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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is a [[Wiebian]] lect and the official language of the Kurm Republic. It's inspired by Irish and Chinese: it's a monosyllabic tonal language with palatalized consonants and initial consonant mutations.
: {{distinguish|text= the Earth language [[w:Fungor language|Fungor]], also known as Ko}}
==Sound changes==
 
*s!x > sng! > hng <''sng''>
:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Wordlist]]
*sch > s!= > k= <''sc''>
 
{{Infobox language
|creator = User:IlL
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = lees ndoigh Komh
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|state = Bjeheond
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|fam1=[[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum]]
|scripts=* Latin (Uncial)
|notice=IPA
}}
'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (English: /koʊ/, natively ''lees ndoigh Komh'' /li noi kɔ/ (TBA: tone)) is a language spoken in [[Bjeheond]]; as a [[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum language]], it's related to [[Hlou]]. It is a monosyllabic tonal language inspired by Hmong, Irish, Manx, and English. Like Irish, Ko has initial consonant mutations.
 
==Todo==
Motivation: "Sinospheric Irish" or "Hmoob read by an Irish speaker"
*Explain: lexical mutation in Hlou, grammatical mutation in Ko
**Hlou lexical mutation could have arisen from a grammatical mutation system where the particles fell away
*''dor'' = to be born ~ Hlou ''Ndol'' 'person'
*TODO: kl gl sk > q
*bach = small, meer = big
*hleubh = to love (hlub means "to love" in Hmong)
*kein = archaic negative word
*ein = emphasis/'rather'
*koobh = good
*cu = copper
 
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
{{SUBPAGENAME}} has fewer initials than [[Hlou]], due to initial mutations.
===Phonotactics===
C + V + tone
===Initials===
===Initials===
{|class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center"
''m n ņ l nl r y w'' = /m n ɲ l (dark l) r j w/
|-
 
|+'''Consonant phonemes'''
''hm hn hņ hl hr hy hw'' = /ʰm ʰn ʰɲ ʰl ʰr ç (voiceless w)/
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
 
!colspan="2" | Labial
''p t tç ts tx c k q b d j g'' = /h t ts (Basque ts) tʃ c k q b d ɟ g/
!colspan="2" | Dental
!colspan="2" | Alveolar
!colspan="2" | Velar
!rowspan="2" | Laryngeal
|-
! <small>broad</small>
! <small>slender</small>
! <small>broad</small>
! <small>slender</small>
! <small>broad</small>
! <small>slender</small>
! <small>slender</small>
! <small>broad</small>
|-
!rowspan="2" | Nasal
!<small>voiceless</small>
| {{IPA|ʰmˠ}} || {{IPA|ʰmʲ}}
| {{IPA|ʰn̪ˠ}} ||
| || {{IPA|ʰnʲ}}
| {{IPA|ʰɲ}} || {{IPA|ʰŋ}}
|
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| {{IPA|mˠ}} || {{IPA|mʲ}}
| {{IPA|n̪ˠ}} ||
| || {{IPA|nʲ}}
| {{IPA|ɲ}} || {{IPA|ŋ}}
|
|-
!rowspan="3" | Stop<br/>/Affricate
!<small>plain</small>
| {{IPA|pˠ}} || {{IPA|pʲ}}
| {{IPA|t̪ˠ}} ||
| || {{IPA|tʲ}}
| {{IPA|c}} || {{IPA|k}}
| {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-
!<small>tense</small>
| {{IPA|pˠ˭}} || {{IPA|pʲ˭}}
| {{IPA|t̪ˠ˭}} ||
| || {{IPA|tʲ˭}}
| {{IPA|c˭}} || {{IPA|k˭}}
|
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| {{IPA|bˠ}} || {{IPA|bʲ}}
| {{IPA|d̪ˠ}} ||
| || {{IPA|dʲ}}
| {{IPA|ɟ}} || {{IPA|g}}
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!<small>voiceless</small>
| {{IPA|fˠ}} || {{IPA|fʲ}}
| {{IPA|θˠ}}  || {{IPA|θʲ}}
| {{IPA|sˠ}} || {{IPA|sʲ}}
| {{IPA|ç}} || {{IPA|x}}
| {{IPA|h}}
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| {{IPA|vˠ}} || {{IPA|vʲ}}
| {{IPA|ðˠ}} || {{IPA|ðʲ}}
| {{IPA|zˠ}} || {{IPA|zʲ}}
| {{IPA|j}} || {{IPA|ɣ}}
|
|-
!rowspan=2| Trill
!<small>voiceless</small>
| ||
| ||
| {{IPA|ʰrˠ}} || {{IPA|ʰrʲ}}
| ||
|
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| ||
| ||
| {{IPA|rˠ}} || {{IPA|rʲ}}
| ||
|
|-
!rowspan=2| Approximant
!<small>voiceless</small>
| ||
| {{IPA|ʰl̪ˠ}} ||
| || {{IPA|ʰlʲ}}
| ||
|
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| ||
| {{IPA|l̪ˠ}} ||
| || {{IPA|lʲ}}
| ||
|
|}


