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We propose that the world would be better off with ~ 15 Universal Languages.
== Justification ==
== Justification ==
In the future, regional unity and pride will be seen as desirable, in order not to lose indigenous cultures and languages.  Esperanto is a fine idea, but it scrubs through many of the important differences of regions and cultures.  A slightly finer grain of distinction yields approximately 15 world languages, as seen below.  Within each zone, the Universal Language is taught and mandatory, but no one group or culture claims it as there own.  Each Universal Language is a kind of abstraction, an easy to learn language for everyone in the zone, but an artificial creation unlike natural languages.  It is a kind of neutral meeting ground, a no-man's land.  Nevertheless, for outsiders, learning a Universal Language is a gateway into grammar and vocabulary for each zone.
In the future, regional unity and pride will be seen as desirable, in order not to lose indigenous cultures and languages.  Esperanto is a fine idea, but it scrubs through many of the important differences of regions and cultures.  A slightly finer grain of distinction yields approximately 15 world languages, as seen below.  Within each zone, the Universal Language is taught and mandatory, but no one group or culture claims it as there own.  Each Universal Language is a kind of abstraction, an easy to learn language for everyone in the zone, but an artificial creation unlike natural languages.  It is a kind of neutral meeting ground, a no-man's land.  Nevertheless, for outsiders, learning a Universal Language is a gateway into grammar and vocabulary for each zone.
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[[File:Aquatiki map.png|1000px]]
[[File:Aquatiki map.png|1000px]]


The effects of European colonization as evident as [[Intralingua]] (Romance, in blue) and [[Folksprak]] (Germanic, in red) are spread across the globe.  The dark green of [[Interslavic]] sprawls across into Asia, but, of course, the population is actually quite thin.  The bright green of [[Jalpi]] (Turkic) interweaves through Central Asia, as does the dark green-grey of [[Samboka]] (Finno-Ugric).  Returning to Europe, we see the [[Balkan]] sprachbund has its own language, as does the disputed region of the Caucasus, i.e. [[Caucas]].   
The effects of European colonization as evident as [[Intralingua]] (Romance, in blue) and [[Folksprak]] (Germanic, in red) are spread across the globe.  The dark green of [[Interslavic]] sprawls across into Asia, but, of course, the population is actually quite thin.  The bright green of [[Jalpi]] (Turkic) interweaves through Central Asia, as does the dark green-grey of [[Samboka]] (Finno-Ugric).  Returning to Europe, we see the [[Balkan]] sprachbund has its own language, as does the disputed region of the Caucasus, i.e. [[User:Aquatiki/Caucas|Caucas]].   


Moving towards India, we see the former Persian Empire, in the form of [[Zens]].  Perhaps a greater degree of unity would be possible in the future, but for now, we divide the Indian sub-continent into [[Neo-Sanskrit]] and [[Dravindian]].  Continuing east, we see that Maritime Southeast Asia, and Mainland Southeast Asia each have their own language, as does the Sinosphere (CJKV).
Moving towards India, we see the former Persian Empire, in the form of [[User:Aquatiki/Zens|Zens]].  Perhaps a greater degree of unity would be possible in the future, but for now, we divide the Indian sub-continent into [[User:Aquatiki/Neo-Sanskrit|Neo-Sanskrit]] and [[User:Aquatiki/Dravindian|Dravindian]].  Continuing east, we see that Maritime Southeast Asia, and [[User:Aquatiki/MSEAL|Mainland Southeast Asia]] each have their own language, as does the Sinosphere ([[Dan'a'yo|CJKV]]).


Looking to Africa, the Middle East is united around [[Middle Semitic]], extending across the north.  The Horn of Africa has long been seen as a sprachbund, here called [[SEDES]].  An effort exists already to unite West Africa linguistically, called [[Guosa]].  Swahili is largely a Bantu-unifier, but like using English, it is not neutral.  We propose the creation of [[Kintu]].
Looking to Africa, the Middle East is united around [[Middle Semitic]], extending across the north.  The Horn of Africa has long been seen as a sprachbund, here called [[User:Aquatiki/SEDES|SEDES]].  An effort exists already to unite West Africa linguistically, called [[Guosa]].  Swahili is largely a Bantu-unifier, but like using English, it is not neutral.  We propose the creation of [[User:Aquatiki/Kintu|Kintu]].


Unlikely candidates are the Native American languages, the Qinghai sprachbund, the Celtic languages, and others.  Papua New Guinea seems to have naturally created a creole to meet this exact kind of problem, in the form of [[Tok Pisin]].
Unlikely candidates are the Native American languages, the Qinghai sprachbund, the Celtic languages, and others.  Papua New Guinea seems to have naturally created a creole to meet this exact kind of problem, in the form of [[Tok Pisin]].


