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[[File:TEB.png|thumbnail|The countries of the BETAL (Talma, [[Etalocin]], and [[Bjeheond]]) area]]
[[File:Bitaleta.png|thumbnail|The countries of the Bitaleta (Talma, [[Etalocin]], and [[Bjeheond]]) area]]


:''The similarity of the name to the Terran composer Louise Talma is coincidental.''
:''The similarity of the name to the Terran composer Louise Talma is coincidental.''


'''Talma''' ([[Skellan]]: ''Talma'' /tʰãmə/, from [[Windermere]] ''Tălma'' /təlˈma/, from ''tăle ăma'' 'mother land') is a (culturally-defined) continent of the conplanet [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. It is actually the northwestern portion of a landmass called Eta-Talma (Windermere: ''Eta-Tălma''), the southern part of which is [[Verse:Tricin/Etalocin|Etalocin]]. [[Verse:Tricin/Bjeheond|Bjeheond]] is located to the south of Talma.
'''Talma''' ([[Skellan]]: ''Talma'' /t̪ʰãmə/, from [[Naeng]] ''Tălma'' /təlˈmɒ/, from ''tăle ăma'' 'mother land'; [[Netagin]]: ''Talma'') is a cultural region of the conplanet [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. It is actually the northwestern portion of a landmass called Eta-Talma (Windermere: ''Eta-Tălma''). The southern part of Eta-Talma is [[Verse:Tricin/Etalocin|Etalocin]], which is separated from Talma by the Venlafaxin Mountains. [[Verse:Tricin/Bjeheond|Bjeheond]] is located to the south of Talma separated by the Naeng Sea.


==Todo==
==Todo==
Talma should have a couple more languages that are not Standard Average Talman (Idavic or an isolate)
* [[Swuntsim]] is one, kinda Chinese-y syntax (/ɬ/ is not SAT, oddly enough for a Celto-Semitic inspired region!)
* Häskä should be Austronesian grammar wisw
* Ouřefr --- Czecho-Dutch may be a promising idea


==History==
==History==
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===Windermere Empire===
===Windermere Empire===


===Grouidite Revolution and aftermath===
===Jeodganite Revolution and aftermath===
A major war broke out about 80 years after the publication of Grouid's manifesto.
A major war broke out about 80 years after the publication of Jeodgan's manifesto.


===Post-Revolution===
===Post-Revolution===


==Geography and climate==
==Geography and climate==
Talma is located 30°N - 65°N and has a temperate climate. A natural barrier separates it from Etalocin.
Talma is located 35°N - 65°N and has a temperate climate. A natural barrier separates it from Etalocin.


Isolated areas:
Isolated areas:
*Bhadhagha Island
*Skella is a peninsula separated by a mountain range
*Nūrē
*The Tumacas
*Qaaroshter
*Skella (to an extent)


==Economy==
==Economy==


==Languages==
==Languages==
The following language families are represented in Etalocin:
Linguistic areas:
*Talma (head-initial, more analytic)
**Nurian area
***Aspiration and gemination
***Small vowel system with palatalization
***More synthetic
**Continental Talman Linguistic Area
***Split-ergativity
***Initial consonant clusters
***Large vowel system (not Amphirese)
***l vocalizes
***VSO order
***Head-marking in possessive NPs, with construct state or 3rd person possessive marking
***Grammatical mutation
===Modern Talman languages===
===Modern Talman languages===
These are some modern Talman languages:
These are some modern Talman languages:
*[[Talmic]]
*[[Talmic]]
**Skellan
**[[Scellan]]
**Snachian
**[[Anbirese]]
**Anbirese
**[[Ciètian]]
**Jiazuorian
**[[Qazhrian]]
**Qazhrian
** Another Qazhric language?
**Nurian
*[[Lakovic]]
**Roshterian
**[[Naeng]]
*Lakovic
*** Tergetian langs
**Windermere
****[[Trây]]
**Tergetian
****[[Sătmașian]]
**Häskä
****[[Pradiul]]
*Tsimulh
****[[Tsăloșian]]
**[[Swutsim]]
**[[Tseer]]
*Palkhan
**[[Häskä]]
*[[Tsimulh]]
**[[Swuntsim]]
*[[Idavic]]
** [[Ouřefr]]
 
Of these, [[Anbirese]] and [[Pradiul]] are the most spoken languages. Many modern Talmans, especially Talmic speakers, speak [[Skellan]] as a second language. [[Swuntsim]] is spoken by some people in the minority Swuntsim ethnicity.
 