===Vowels===
''pl bl tl dl'' = /hl bl tl dl/
/a i o u aː eː iː oː uː iə uə/ '''a/ea i/oi/ui o u á/eá é í/aoi ó/eo ú/iú ia ua'''


===Finals===
''ph th tçh tsh txh ch kh qh bh dh jh gh'' = /f θ s (Basque s) ʃ ç x χ v ð j ɣ/
/p t k m n ŋ r j w/ {{angbr|''b d g m n l r dh/igh bh''}}
 
''phl bhl thl dhl'' /fl vl ɬ ɮ/
 
''np nt ntç nts ntx nc nk nq nb nd nj ng'' = /b d dz (voiced Basque ts) dʒ ɟ g ɢ m n ɲ ŋ/
 
''npl nbl ntl ndl'' /bl ml dl nl/
 
''f ç s x'' = /f s (Basque s) ʃ/
 
''nf nç ns nx'', also ''fh çh sh xh'' = /v z (voiced Basque s) ʒ/
 
===Rimes===
''a i ao u e o ee oo ai ei oi au eu ia ua'' = /a ɪ ɨ ʊ ɛ ɔ i u ai ei oi au eu iə uə/


===Tones===
===Tones===
Rising, mid, falling (á, à/unmarked, â)
9 tones:


Short vowels are toneless. (cf. "entering tone" in Middle Chinese)
*-Ø: mid level
*-ch: glottal stop final
*-s: low falling
*-r: low rising
*-gh: low breathy
*-mh: creaky
*-bh: mid rising
*-dh: high falling
*-n: high level


==Morphology==
==Grammar==
Ko is SVO and head-initial. Mutations often operate on a syntactic basis.
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
{{col-begin}}
plural word: ''yoo-L'' (placed after classifier but before noun)
{{col-break}}
===Pronouns===
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style=" text-align: center;"
*xan = I
! colspan="3" | Masculine definite mutations
*çeedh = you
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Def. nom.
| h-prothesis || lenition
|-
! Def. acc.
| eclipsis || h-prothesis
|-
! Def. gen.
| lenition || eclipsis
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Feminine definite mutations
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Def. nom.
| lenition || eclipsis
|-
! Def. acc.
| h-prothesis || lenition
|-
! Def. gen.
| eclipsis || h-prothesis
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Neuter definite mutations
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Def. nom.
| eclipsis || h-prothesis
|-
! Def. acc.
| lenition || eclipsis
|-
! Def. gen.
| h-prothesis || lenition
|}
{{col-end}}
 
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''gaoì'' 'tree' - masculine
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Def. nom.
| ''an '''g'''aoì'' || ''na '''gh'''aoì''
|-
! Def. acc.
| ''an '''ng'''aoì'' || ''na '''g'''aoì''
|-
! Def. gen.
| ''an '''gh'''aoì'' || ''na '''ng'''aoì''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''crùaigh'' 'thought' - feminine
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Def. nom.
| ''an '''chr'''ùaigh'' || ''na '''gcr'''ùaigh''
|-
! Def. acc.
| ''an '''cr'''ùaigh'' || ''na '''chr'''ùaigh''
|-
! Def. gen.
| ''an '''gcr'''ùaigh'' || ''na '''cr'''ùaigh''
|}
 
{{col-break}}
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''trú'' 'book' - neuter
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Def. nom.
| ''an '''dtr'''ú'' || ''na '''tr'''ú''
|-
! Def. acc.
| ''an '''thr'''ú'' || ''na '''dtr'''ú''
|-
! Def. gen.
| ''an '''tr'''ú'' || ''na '''thr'''ú''
|}
{{col-end}}


Compound words are head-final: ''sóng-truu'' = 'agenda book' (lit. 'check-book', i.e. a book that one checks)
===Classifiers===
Classifiers were historically a very open class. They always eclipse the following noun.