== Table ==
== Table ==
{| {{Table/bluetable}}
{| {{Table/bluetable}}  
|+ Universal Languages
|+ Universal Languages
! Name
! Name
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| The eastern region of Africa is dominated by Swahili at present, but it is not a neutral language. An auxiliary language was created for Pan-African purposes.
| The eastern region of Africa is dominated by Swahili at present, but it is not a neutral language. An auxiliary language was created for Pan-African purposes.
|-
|-
! [[Indo-Malaysian]]
! [[User:Aquatiki/Indo-Malaysian|Indo-Malaysian]]
| [[w:Maritime Southeast Asia|East Indies]]
| [[w:Maritime Southeast Asia|East Indies]]
| 380
| 380
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|-
|-
! [[Balkan]]
! [[Balkan]]
| [[w:Balkans]]
| [[w:Balkans|Balkans]]
| 60
| 60
| Through a long history of living together, an indisputable sprachbund exists in the area. Greek letters make a neutral writing system.
| Through a long history of living together, an indisputable sprachbund exists in the area. Greek letters make a neutral writing system.
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| [[w:Caucasia|Caucasia]]
| [[w:Caucasia|Caucasia]]
| 23
| 23
| Maybe not a sprachbund, but needs unifying
| May not a meet the definition of a sprachbund, but can be unified
|}
|}




