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User:MIGUELbM/Muna v2.9 (view source)

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→‎Verbs
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==Verbs==
==Verbs==
Verbs agree with the most active argument in both number and person.


===Phonotactic restrictions===
===Verb morphology===
Verbs can be conjugated for:
* Tense
** Past
** Present
** Future
* Polarity
** Positive
** Negative


Verbs in their infinitive form must end in one of the following patterns:
Coverbs may be used to mark:
* Aspect
** Gnomic
** Perfective
** Imperfective
** Ingressive
** Pausative
** Resumptive
** Egressive


*<code>-a</code>
* Mood
** Volitive
** Potential
** Conditional
** Imperative
*** Prohibitive


===Tense===
===Conjugations===


* <code>Past</code>
Verbs in Muna have three conjugations depending on the 'thematic vowel' of the verb (the nucleus of the penultimate syllable of the base form). Verbs are named based on the second person singular suffix.
* <code>Present</code>
* <code>Future</code>


===Aspect===
==== Ir-verbs ====
Ir-verbs are verbs whose thematic vowel is either <code>a</code> or <code>e</code> and are not preceded by <code>j</code>


* <code>Gnomic</code>
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
* <code>Perfective</code>
! rowspan="2" style="width:80px;" |
* <code>Imperfective</code>
! colspan="3" | Singular
* <code>Ingressive</code>
! colspan="3" | Plural
* <code>Pausative</code>
|-
* <code>Resumptive</code>
! style="width:60px;" | 1st
* <code>Egressive</code>
! style="width:60px;" | 2nd
! style="width:60px;" | 3rd
! style="width:60px;" | 1st
! style="width:60px;" | 2nd
! style="width:60px;" | 3rd
|-
! Infinitive
| colspan="6" | v-a
|-
! Past
| v-e
| colspan="2" | v-er
| v-ohan
| v-orn
| v-on
|-
! Present
| v-a
| colspan="2" | v-ar
| v-ahan
| v-arn
| v-an
|-
! Future
| v̝-i
| colspan="2" | v̝-ir
| v̝-ihan
| v̝-irn
| v̝-in
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" style="width:80px;" | <big>''hema''</big>
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! style="width:60px;" | 1st
! style="width:60px;" | 2nd
! style="width:60px;" | 3rd
! style="width:60px;" | 1st
! style="width:60px;" | 2nd
! style="width:60px;" | 3rd
|-
! Infinitive
| colspan="6" | hem'''a'''
|-
! Past
| hem'''e'''
| colspan="2" | hem'''er'''
| hem'''ohan'''
| hem'''orn'''
| hem'''on'''
|-
! Present
| hem'''a'''
| colspan="2" | hem'''ar'''
| hem'''ahan'''
| hem'''arn'''
| hem'''an'''
|-
! Future
| h'''i'''m'''i'''
| colspan="2" | h'''i'''m'''ir'''
| h'''i'''m'''ihan'''
| h'''i'''m'''irn'''
| h'''i'''m'''in'''
|}
 
==== -Air verbs ====
Air-verbs are verbs whose thematic vowel is either <code>a</code> or <code>e</code> and are preceded by <code>j</code>
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" style="width:80px;" |
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! style="width:60px;" | 1st
! style="width:60px;" | 2nd
! style="width:60px;" | 3rd
! style="width:60px;" | 1st
! style="width:60px;" | 2nd
! style="width:60px;" | 3rd
|-
! Infinitive
| colspan="6" | v-a
|-
! Past
| v-e
| colspan="2" | v-er
| v-ohan
| v-orn
| v-on
|-
! Present
| v-a
| colspan="2" | v-ar
| v-ahan
| v-arn
| v-an
|-
! Future
| v̙-i
| v̙-air
| v̙-ir
| v̙-aihan
| v̙-airn
| v̙-ain
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" style="width:80px;" | <big>''kjesta''</big>
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! style="width:60px;" | 1st
! style="width:60px;" | 2nd
! style="width:60px;" | 3rd
! style="width:60px;" | 1st
! style="width:60px;" | 2nd
! style="width:60px;" | 3rd
|-
! Infinitive
| colspan="6" | kjest'''a'''
|-
! Past
| kjest'''e'''
| colspan="2" | kjest'''er'''
| kjest'''ohan'''
| kjest'''orn'''
| kjest'''on'''
|-
! Present
| kjest'''a'''
| colspan="2" | kjest'''ar'''
| kjest'''ahan'''
| kjest'''arn'''
| kjest'''an'''
|-
! Future
| kj'''o'''st'''i'''
| kj'''o'''st'''air'''
| kj'''o'''st'''ir'''
| kj'''o'''st'''aihan'''
| kj'''o'''st'''airn'''
| kj'''o'''st'''ain'''
|}


===Mood===
==== -Asir verbs ====
Asir-verbs are verbs whose thematic vowel is not <code>a</code> nor <code>e</code>


Mood is indicated by a dependent adverb.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" style="width:80px;" |
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! style="width:60px;" | 1st
! style="width:60px;" | 2nd
! style="width:60px;" | 3rd
! style="width:60px;" | 1st
! style="width:60px;" | 2nd
! style="width:60px;" | 3rd
|-
! Infinitive
| colspan="6" | -a
|-
! Past
| -as
| -aser
| -ase
| -ahon
| colspan="2" | -aron
|-
! Present
| -a
| -asar
| -asa
| -ahan
| colspan="2" | -aran
|-
! Future
| -ai
| -asir
| -asi
| -aihan
| colspan="2" | -airan
|}


===Dependency structure===


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
| rowspan="2" style="padding: 4px 15px;" | Adverb
! rowspan="2" style="width:80px;" | <big>''runa''</big>
| rowspan="2" style="padding: 4px 15px;" | Tense
! colspan="3" | Singular
| rowspan="2" style="padding: 4px 15px;" | Modifier
! colspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | Verb
|-
! style="width:60px;" | 1st
! style="width:60px;" | 2nd
! style="width:60px;" | 3rd
! style="width:60px;" | 1st
! style="width:60px;" | 2nd
! style="width:60px;" | 3rd
|-
! Infinitive
| colspan="6" | run'''a'''
|-
! Past
| run'''as'''
| run'''aser'''
| run'''ase'''
| run'''ahon'''
| colspan="2" | run'''aron'''
|-
! Present
| run'''a'''
| run'''asar'''
| run'''asa'''
| run'''ahan'''
| colspan="2" | run'''aran'''
|-
|-
| style="padding: 4px 15px;" | Root
! Future
| style="padding: 4px 15px;" | Aspect
| run'''ai'''
| run'''asir'''
| run'''asi'''
| run'''aihan'''
| colspan="2" | run'''airan'''
|}
|}


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