==Holidays==
Here are some common holidays celebrated in Talman and Bjeheondian-derived cultures.
====''Sarðbyçán''====
Traditionally, the ''Sarðbyçán'' (Spring Equinox; Windermere: ''Păchan Șer'') holiday was celebrated in Talman paganism in order to bring good harvest for the year.


Of these, Amphirese and Tergetian are the most spoken languages. Many modern Talmans, especially Talmic speakers, speak Skellan as a second language. Swutsim is spoken by some people in the minority Swutsim ethnicity.
For the Spring Equinox holiday, there are foods that use lightly-flavored mushrooms, along with other spring herbs and other "bright"/tart-flavored ingredients.
 
====''Bleesi''====
Bleesi has its origins in the Tigol "festival of horns".
====''Sdahnsa''====
Sdahnsa (Windermere: ''Stansa'', from [[Tigol]] ''Sdannasa'' 'gathering') is the celebration of the harvest.
 
Foods:
*Ripe autumn fruits and berries, Spices
 
====''Xiðaf''====
Xiðaf (Windermere: ''Șidaf''), meaning "remembrance [of the dead]", is the fasting period in Ngronaism, especially Mărotłism. A more restrictive diet is followed for the month of Çatxiðaf until Vinwr 1, which is Bwrjadraig or Winter Solstice. The fasting is explained as mental preparation for scarcity of winter and remembering the loved ones who died.
 
====''Bwrjadraig''====
Falling on Vinwr 1, ''Bwrjadraig'' ([[Eevo]]; 'winter solstice'; [[Windermere]]: ''hălăhing srel'') is a holiday which emphasizes resolve to survive and live, remembrance of those who have died, as well as hope for a future better than now.


==Society==
==Society==
Talma boasts a robust tradition of intellectual activity in the sciences, philosophy, and music. However, Talman society is a highly stratified meritocracy, which historically caused considerable friction between social classes.
Talma boasts a robust tradition of intellectual activity in the sciences, philosophy, and music. However, Talman society historically was a highly stratified meritocracy, which historically caused considerable friction between social classes.


Historically the social cost of nonconformity was quite severe. Crimes were punished harshly. Legally, the most common punishments were exile, imprisonment and forced labor but often the criminals were tortured, castrated, or executed, in addition to public shaming.
Historically the social cost of nonconformity was quite severe. Crimes were punished harshly. Legally, the most common punishments were exile, imprisonment and forced labor but often the criminals were tortured, castrated, or executed, in addition to public shaming.
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====Apprenticeships====
====Apprenticeships====


===Modern education===<!--
===Modern education===
The following applies broadly to Talma as well as societies founded by Talman settlers, such as [[Verse:Tricin/Fyxoom|Fyxoom]].
The following applies broadly to Talma as well as societies founded by Talman settlers, such as [[Verse:Tricin/Fyxoom|Fyxoom]].
====Primary and secondary education====
====Primary and secondary education====
Teaching basic literacy, arithmetic and finance, and inculcation of liberal values (which is a part of how Ngronaism is interpreted today), are considered the most important function of public education.
[...]
 
Since education in higher levels is much more fragmented and stratified, primary school curriculum is standardized and efforts are made to cultivate a sense of empathy towards people of other backgrounds in primary school. (A child may test out of the literacy and math requirements.) [[Verse:Tricin/Ngronaism|The civic religion]] is taught with lessons about history, literature, and philosophy.
 
Secondary school is less determined. There are topics such as sex education and more Ngronaism lessons which are mandatory (in time for adolescence), but secondary schools are otherwise free to develop their own curricula.
 
Some public secondary schools offer more specialized curricula in the sciences, arts or the humanities, geared towards students who wish to enter universities (see below). For illustration, this is a typical modern Etalocian science school math curriculum:
 
*Geometry, equations and functions
*Calculus (one-variable and multivariable)
*Ordinary differential equations
*Probability and statistics; combinatorics
*Linear algebra.