 
{{Also|Universal Language/Swadesh}}
== Swadesh ==
{| class="wikitable"
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''No'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''English'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Intralingua'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Interslavic'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Folksprak'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Middle Semitic'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Dan'a'yo'''
|-
| 1||I||io||я||ᛁᛣᛣ ikk||ܐܢܐ ('ánâ)||我 ( 'a )
|-
| 2||you||tu||ты||ᛞᚢ du||ܐܢܬܐ , ܐܢܬܝ ('ántâ m ,'ántî f)||君 ( gun )
|-
| 3||he||ille||он||||ܗܘܐ (húwâ)||其人 ( ginin )
|-
| 4||we||nos||мы||||ܐܢܚܢܘ ('anáħnû)||我等 ( 'adung )
|-
| 5||you||vos||вы||||ܐܢܬܘܡ ('ántum)||君等 ( gundung )
|-
| 6||they||illes||они||||ܗܘܡ (hûm)||其人等 ( ginnindung )
|-
| 7||this||iste||Той||||ܗܙܐ (hazâ)||此 ( ce )
|-
| 8||that||illa||Той||||ܙܟܐ (zakâ)||其 ( gi )
|-
| 9||here||hic , ci, qui||ту||||ܗܘܢ (hun)||此処 ( ceco )
|-
| 10||there||illac, ibi , la||там‎||||ܗܘܢܟ (hunak)||其処 ( gico )
|-
| 11||who||qui||кто||||ܡܥܢ (mîn)||誰 ( syei )
|-
| 12||what||que||Что‎||ᚹᚪᛏ vat||ܡܢ (man)||何 ( ha )
|-
| 13||where||ubi||кдє‎||ᛇᚪᚱ var||ܐܢܐ ('enâ)||何処 ( haco )
|-
| 14||when||quando||когда‎||||ܡܬܐ (matâ)||何時 ( hasi )
|-
| 15||how||como||як‎|||| ()||如何 ( nyoha )
|-
| 16||not||non , ne||нє‎||||ܠܐ (lâ)||不 ( bot )
|-
| 17||all||tote||||||ܟܘܠ (kol)||皆 ( gye )
|-
| 18||many||multe|||||| ()||多 ( da )
|-
| 19||some||alicun||||||ܟܡܐ (kamâ)||某 ( mou )
|-
| 20||few||poc|||||| ()||少 ( sou )
|-
| 21||other||altere|||||| ()||他 ( ta )
|-
| 22||one||un||Един||ᛖᚾ en||ܘܚܕ m , ܘܚܕܐ (waħad, waħdâ)||一 ( 'it )
|-
| 23||two||duo||два‎||ᛏᚹᛖ tve||ܫܢܝܡ (šanayim)||二 ( nii )
|-
| 24||three||tres||три‎||ᛞᚱᛁ dri||ܫܠܫ (šalaš)||三 ( sam )
|-
| 25||four||quatro||||ᚠᛁᛖᚱ fir||ܐܪܒܥ ('arbʕ)||四 ( sii )
|-
| 26||five||cinque||||ᚠᛁᛗ fim||ܚܡܤܐ (ħamsâ)||五 ( 'o )
|-
| 27||big||grande||||ᚷᚱᚩᛏ grot||ܟܒܝܪ (kabir)||太 ( dai )
|-
| 28||long||longe||||ᛚᚪᚾᚷ lang|| ()||長 ( jang )
|-
| 29||wide||large||||ᛒᚱᛖᛞ bred||ܪܚܒ (raḥab)||広 ( gwang )
|-
| 30||thick||spisse|||||| ()||厚 ( hou )
|-
| 31||heavy||pesante|||||| ()||重 ( cong )
|-
| 32||small||parve|||||| ()||小 ( so )
|-
| 33||short||curte||||||ܩܨܪ (qaṣar)||短 ( dwan )
|-
| 34||narrow||stricte|||||| ()||狹 ( hap )
|-
| 35||thin||||||||ܪܩܝܩܐ (raqîqâ)||薄 ( bak )
|-
| 36||woman||femina|||||| ()||女人 ( nyonin )
|-
| 37||man (adult male)||viro|||||| ()||男人 ( namnin )
|-
| 38||man (human being)||homine||||ᛗᛖᚾᚳ menc||ܐܢܣܢܐ ('ensanâ)||人 ( nin )
|-
| 39||child||infante||||ᛣᛁᚾᛞ||ܘܠܕܐ (waladâ)||児子 ( 'eiji )
|-
| 40||wife||marita , sposa||||ᚠᚱᚩᚢ||||妻 ( cei )
|-
| 41||husband||marito , sposo||||||||丈夫 ( jangbu )
|-
| 42||mother||matre||Матка||||||母親 ( moucin )
|-
| 43||father||patre||||||||父親 ( bucin )
|-
| 44||animal||animal||||ᛞᛁᚱ dir|||| {{Ruby|{{C|動物}}|ㄉㄛㄥㄇㄨㆵ}}
|-
| 45||fish||pisce||||ᚠᛁᛋᛣ fisk||||魚 ( 'yo )
|-
| 46||bird||ave||||||||鳥 ( cou )
|-
| 47||dog||can||||ᚻᚢᚾᛞ hund||||犬 ( kwen )
|-
| 48||louse||pediculo||||ᛚᚢᛋ lus||||虱 ( sit )
|-
| 49||snake||serpente||||||||蛇 ( ta )
|-
| 50||worm||verme||||||||蠕虫 ( nujung )
|-
| 51||tree||arbore||||||||木 ( mok )
|-
| 52||forest||foreste||||||||森林 ( simlim )
|-
| 53||stick||baston||||||||棍棒 ( honbang )
|-
| 54||fruit||fructo||||ᚠᚱᚢᛉᛏ fruxt||||果実 ( gwasit )
|-
| 55||seed||semine||||||||種子 ( jongji )
|-
| 56||leaf||folio||||||||葉 ( 'yop ) }
|-
| 57||root||radice||||||||根 ( gan )
|-
| 58||bark||cortice||||||||樹皮 ( subi )
