Upek

Uupek is a language isolate spoken in Cuadhlabh, notable for its large consonant inventory.

Phonology

Consonants

Uupek has 1728 consonants:

{k g, kʰ, gʰ, x, ɣ, ɰ, ŋ, ŋʰ, k’, kx’, ˀg} x {prevelar, postvelar, phar'd uvular, rhoticized velar, rhoticized uvular} x {plain, labialized} = 120 sounds

{ʀ, ʀʰ} x {plain, lab'd} x {plain, r-colored, phar'd} = 12 sounds, total 132

{ħ, ʕ, ʔ, ʔˁ, ʜ, ʡ, h, ɦ, ʔʰ, ʔʰˁ, ʡʰ, ʡ’} x {plain, lab} = 24 sounds, total 156

{t, d, n, tʰ, dʰ, nʰ, θ, ð, ɬ, ɮ, tɬ, dɮ, nl, nlʰ, t', tθ', ˀd, ˀdɮ, tɬ', ˀdð, l, lʰ, flap, lateral flap} x {dental, alveolar, phar'd dental, phar'd alveolar, postalveolar, retroflex, phar'd retroflex, palatalized dental, pal'd alveolar} x {plain, labialized} = 9x24x2 = 432 sounds, total 588

{s, z, ts, dz, s', ts', ˀdz} x {alv, alv-pal, phar'd alv, sje} = 28 sounds, total 616

{r, rʰ, ř, řʰ} x {alv, phar'd alv, retro, phar'd retro} = 16 sounds total 632

{ɹ ɹʰ ɻ ɻʰ} = 4 sounds total 636

{m, p, b, ɸ, β, pʰ, bʰ, mʰ, p’, pɸ', ˀb} x {normal, labial} x {normal, palatal, pharyngeal, k̠p, k̟p, qpˁ} = 132, total 768

{t, d, n, tʰ, dʰ, nʰ, θ, ð, ɬ, ɮ, tɬ, dɮ, nl, nlʰ, t', tθ', ˀd, ˀdɮ, tɬ', ˀdð, l, lʰ, flap, lateral flap} x {linguolabial} = 24 total 792

clicks:

{dental, alveolar, fricated alveolar, retroflex, fricated retroflex, alveolar lateral, retroflex lateral, palatal} x {!, g!, !h, g!h, n!, n!h, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar, uvular} x {normal, rounded, simultaneous labial, sim.labial+rounded} = 8x8x2x4 = 512,total 1304

affricated clicks: {dental, alveolar, fricated alveolar, retroflex, fricated retroflex, alveolar lateral, retroflex lateral, palatal} x {!, g!, n!, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar affricate, uvular affricate} x {normal, rounded, simultaneous labial, sim.labial+rounded} = 8x5x2x4 = 320 total 1624

labial clicks: {labial, labiodental} x {!, g!, !h, g!h, n!, n!h, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar, uvular} x {normal, labialized} = 2x8x2x2 = 64 total 1688

{labial, labiodental} x {!, g!, n!, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar affricate, uvular affricate} x {normal, labialized} = 2x5x2x2 = 40 total 1728

Vowels

Uupek has 5 vowels /a e i o u/ which can be long or short.