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User:Aquatiki/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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== Proto == | == Proto == | ||
{| class="bluetable" | |||
|+ Consonants of the Proto | |||
! !! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal | |||
|- | |||
! Nasal | |||
| m || n || || N | |||
|- | |||
! Stop | |||
| p b || t d || k g || q ʔ | |||
|- | |||
! Sibilant | |||
| f || s z || || x | |||
|- | |||
! Fricative | |||
| þ || ł ɮ || || h | |||
|- | |||
! Rhotic | |||
| || r ɻ || || | |||
|- | |||
! Approximant | |||
| || j || w | |||
|} | |||
{| class="bluetable" | |||
|+ Vowels of the Proto | |||
! !! Front !! !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! High | |||
| i ī || || u ū | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| || ǝ || | |||
|- | |||
! Low | |||
| || a ā || | |||
|} | |||
no vowel hiatus | |||
no hiatus | |||
was SOV | was SOV | ||
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* ? --> ø | * ? --> ø | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
m n ŋ ܡo ܢo ܥ | m n ŋ ܡo ܢo ܥ MNŊ | ||
p b t d k g q ʔ ܦoܒo ܛoܖo ܟoܓo ܩo ܐ | p b t d k g q ʔ ܦoܒo ܛoܖo ܟoܓo ܩo ܐ. PBTDKGQ | ||
ɸ~β s~z ʃ~ʒ χ~ʁ ܧo ܣo ܙo ܚo | ɸ~β s~z ʃ~ʒ χ~ʁ ܧo ܣo ܙo ܚo (FV)(SZ)(ŠŽ)(XĦ) | ||
θ̼ ɬ t͡ʃ h ܬo ܫo ܨo ܗo | θ̼ ɬ t͡ʃ h ܬo ܫo ܨo ܗo þ Ł Č H | ||
r l ݍo ܠo | r l ݍo ܠo R L | ||
j w ܝo ܘo | j w ܝo ܘo Y W | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
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ɚ=r a=ʔ ǝ=ø ܐ݅orܐ݆ x ܐܰorܐܱ x ܐ݃orܐ݄ | ɚ=r a=ʔ ǝ=ø ܐ݅orܐ݆ x ܐܰorܐܱ x ܐ݃orܐ݄ | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Diphthongs: ey, ai, ow, aw | ==== Diphthongs ==== | ||
First: ey, ai, ow, aw. Second: all long vowels (aa, ee, ii, oo, uu, ɚɚ). | |||
Morae: | Morae: (C)V = 1, CVV/CVC = 2, CVVC = 3. Stress is on the third from the end mora (or the first syllable – obviously – if its too short). This is easiest to remember in the writing without vowels: stress is on the third to last letter. | ||
yes gemination | yes gemination | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! S | ! S | ||
| rowspan="3" | | | rowspan="3" | š(a)- | ||
| ?? | | ?? | ||
| ?? | | ?? | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Case: there are three -- '''suffixes''' | Case: there are three -- '''suffixes''' | ||
# Nominative: (also doubles as vocative) | # Nominative: (also doubles as vocative) -ø | ||
# Accusative | # Accusative: -(u)L | ||
# Oblique: mainly genitive and dative | # Oblique: (mainly genitive and dative) -(w)o | ||
Person: 3rd person always agrees with one of the 7 genders. There is 1S, 2S, 1PX, 1PI, 2P, | Person: 3rd person always agrees with one of the 7 genders. There is 1S, 2S, 1PX, 1PI, 2P, 1C, 2C | ||
Pronouns: As in Hebrew, they can be independent or affixed. Independent is only used in simple (copulative) sentences. The prefixes attach to postpositions (like Hebrew), they attach to nouns to mark possession, and the verbs to mark the accusative. | Pronouns: As in Hebrew, they can be independent or affixed. Independent is only used in simple (copulative) sentences. The prefixes attach to postpositions (like Hebrew), they attach to nouns to mark possession, and the verbs to mark the accusative. | ||
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=== Syntax === | === Syntax === | ||
Word order is totally free, but it used to be SOV, so there is some tendency for the verb to come at the end. | Word order is totally free, but it used to be SOV, so there is some tendency for the verb to come at the end. | ||
=== Derivation === | |||
_ is a triconsonantal language, like Hebrew or Akkadian. It is largely spell-able without the vowels, once you know the language. | |||
There are very regular patterns for noun and verb creation, which we will document with the very regular word BáLrM, ''to hate''. The lexical form is BóLeM. Where there are two in a slot, the top is exclusive and the bottom is inclusive | |||
==== Direct ==== | |||
<!-- The direct aorist is basically o-e+suffix, call it the Poel //--> | |||
<!-- The direct continuous is basically prefix+i-e //-> | |||
<!-- The direct subjunctive is basically o-infixA //--> | |||
{| class="bluetable" | |||
|+ BóLeM | |||
! | |||
! colspan="3" | Aorist | |||
! colspan="3" | Continuous | |||
! colspan="3" | Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! !! sg !! pauc !! collect !! sg !! pauc !! collect | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | 1 | |||
| rowspan="2" | '''B'''ó'''LM'''oÞ | |||
| '''B'''ó'''LM'''iQ || '''B'''ó'''LM'''iM | |||
|- | |||
| '''B'''ó'''LM'''oS || '''B'''ó'''LM'''oŊe | |||
|- | |||
! 2 | |||
| '''B'''o'''L'''éY'''M''' || '''B'''o'''L'''é'''M'''rĦ || '''B'''ó'''LM'''iN | |||
|- | |||
! 3E | |||
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | '''B'''ó'''L'''e'''M''' | |||
|- | |||
! 3F | |||
| '''B'''o'''LM'''ŕPoŠ | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''B'''ó'''LM'''aŠe | |||
|- | |||
! 3P | |||
| '''B'''ó'''LM'''iŁ || '''B'''o'''L'''é'''M'''ŁeY || '''B'''o'''L'''Łé'''M'''uW | |||
|- | |||
! 3A | |||
| '''B'''o'''L'''e'''M'''KoŊ || '''B'''o'''L'''ŕŊ'''M'''o || '''B'''o'''LM'''oŊ | |||
|- | |||
! 3B | |||
| '''B'''o'''L'''e'''M'''ČeT || '''B'''o'''LM'''eTu || '''B'''o'''LM'''rÇ | |||
|- | |||
! 3S | |||
| '''B'''o'''L'''é'''M'''ZrŽ | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | '''B'''ó'''LM'''rŽ | |||
|- | |||
! 3R | |||
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | '''B'''o'''L'''í'''M'''ÞiM | |||
|} | |||
==== Hearsay ==== | |||
<!-- The hearsay aorist is basically suffix //--> | |||
<!-- The hearsay continuous is basically prefix //-> | |||
<!-- The hearsay subjunctive is basically infix //--> | |||
==== Inferential ==== | |||
<!-- The inferential aorist is basically suffix //--> | |||
<!-- The inferential continuous is basically prefix //-> | |||
<!-- The inferential subjunctive is basically infix //--> | |||
==== Imperative ==== | |||
<!-- The imperative aorist is basically suffix //--> | |||
<!-- The imperative continuous is basically prefix //-> | |||
=== Nouns === | |||
Base noun form: BáLrM | |||