|-
| 59||flower||flor||||ᛒᛚᚢᛗ blum||||草花 ( cauhwa )
|-
| 60||grass||herba||||ᚷᚱᚪᛋ gras||||草 ( cau )
|-
| 61||rope||corda||||||||縄 ( jing )
|-
| 62||skin||cute, pelle||||||||皮膚 ( bipu )
|-
| 63||meat||carne||||||||肉 ( nuk )
|-
| 64||blood||sanguine||||||||血 ( hwet )
|-
| 65||bone||osso||||||||骨 ( got )
|-
| 66||fat||grassia||||||||脂肪 ( jiipang )
|-
| 67||egg||ovo||||||||卵子 ( lanji )
|-
| 68||horn||corno||||ᚻᚩᚱᚾ horn||||角 ( gok )
|-
| 69||tail||cauda||||||||尾 ( mui )
|-
| 70||feather||pluma, penna||||||||羽毛 ( 'umau )
|-
| 71||hair||pilo, capillo||||||||頭髮 ( toupat )
|-
| 72||head||capite||||||||頭 ( tou )
|-
| 73||ear||aure||||||||耳 ( ni )
|-
| 74||eye||oculo||||||||目 ( muk )
|-
| 75||nose||naso||||||||鼻 ( bi )
|-
| 76||mouth||bucca, ore||||||||口 ( kou )
|-
| 77||tooth||dente||||||||歯 ( ci ) , 長牙 ( jang'a )
|-
| 78||tongue||lingua||||||||舌 ( set )
|-
| 79||fingernail||ungula||||||||指甲 ( jiigap )
|-
| 80||foot||pede||||||||足 ( jok )
|-
| 81||leg||gamba||||||||腳 ( gyak )
|-
| 82||knee||genu||||||||膝 ( sit )
|-
| 83||hand||mano||||ᚻᚪᚾᛞ hand||||手 ( syu )
|-
| 84||wing||ala||||||||羽翼 ( 'u'ik )
|-
| 85||belly||ventre||||||||腹 ( buk )
|-
| 86||guts||tripas||||||||腸管 ( canggwan )
|-
| 87||neck||collo||||||||頸 ( ging )
|-
| 88||back||dorso||||||||背 ( boi )
|-
| 89||breast||pectore||||||||胸部 ( hyongbou )
|-
| 90||heart||corde||||||||心臓 ( simjang )
|-
| 91||liver||ficato, hepato||||||||肝臓 ( ganjang )
|-
| 92||drink||biber||||||||飲 ( 'um )
|-
| 93||eat||mangiar||||||||食 ( sik )
|-
| 94||bite||morder||||||||咬 ( 'yau )
|-
| 95||suck||suger||||||||吸 ( hip )
|-
| 96||spit||sputar||||||||吐 ( to )
|-
| 97||vomit||vomitar||||||||吐 ( to )
|-
| 98||blow||sufflar||||||||吹 ( cui )
|-
| 99||breathe||respirar||||||||
|-
| 100||laugh||rider||||||||笑 ( syou )
|-
| 101||see||vider||||||||見 ( gyen )
|-
| 102||hear||audir||||||||聞 ( mun )
|-
| 103||know||saper||||||||知 ( jui )
|-
| 104||think||pensar||||||||思考 ( sakau )
|-
| 105||smell||olfacer||||||||嗅 ( hyu )
|-
| 106||fear||timer||||||||恐怖 ( kongpo )
|-
| 107||sleep||dormir||||||||寝 ( cim )
|-
| 108||live||viver||||||||生活 ( sanghwat )
|-
| 109||die||morir||||||||死亡 ( siimang )
|-
| 110||kill||occidar||||||||殺 ( sat )
|-
| 111||fight||luctar||||||||戦闘 ( jendou )
|-
| 110||hunt||chassar||||||||猟 ( lop )
|-
| 113||hit (beat)||colpar||||||||打撃 ( dagek )
|-
| 114||cut||secar||||||||切 ( cet )
|-
| 115||split||finder||||||||分裂 ( bunlet )
|-
| 116||stab||dagar||||||||刺 ( cik )
|-
| 117||scratch||grattar||||||||掻 ( sau )
|-
| 118||dig||foder||||||||掘 ( gut )
|-
| 119||swim||natar||||||||泳 ( 'wing )
|-
| 120||fly||volar||||||||飛行 ( pihang )
|-
| 121||walk||ambular, promenar se||||||||散歩 ( sanbo )
|-
| 122||come||venir||||||||来 ( lai )
|-
| 123||lie||jacer||||||||臥 ( 'wa )
|-
| 124||sit||seder||||||||坐 ( jwa )
|-
| 125||stand||star||||||||立 ( lip )
|-
| 126||turn||tornar||||||||回転 ( hoijwen )
|-
| 127||fall||cader||||||||落下 ( lakha )
|-
| 128||give||dar||||||||送 ( song )
|-
| 129||hold||tener||||||||持 ( di )
|-
| 130||squeeze||premer||||||||捻 ( nep )
|-
| 131||rub||fricar||||||||擦 ( cat )
|-
| 132||wash||lavar||||||||洗 ( sen )
|-
| 133||wipe||essugar||||||||擦拭 ( catsik )
|-
| 134||pull||tirar||||||||引 ( 'in )
|-
| 135||push||pulsar||||||||推 ( cui )
|-
| 136||throw||jectar||||||||投 ( dou )
|-
| 137||tie||ligar||||||||結 ( get )
|-
| 138||sew||suer||||||||縫製 ( bongje )
|-
| 139||count||contar||||||||計数 ( geisu )
|-
| 140||say||dicer||||||||言 ( 'en )
|-
| 141||sing||cantar||||||||唱歌 ( cangga )
