User:IlL/A Danified analytic Neo-Arabic/Ancient

Old Knánith is the stage of Knánith after the split from Mishnaic Hebrew and before 9th century CE.

Phonology

Consonants

/m p b f v n t d θ ð ts s z ʃ ɣ̃ ħ k g x h l w j r/ ⟨m p b f v n t d th dh ts s/x z š ȝ ħ k g kh h l w y r⟩

Glottal reinforcement (transcribed by tt kk, pronounced /ʔt ʔk/) occurs before historical Biblical Hebrew emphatics /tʼ kʼ tsʼ/, and also analogically in some other cases (cf. Glottalic PIE > RP English).

/l/ allophonically velarized before C.

Mutations

Words can undergo initial lenition, as in Irish and Tiberian Hebrew:

p- b- t- d- k- g- > f- v- th- dh- kh- Ø-

Vowels

Old Knánith had a rather simple vowel system:

a e i o u ø á é í ó ú /a e i o u a: e: i: o: u:/

Long vowels were formed from V + /ʔ h ɣ/.

Prosody

Stress

Stress is always penultimate, except with some verbs where the lV- prefix does not have the stress.

Grammar

Still basically Hebrew (except with penultimate stress), with inflected verbs.

Syntax was retained as VSO under the influence of Celtic.

Verbs

All 7 binyanim of Biblical Hebrew were in use.

Verbs had the following forms:

• Past
• Non-past
• Imperative
• Infinitive