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-{{list subpages}}
-'''Ciêng''' (''nă rhọb Chiểng'' from ''*nàh ròpàh cècéŋàh'') is a classical language of [[Verse:Méich Bhaonnáiqh]].
-Inspirations: Vietnamese, Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, Maltese (and Hmong?)
-== Phonology ==
-p t c k kħ q = /p t k q {{qeth}} ʔ/; ph th ch kh ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/
-m n ng; mh nh ngh = /m n ŋ; v{{nas}} (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/
-x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/
-b ƀ đ d y g ǥ għ = /v pˁ tˁ ð j ɣ (Eevo L) ayin/
-r l rh /r l (flap)/
-hm hn hng hr voiceless resonants
-i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; ie uo
-Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones
-tones: a á à ả ã ạ (mid~falling high low rising~dipping nga nang)
-=== Mutations ===
-# Lenition: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> mh ng ngh b d y g għ h 0 l rh
-# L-coloring: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> ƀ l ng ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ x l l r
-# Aspiration: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> hm hn hng ph th ch kh ħ s ph x hr
-== Proto-language ==
-vowels: i e a o u, short and long; each mora had high and low tones
-allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVh, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)
-Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs
-Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q{{adv}} q{{ret}} ʔ ʃ w l r j/
-Tone reflexes (' denotes stress):
-* If stressed ''syllable'' is short: 'á > á; 'à > à; 'á.á > ã; 'á.à > a; 'à.á > ả; 'à.à > ạ (This occurs before syncope)
-umlaut like in OIr
-== Morphology ==
-=== Nouns ===
-Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and have number (sg, du, pl), case (abs erg gen lat loc voc). Possessed forms have unpredictable stems and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms.
-The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".
-article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)
-==== Possessive prefixes ====
-sèmpèngàrán > sệpăngăr-N 'garment'
-hísèmpèngàrán-N > ispăngă-N 'my garment'
-=== Adjectives ===
-Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)
-=== Verbs ===
-Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes
-PCiêng lò.mát, ráh.làmát '3sg loves, 3sg does not love' --> lă:mád, ra:xảmhăd
-== Syntax ==
-VOS
-question particle să-L