User:MIGUELbM/Muna v2.11
Phonology
Consonants
| Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | Fortis | p | t | k | |
| Lenis | b | d | g | ||
| Nasal | n | ||||
| Fricative | ɸ | s | x | ||
| Approximant | j | w | |||
| Lateral Approximant | l | ||||
| Tap or Flap | ɾ | ||||
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Open | a | ɒ |
Phonotactics
Syllable structure
C1 (C2) (C3) V (C4) (C5)
Onset
- Any consonant
- Any plosive + /ɾ/
- Any fricative + /l/
- Any consonant except approximants + /j/
- Any plosive + /r/ + /j/
- Any fricative + /l/ + /j/
Nucleus
- Any vowel
Coda
- Word finally, any consonant except approximants
- Word finally, /r/ + any plosive
- Word finally, /l/ + any fricative
- Medially, /ɾ l n/ before any consonant except themselves
- Medially, /ɸ s x/ before plosives with same PoA
Synatx
Constructions
Basic sentence
A simple, declarative sentence has a subject, an object and a verb in that order.
- Mary-agt eggs-pat eat
- "Mary eats eggs."
Passive
Passive constructions are clauses in which the grammatical subject of an intransitive verb is the theme, patient or otherwise sufferer of the action. Passive constructions can be made by marking the subject of an intransitive verb with the patientive (pat) case.
- egg-pat hide-pst
- "The egg was hidden."
Anti-passive
The anti-passive voice indicates that the grammatical subject of the intransitive verb was an active actor or agent in the action. Anti-passive constructions mark the subject with the agentive (agt) case.
- John-agt back-loc to carry-pst
- "John carried [it] to the back."
Relatives
- Subject
- [late come-pst girl-agt]-agt teacher-pat at;appl yell-pst
- "The girl [who came late] yelled at the teacher."
- Object
- I-agt rose-pat [see-pst Kate-agt girl-pat]-dat give-pst
- "I gave a rose to the girl [that Kate saw]."
- Indirect object
- John-agt [to write-pst I-agt letter-pat girl-dat]-pat know
- "John knows the girl [I wrote a letter to]."
- Oblique
- I-agt [hit-pst robbers-agt john-gen head-pat rock-ins]-pat find-pst
- "I found the rock [which the robbers had hit John over the head with]."
- Genitive
- [dead-pst father-pat]-gen girl-agt I-pat she-agt sad to say-pst
- "The girl [whose father died] told me she was sad."