|-
| 142||play||jocar||||||||遊戯 ( 'yuuhui )
|-
| 143||float||flottar||||||||浮 ( buu )
|-
| 144||flow||fluer||||||||流動 ( lyudong )
|-
| 145||freeze||gelar||||||||凍結 ( dongget )
|-
| 146||swell||tumer||||||||膨脹 ( pangcang )
|-
| 147||sun||sol||||||||太陽 ( tai'yang )
|-
| 148||moon||luna||||||||月 ( 'wet )
|-
| 149||star||stella||||||||星 ( seng )
|-
| 150||water||aqua||||||||水 ( su )
|-
| 151||rain||pluvia||||||||雨 ( 'u )
|-
| 152||river||fluvio||||||||川 ( cen )
|-
| 153||lake||laco||||||||湖 ( ho )
|-
| 154||sea||mar||||||||海洋 ( hai'yang )
|-
| 155||salt||sal||||||||塩 ( 'yem )
|-
| 156||stone||petra||||||||石頭 ( sektou )
|-
| 157||sand||arena, sablo||||||||沙 ( sa )
|-
| 158||dust||pulvere||||||||灰塵 ( hoijin )
|-
| 159||earth||terra||||||||土 ( to )
|-
| 160||cloud||nube||||||||雲 ( 'un )
|-
| 161||fog||nebula||||||||霧 ( mu )
|-
| 162||sky||celo||||||||天 ( ten )
|-
| 163||wind||vento||||||||風 ( pung )
|-
| 164||snow||nive||||||||雪 ( swet )
|-
| 165||ice||glacie||||||||氷水 ( bingsu )
|-
| 166||smoke||fumo||||||||煙 ( 'en )
|-
| 167||fire||foco||||||||火 ( hwa )
|-
| 168||ash||cineres||||||||灰 ( hoi )
|-
| 169||burn||arder||||||||燃焼 ( nensyou )
|-
| 170||road||strata||||||||道路 ( daulo )
|-
| 171||mountain||montania||||||||山 ( san )
|-
| 172||red||rubie||||||||紅 ( hong ) 赤 ( cek )
|-
| 173||green||verde||||||||緑 ( lok )
|-
| 174||yellow||jalne||||||||黄 ( hwang )
|-
| 175||white||blanc||||||||白 ( bak )
|-
| 176||black||nigre||||||||黒 ( huk )
|-
| 177||night||nocte||||||||夜 ( 'ya )
|-
| 178||day||die||||||||日 ( nit )
|-
| 179||year||anno||||||||年 ( nen )
|-
| 180||warm||calide||||||||暖 ( nan )
|-
| 181||cold||frigide||||||||冷 ( lang )
|-
| 182||full||plen||||||||満 ( man )
|-
| 183||new||nove||||||||新 ( sin )
|-
| 184||old||vetere||||||||老 ( lau )
|-
| 185||good||bon||||||||好 ( hau )
|-
| 186||bad||mal||||||||悪 ( 'ak )
|-
| 187||rotten||corrupte||||||||腐敗 ( pubai )
|-
| 188||dirty||immunde||||||||汚 ( 'o )
|-
| 189||straight||recte||||||||直 ( jik )
|-
| 190||round||ronde||||||||圓 ( 'wen )
|-
| 191||sharp||acute||||||||鋭利 ( 'yelii )
|-
| 192||dull||obtuse||||||||鈍 ( don )
|-
| 193||smooth||lisie||||||||滑 ( got )
|-
| 194||wet||humide||||||||湿 ( sip )
|-
| 195||dry||sic||||||||干燥 ( gansau )
|-
| 196||correct||correcte||||||||正 ( jing )
|-
| 197||near||proxime||||||||近 ( gin )
|-
| 198||far||distante||||||||遠 ( 'on )
|-
| 199||right||dextre||||||||右側 ( 'yujik )
|-
| 200||left||sinistre||||||||左側 ( jajik )
|-
| 201||at||a , in||||||||於 ( 'o )
|-
| 202||in||in||||||||於 ( 'o )
|-
| 203||with||con||||||||共 ( gyong )
|-
| 204||and||e||||||||与 ( 'yo ) , 而 ( ni )
|-
| 205||if||si||||||||若 ( nya )
|-
| 206||because||proque||||||||因由 ( 'inyuu )
|-
| 207||name||{{Dict|nomine}}||{{Dict|име}}||{{Rune|{{C|ᚾᚪᛗ}}}} ||||{{Ruby|{{C|名}}|ㄇㄧㄥ}}
|}


== WALS ==
== WALS ==
Line 614: Line 192:
|}
|}


Additionally, only the languages of India have '''breathy consonants''', only AM and MSEAL have '''obligatory subjects''', and only Caucas has '''labialized velars'''.  Only East Asian languages have '''classifiers'''.
Additionally, only the languages of India have '''breathy consonants''', only IM and MSEAL have '''obligatory subjects''', and only Caucas has '''labialized velars'''.  Only East Asian languages have '''classifiers'''.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


[[Category:Universal Languages]]
[[Category:Universal Languages]]
{{Aquatiki}}
Aquatiki
1,177

edits

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