For indefinite nouns, attributive adjectives follow the noun and do not mutate: ''gai gau'' 'a tall tree/tall trees', ''truu gau'' 'a long book/long books'.
''lu'', ''tzagh'', ''hņoobh'', ''lees'', ''çua'', ''yaus'', ...


For definite nouns, attributive adjectives precede the noun and take the same mutation as the noun: ''an gau gai'' 'the tall tree', ''an n-gau dtruu'' 'the long book'
*lu = humans, gods
**''faon'' = a man; ''lu nfaon'' = the man (classifier ''lu'')
*tçagh = animals, demons
**''plaidh'' = a dog; ''tçagh nplaidh'' = the dog (classifier ''tçagh'')
**''tçagh Nja Ber Woch'' = a demon in Ko mythology
*hņoobh = tall objects such as trees, buildings
**''qo'' = a tree; ''hņoobh nqo'' the tree
*çua: infinitive
**''dor'' = is born; ''çua ndor'' = to be born (inf.)
*''lobh'': food, edible plants
*''zail'': inedible plants
*lees = nominalization, way of X-ing
**''doigh'' = 'to speak'; ''lees ndoigh'' 'language'
*In archaic language: fancy apparently ad-hoc classifiers for different animals and fruits (cf. English ''murder of crows'' except "murder" is a classifier)


===Verb phrase===
===Verbs===
Verbs do not inflect for subject agreement or tense; however, preverbal tense/discourse/connective markers trigger mutations on the verb. Unusually, connectives come immediately after the verb.
ba = subjunctive marker


Tense:
''Ba fhaomh-saigh le çeedh'' = If you like it
*present: no marker
**''seau'' /sɛ̄ːw/ = 'dies' (< AW ''zernen''), ''ec'' /ʔɛk/ = 'buys' (< AW ''eckern'')
*past: ''hyng'' + lenition (< AW ''schillen'' 'finish')
**''hyng sheau'' /hʏ̄ŋ hɛ̄ːw/ = 'died', ''hyng ec'' /hʏ̄ŋ ʔɛk/ = 'bought'
*future: ''ngéa'' + h-prothesis  ( < AW ''Đerz'' 'wish')
**''ngéa seau'' /ŋɛ́ː sɛ̄ːw/ = 'will die', ''ngéa h-ec'' /ŋɛ́ː hɛk/ 'will buy'


Connectives:
==Sample text==
*''zet'' + lenition: 'when' (< AW ''sätter'' 'eventually')
===Tower of Babel===
*''dài'' + eclipsis: 'because' (< AW ''deichen'')
:''Pugh çedh yaus nqar ņiamh tso txuabh çhaor aon lees ndoigh kiabh aon lees ntlair.''
*''ppaang'' + lenition < 'but, however' (''spaler'' 'unfortunately')
:CONJ in CLF world whole PST give only one CLF language and one CLF speak
:And in the whole world there was one language and one way of speaking.


Discourse markers:
:''Roomh lu yoo las jhugh dle [hyoch mhar], [ka nfemh] re txuabh tçhaoch ibh yaus [njo qiagh] Xi-Na, pugh re txuabh cheich hmoi nblaun.''
:when CLF PL person travel eastward then
:As the people moved eastward...


===Derivational morphology===
[[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Languages]]
*''ba-'' + lenition: verbalizer
**''ba-bhiiu'': 'nasalize' < ''biiu'' 'nose'
*''ga-'' + lenition: nominalizer
*''in-'': increments a verb's valency
*''sa-'' + lenition: decrements a verb's velency
[[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]][[Category:Pseudo-Celtic]]
IlL
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