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Vadi: Difference between revisions
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
Vadi is an analytic language and has very few affixes, but even these have been determined by some linguists as clitics. Their status as bound clitics versus unbound morphemes remains unclear, but those that indicate position or direction continue to be represented as clitics in glosses, following J.F. Schumann's practice. | Vadi is an analytic language and has very few bound affixes, but even these have been determined by some linguists as clitics. Their status as bound clitics versus unbound morphemes remains unclear, but those that indicate position or direction continue to be represented as clitics in glosses, following J.F. Schumann's practice. | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
====Number==== | |||
Number exhibits a two-way distinction in nouns: singular and non-singular. Singular number is explicitly marked with the determiner ''han/ha'', while plural and collectives are unmarked. Nouns beginning with a vowel are preceded by the allomorph ''han'', while ''ha'' appears before nouns beginning with a consonant. | |||
===Case | ====Case==== | ||
Five postpositional morphemes have been identified: | Five postpositional morphemes have been identified: | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = Júla kilái kileva mana nai, ukan hen! | |phrase = Júla kilái kileva ha mana nai, ukan hen! | ||
| IPA = | | IPA = | ||
| morphemes = ji-úla kilái kil=eva mana nai ukan hen | | morphemes = ji-úla kilái kil=eva ha mana nai ukan hen | ||
| gloss = 1S.NOM+2S.ACC.GEN heart house=LOC go FUT wreak.havok EMPH | | gloss = 1S.NOM+2S.ACC.GEN heart SG house=LOC go FUT wreak.havok EMPH | ||
| translation = I will enter your house and ruin you! | | translation = I will enter your house and ruin you! | ||
}} | }} | ||
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| translation = Meat, I shall buy (some). | | translation = Meat, I shall buy (some). | ||
}} | }} | ||
===Pronouns=== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
! Person | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! First | |||
| ji | |||
| jita | |||
|- | |||
! Second | |||
| úla | |||
| ulta | |||
|- | |||
! Third | |||
| kani | |||
| kanta | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Portmanteau forms exist for the singular pronouns: | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | Agent | |||
! rowspan="2" | Person | |||
! colspan="3" | Patient | |||
|- | |||
! First | |||
! Second | |||
! Third | |||
|- | |||
! First | |||
| -- | |||
| júla | |||
| jáni | |||
|- | |||
! Second | |||
| uláji | |||
| -- | |||
| uláni | |||
|- | |||
! Third | |||
| kaji | |||
| kula | |||
| káni | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Adjectives=== | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
===Derivation=== | ===Derivation=== | ||