User:IlL/Spare pages 1/4: Difference between revisions

m
IlL moved page User:IlL/Spare pages 1-99/4 to User:IlL/Spare pages 1/4 without leaving a redirect
mNo edit summary
m (IlL moved page User:IlL/Spare pages 1-99/4 to User:IlL/Spare pages 1/4 without leaving a redirect)
 
(226 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]
: {{distinguish|text= the Earth language [[w:Fungor language|Fungor]], also known as Ko}}
 
:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Wordlist]]


{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image =
|creator = User:IlL
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = ''Kuam''
|nativename = lees ndoigh Komh
|pronunciation= 
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region = Bjeheond
|state = Bjeheond
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|fam1=[[Hlouic languages|Hlouic]]
|fam1=[[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum]]
|script=
|scripts=* Latin (Uncial)
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}
'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (English: /ki:/, natively ''Kuam'' /kɨː/ (''-m'' is a tone letter)) is a language spoken in [[Bjeheond]]; as a [[Hlouic languages|Hlouic language]], it's related to [[Hlou]]. It is a monosyllabic tonal language inspired by Hmong and Irish. Like Irish, it has initial consonant mutations.
'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (English: /koʊ/, natively ''lees ndoigh Komh'' /li noi kɔ/ (TBA: tone)) is a language spoken in [[Bjeheond]]; as a [[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum language]], it's related to [[Hlou]]. It is a monosyllabic tonal language inspired by Hmong, Irish, Manx, and English. Like Irish, Ko has initial consonant mutations.


==Todo==
==Todo==
*Explain: lexical mutation in Hlou, grammatical mutation in Ku
Motivation: "Sinospheric Irish" or "Hmoob read by an Irish speaker"
*Explain: lexical mutation in Hlou, grammatical mutation in Ko
**Hlou lexical mutation could have arisen from a grammatical mutation system where the particles fell away
*''dor'' = to be born ~ Hlou ''Ndol'' 'person'
*''dor'' = to be born ~ Hlou ''Ndol'' 'person'
*TODO: kl gl sk > q
*bach = small, meer = big
*hleubh = to love (hlub means "to love" in Hmong)
*kein = archaic negative word
*ein = emphasis/'rather'
*koobh = good
*cu = copper


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
{{SUBPAGENAME}} has fewer initials and fewer vowels than [[Hlou]], but more tones.
{{SUBPAGENAME}} has fewer initials than [[Hlou]], due to initial mutations.
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
C + V + tone
C + V + tone


===Initials===
===Initials===
''m n ny l r y'' = /m n ɲ l r j/
''m n ņ l nl r y w'' = /m n ɲ l (dark l) r j w/


''hm hn hny hl hr'' = /ʰm ʰn ʰɲ ʰl ʰr/
''hm hn hl hr hy hw'' = /ʰm ʰn ʰɲ ʰl ʰr ç (voiceless w)/


''p t ts tx c k q b d j g'' = /p t ts tʃ c k q b d ɟ g/
''p t ts tx c k q b d j g'' = /h t ts (Basque ts) tʃ c k q b d ɟ g/


''pl bl tl dl'' = /pl bl tl dl/
''pl bl tl dl'' = /hl bl tl dl/


''ph th tsh txh ch kh qh bh dh jh gh'' = /f θ s ʃ ç x χ v ð j ɣ/
''ph th tçh tsh txh ch kh qh bh dh jh gh'' = /f θ s (Basque s) ʃ ç x χ v ð j ɣ/


''phl bhl thl dhl'' /fl vl ɬ ɮ/
''phl bhl thl dhl'' /fl vl ɬ ɮ/


''np nt nts ntx nc nk nq nb nd nj ng'' = /b d dz dʒ ɟ g ɢ m n ɲ ŋ/
''np nt ntç nts ntx nc nk nq nb nd nj ng'' = /b d dz (voiced Basque ts) dʒ ɟ g ɢ m n ɲ ŋ/


''npl nbl ntl ndl'' /bl ml dl nl/
''npl nbl ntl ndl'' /bl ml dl nl/


''f s x h'' = /f s ʃ h/
''f ç s x'' = /f s (Basque s) ʃ/


''nf ns nx'' = /v z ʒ/
''nf ns nx'', also ''fh çh sh xh'' = /v z (voiced Basque s) ʒ/
 
''v z'' = /v z/


===Rimes===
===Rimes===
''a i u w e o aa ee oo ia ua'' = /a ɪ ə u e o oa ea au i ɨ/
''a i ao u e o ee oo ai ei oi au eu ia ua'' = /a ɪ ɨ ʊ ɛ ɔ i u ai ei oi au eu iə uə/


===Tones===
===Tones===
11 tones: (tone letters should correspond to Hlou tones)
9 tones:


''-0 -b -d -g -s -m -r -bh -dh -gh -mh''
*-Ø: mid level
*-ch: glottal stop final
*-s: low falling
*-r: low rising
*-gh: low breathy
*-mh: creaky
*-bh: mid rising
*-dh: high falling
*-n: high level


These tones come in pairs:
==Grammar==
*''-b -d -g -m''
Ko is SVO and head-initial. Mutations often operate on a syntactic basis.
*''-bh -dh -gh -mh''
===Nouns===
** ~ Hlou tones ''-b, -d, -g, -n''
plural word: ''yoo-L'' (placed after classifier but before noun)
===Pronouns===
*xan = I
*çeedh = you


"Entering" tones:
===Classifiers===
*''-0 -s -r''
Classifiers were historically a very open class. They always eclipse the following noun.
** ~ Hlou tones ''-0, -s/-ß, -l''


==Grammar==
''lu'', ''tzagh'', ''hņoobh'', ''lees'', ''çua'', ''yaus'', ...
Parts of speech are not very distinct from each other in {{SUBPAGENAME}}. A content word will take clitics and possibly mutations depending on its syntactic function, which includes whether it serves as a noun, verb or an adverb.
 
===Mutations===
*lu = humans, gods
**''faon'' = a man; ''lu nfaon'' = the man (classifier ''lu'')
*tçagh = animals, demons
**''plaidh'' = a dog; ''tçagh nplaidh'' = the dog (classifier ''tçagh'')
**''tçagh Nja Ber Woch'' = a demon in Ko mythology
*hņoobh = tall objects such as trees, buildings
**''qo'' = a tree; ''hņoobh nqo'' the tree
*çua: infinitive
**''dor'' = is born; ''çua ndor'' = to be born (inf.)
*''lobh'': food, edible plants
*''zail'': inedible plants
*lees = nominalization, way of X-ing
**''doigh'' = 'to speak'; ''lees ndoigh'' 'language'
*In archaic language: fancy apparently ad-hoc classifiers for different animals and fruits (cf. English ''murder of crows'' except "murder" is a classifier)
 
===Verbs===
ba = subjunctive marker
 
''Ba fhaomh-saigh le çeedh'' = If you like it
 
==Sample text==
===Tower of Babel===
:''Pugh çedh yaus nqar ņiamh tso txuabh çhaor aon lees ndoigh kiabh aon lees ntlair.''
:CONJ in CLF world whole PST give only one CLF language and one CLF speak
:And in the whole world there was one language and one way of speaking.
 
:''Roomh lu yoo las jhugh dle [hyoch mhar], [ka nfemh] re txuabh tçhaoch ibh yaus [njo qiagh] Xi-Na, pugh re txuabh cheich hmoi nblaun.''
:when CLF PL person travel eastward then
:As the people moved eastward...


[[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:Tricin]]
[[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Languages]]
138,726

edits