User:IlL/A Danified analytic Neo-Arabic/Ancient: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 13:25, 14 October 2019

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→‎Verbs

IlL

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 Verbs inherited the following forms from Biblical Hebrew:
-*narrative past, or waw-preterite (from the BH waw-consecutive preterite), distinguished from the imperfect by stress
+*perfect independent (from the BH waw-consecutive preterite), distinguished from the imperfect by stress
-*past/perfect/stative (from the BH perfect)
+*imperfect independent (from the BH waw-consecutive imperfect)
-*non-past/imperfect (from the BH imperfect)
+*perfect dependent (from the BH perfect)
+*imperfect dependent (from the BH imperfect)
 *imperative
 *cohortative ''-a''
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 The following verb forms lost their productivity:
 *jussive (only survives in ''hajā'' 'to be')
-*waw-consecutive + suffix conjugation, for the emphatic future construction (likewise only survives in ''hajā'' 'to be')
 *infinitive absolute
+The Biblical Hebrew distinction between waw-preterite and perfect, and waw-stative and future, became a purely syntactic one: The waw-consecutive is used as the default form, and the non-waw forms are used when pre-verbal particle is attached (such as ''lō'' 'not', ''him'' 'if', ''ha-'' 'question particle', ''hinni'' 'but'). This is similar to Old Irish verbal allomorphy between independent and dependent forms.
+{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
+|+ Independent vs. dependent forms: example
+! || independent || dependent
+|-
+! perfect
+| ''wajjṓγal'' || ''lō haγál''
+|-
+! imperfect
+| ''wahaγál'' || ''lō
+|}
+*''wajjṓγal'' = he ate
+*''lō haγal'' = he did not eat
 ====Binyan ''faȝal'' (paʕal)====
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"