|
|
Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| :[[Tumacan/Lexicon]]
| |
|
| |
|
| '''Tumacan''' is the most grammatically conservative surviving descendant of [[Old Eevo]]; it's spoken in the island nation of [[Verse:Tricin/Tumaca|Tumaca]] (''Ṭûṃaqa'').
| |
|
| |
| ==Idea==
| |
| "Hiberno-Arabic" aesthetic (emphatic vs. palatalized; predominantly a á i í u ú; weight-sensitive stress; no gemination, tho).
| |
|
| |
| *Epenthesize initial clusters. Ex. Then. ''briHants'' > OEe ''bríonga, in bhríonga'' > Tum ''barînga, am-varînga'' "bivalve mollusk"
| |
|
| |
| *Final -ach becomes -ah as in [[Eevo]].
| |
|
| |
| Consonants
| |
|
| |
| ṗ p ḅ b ṃ m f̣ f ṿ v ṭ t ḍ d ṣ s ṣ z q ch g j kh sh gh y ng ñ ħ h ḷ l ṛ r ṇ n
| |
| ẓ
| |
| Vowels:
| |
|
| |
| a â i î u û ê ô ay aw
| |
|
| |
| Stress falls on the last long vowel. If there is no long vowel, stress is initial.
| |
|
| |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| ==Morphology==
| |
| ===Pronouns===
| |
| ===Nouns===
| |
| ====Cases====
| |
| Two numbers:
| |
| *singular
| |
| *plural
| |
|
| |
| Each of these two numbers have the following forms:
| |
| *nominative absolute
| |
| *genitive absolute
| |
| *construct
| |
| ====Definite article and its mutations====
| |
| The definite article is ''an-'' in both numbers; it becomes ''am-''/''aṃ-'' before a labial and ''ang-'' before a dorsal.
| |
|
| |
| masculine (eclipsis): ''toṁair'' > ''ṭuṿar'' 'a knot'; ''in ⁿtoṁair'' > ''an-ḍuṿar'' 'the knot'
| |
|
| |
| feminine (lenition): ''dé'' 'a female animal' > ''dê'' 'a cow'; ''in ḋé'' 'the female animal' > ''an-zê'' 'the cow'
| |
|
| |
| neuter: ''blann'' > ''ḅaḷâṇ'' 'a room'; ''in blann'' > ''aṃ-ḅaḷâṇ'' 'the room'
| |
|
| |
| ===Adjectives===
| |
| ===Verbs===
| |
| ====b-prothesis====
| |
| This is used when the verb has a definite direct object.
| |
|
| |
| It is realized as:
| |
| *lenition when the verb begins in a lenitable consonant
| |
| *b- when the verb begins in a vowel
| |
|
| |
| qâ ang-khawṇ = the woman eats
| |
|
| |
| khâ ang-khawṇ = it eats the woman
| |
|
| |
| ====Present====
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''an''' = I thank
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ar''' = thou thankest
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''am''' = he thanks
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ê''' = she thanks
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''∅''' = it thanks, [noun] thanks
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''amah''' = we (exc.) thank
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ad''' = we (inc.) thank
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ah''' = ye thank
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''av''' = they thank
| |
|
| |
| ====Imperfect====
| |
| *ṃuṃaḷ-'''an''' = I would thank
| |
| *ṃuṃaḷ-'''ar''' = thou wouldst thank
| |
| *ṃuṃaḷ-'''an''' = he would thank
| |
| *ṃuṃaḷ-'''ê''' = she would thank
| |
| *ṃuṃaḷ-'''∅''' = it would thank, [noun] would thank
| |
| *ṃuṃaḷ-'''amah''' = we (exc.) would thank
| |
| *ṃuṃaḷ-'''ad''' = we (inc.) would thank
| |
| *ṃuṃaḷ-'''ah''' = ye would thank
| |
| *ṃuṃaḷ-'''av''' = they would thank
| |
| ====Preterite====
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''az''' = I thanked
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''î''' = thou thankedst
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''âm''' = he thanked
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''âs''' = she thanked
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''â''' = it thanked, [noun] thanked
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''amaṛ''' = we (exc.) thanked
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''adaṛ''' = we (inc.) thanked
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''akhaṛ''' = ye thanked
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''azaṛ''' = they thanked
| |
|
| |
| ====Future====
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ṭan''' = I shall thank
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ṭar''' = thou wilt thank
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ṭam''' = he will thank
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ṭê''' = she will thank
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ṭ''' = it will thank, [noun] will thank
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ṭamah''' = we (exc.) shall thank
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ṭad''' = we (inc.) shall thank
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ṭah''' = ye will thank
| |
| *ṃuḷ-'''ṭav''' = they will thank
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Tricin]]
| |
| [[Category:Talmic languages]]
| |