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'''Rõktiap''' | '''Rõktiap''' | ||
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== | ==Todo== | ||
add some Korean phonological influences? like final devoicing | |||
Rõktiap -> dative: Rõktiabel | |||
fewer CVC syllables / more CVCV... words | |||
maybe even stop+nasal -> nasal+nasal (could be in the Zienruol dialect?) | |||
< | ==Gibberish== | ||
<poem> | |||
Kkiasi ngõipma siimno nrup giis tre. Ngaimttel mroos qiim mrästrun sõõn ᴋᴋaapkõõns ȝuum? Kein mõelnarken ʜeipnõn ȝaes ȝuum quas riip drun qeik sõins priis tre. Sõeptoo dios ngääl ʜontrun qua. Ziupma ttiis rusnõs ɢõel qiupken ȝuum. | |||
</poem> | |||
==Phonology== | |||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
Rõktiap uses a syllabic alphabet called ''Rõktiapma Rõethar'' [r̝ɤktʰi̯ɒpmɒ r̝ɤɜthɒr̝̥], which resembles Hangul. | Rõktiap uses a syllabic alphabet called ''Rõktiapma Rõethar'' [r̝ɤktʰi̯ɒpmɒ r̝ɤɜthɒr̝̥ ~ ʒɤktʰi̯ɒpmɒ ʒɤɜthɒʃː], which resembles Hangul. The same script is used for a modern descendant called Zienruol, but not for Hʻõelmriusi, another modern descendant, which uses the Rietz alphabet. | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
Nouns inflect for case and number. There are two numbers, the singular, which is unmarked, and the plural, which uses the suffix -''i'' for nouns ending in ''s'' and -''s'' otherwise. For example: | |||
* ''qiim'' (flower), ''qiims'' (flowers) | |||
* ''ᴋol'' (language), ''ᴋols'' (languages) | |||
* ''ʜeik'' (shark), ''ʜeiks'' (sharks) | |||
* ''lias'' (mound), ''liasi'' (mounds) | |||
* ''ttões'' (beaver), ''ttõesi'' (beavers) | |||
There are 18 cases in Rõktiap: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Case !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
| Nominative || qiim || qiims | |||
|- | |||
| Accusative || qiimken || qiimsken | |||
|- | |||
| Genitive || qiimma || qiimsma | |||
|- | |||
| Dative || qiimtoo || qiimstoo | |||
|- | |||
| Instrumental || qiimtrun || qiimstrun | |||
|- | |||
| Equative || qiimttin || qiimsttin | |||
|- | |||
| Adessive || qiimnõs || qiimsnõs | |||
|- | |||
| Ablative || qiimnõn || qiimsnõn | |||
|- | |||
| Illative || qiimbo || qiimsbo | |||
|- | |||
| Inessive || qiimhos || qiimshos | |||
|- | |||
| Elative || qiimhon || qiimshon | |||
|- | |||
| Sublative || qiimzaat || qiimszaat | |||
|- | |||
| Superessive || qiimʜes || qiimsʜes | |||
|- | |||
| Delative || qiimʜen || qiimsʜen | |||
|- | |||
| Translative || qiimttel || qiimsttel | |||
|- | |||
| Benefactive || qiimro || qiimsro | |||
|- | |||
| Causal || qiimkõns || qiimskõns | |||
|- | |||
| Terminative || qiimᴋip || qiimsᴋip | |||
|} | |||
===Pronouns=== | |||
The first person and second person pronouns are ''dii'' and ''kein'', which pluralize to ''diis'' and ''keins''. | |||
Here are the other pronouns: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
Verbs | ! Pronoun !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |||
| Animate proximate || kir || kirs | |||
|- | |||
| Inanimate proximate || käl || käls | |||
|- | |||
| Obviative || za || zas | |||
|- | |||
| Animate interrogative || põi || põis | |||
|- | |||
| Inanimate interrogative || pel || pels | |||
|- | |||
| Animate relative || sum || sums | |||
|- | |||
| Inanimate relative || suul || suuls | |||
|} | |||
==Verbs== | |||
[To be revised] | |||
There are only two verbs in Rõktiap: ''qua'' (to do) and ''tre'' (to be). These are extremely irregular, and ''tre'' is defective in that it doesn't have progressive forms: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Simple !! Progressive !! Perfect | |||
|- | |||
| Past || ''ȝuum'' || ''ȝuon'' || ''ȝiums drun'' | |||
|- | |||
| Present || '''qua''' || ''quan'' || ''ȝiums tre'' | |||
|- | |||
| Future || ''uᴋor'' || ''uᴋõn'' || ''ȝiums nrup'' | |||
|} | |||
-- | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |||
! !! Simple !! Perfect | |||
|- | |||
| Past || ''drun'' || ''triis drun'' | |||
|- | |||
| Present || '''tre''' || ''triis tre'' | |||
|- | |||
| Future || ''nrup'' || ''triis nrup'' | |||
|} | |||
Rõktiap often relies on circumlocutions for many verbs that can't be translated directly from English: | |||
:'''''Dii·nõn kein·too ttos tre.''''' | |||
:1SG.ABL 2SG.DAT love be.PRES | |||
:''I love you.'' | |||
:'''''Ttões·ma ʜõip·s·hos qiup qiim tre.''''' | |||
:beaver.GEN eye.PL.INESS one flower be.PRES | |||
:''The beaver sees a flower.'' | |||
:'''''Buot·no·ma ɢaim·s·bo qiup säi ʜeik ȝuum.''''' | |||
:brain.AGENT.GEN hand.PL.ILL one big shark do.PAST | |||
:''The scholar caught a big shark.'' | |||
:'''''Hʻeik ngiäl·ttel ȝuum, qeik buotno "Quõi"·ttin drun.''''' | |||
:shark earth-TRANSL do.PAST, CONJ scholar "Wow".EQU be.PAST | |||
:''The shark died, and the scholar said "Wow".'' | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Rõktiap is almost completely head-final, except for complementizer phrases, such as those using the word | Rõktiap is almost completely head-final, except for complementizer phrases, such as those using the word ''lo'' (whether, interrogative marker) and ''met'' (if), which are head-initial. | ||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
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[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Languages]] | ||