Lastly, traditional-style private boarding schools still exist.
Lastly, traditional-style private boarding schools still exist.
====Higher education====
====Higher education====
=====Apprenticeships and trade schools=====
Humanities in science degrees, Naquian style
Apprenticeship, which is highly decentralized, attempts to teach skills directly relevant to a career path that a person wishes to enter; most of the time it leads directly to internships or jobs. Trade schools attempt to scale up this apprenticeship process, and have historical origins in apprenticeships.
 
Apprenticeships include:
* training for most jobs in the sciences (in Tricin, this notion includes psychology and economics) such as coding, lab technician, ...
* training for musicians
* training for pink collar jobs such as nursing/social work/therapy/sex work.
* teacher schools, for primary and secondary school teachers
 
=====Professional schools=====
Medical, law, dentistry, pharmacy, psychiatry, engineering schools.
 
=====Universities=====
Universities are considered appropriate only for those who aim to eventually enter research or teaching in higher education, or those who simply wish to undertake a particularly intense study of a subject. Only 5% (fT 2453) of Anøvrians and 5.3% (fT 2456) of Fyxoomians are university students or graduates. Enrollment requires an entrance exam.
 
For illustration, this is what a curriculum for a modern (~fT 2460) undergraduate pure math student might look like (roughly corresponds to upper undergraduate and early graduate courses at our universities):
 
1st year
*Writing proofs
*Combinatorics
*Elementary number theory
*Probability
*Formal linear algebra
2nd year
*Abstract algebra (Groups, rings, modules, fields, Galois theory)
*Real analysis (Axiomatic calculus)
*Point-set topology
*PDEs
*Complex analysis
3rd year
*Real analysis (Lebesgue measure and integration)
*Differential geometry
*Algebraic topology
4th year
*Advanced number theory
*Category theory/Mathematical logic
*A capstone course, involving independent study of a topic (if the student wishes to graduate in their 4th year, instead of continuing into graduate studies)
-->


==Art==
==Art==
===Visual art===
Non-representational art based on geometrical patterns predominates, such as tiling patterns and creating various shapes by cutting and folding paper.
===Literature===
===Literature===
===Theater===
===Theater===
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====Gardens====
====Gardens====
Gardens are highly valued in Talman culture. They may be based on "natural balancing" or based on intricate patterns.


===Fashion===
===Fashion===
====Vegetarian fashion====
====Vegetarian or vegan fashion====
Mostly consists of cotton
Mostly consists of cotton


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==Technology==
==Technology==
Modern Trician technology is more advanced than ours.
Modern Talman and Fyxoomian technology is more advanced than ours. Almost all cars are electric, and solar, wind, hydrogen and thorium energy are the main energy sources. Fossil fuels are still used for airplanes.


==Cuisine==
==Cuisine==
Vegetarian cuisine has been backed by various ethical philosophies that prohibit either killing or inflicting suffering on animals. Some form of vegetarianism is common among Etalocians; however, vegetarians are less common among lower classes.
Vegetarian cuisine has been advocated by various ethical philosophies that prohibit either killing or inflicting suffering on animals. Some form of vegetarianism is common among modern Etalocians. Talman vegetarianism usually allows at most one of:
*milk
*eggs
*insects, seafood and fish
 
Vegetarians are fairly evenly distributed among all social classes. Being a morally contentious issue, cuisine has been a subject of cultural conflict and even wars over Talman history.
 
Veganism is a modern invention, after the invention of factory farming and synthetic vitamin B12; it is more common for more affluent people to be vegan.  


Using umami ingredients such as seaweeds and mushrooms, and herbs and spices is common to make up for the lack of meat.
Using umami ingredients such as seaweeds and mushrooms, and herbs and spices is common to make up for the lack of meat.
==Religion and civic religion==
 
==Religion==
Note that ''religion'' is largely a translation convention. Folk religion, or people making up religions, is common.
Note that ''religion'' is largely a translation convention. Folk religion, or people making up religions, is common.
===Mainstream===
===Mainstream===
:''Main article: [[Verse:Tricin/Talma/Religion and philosophy]]
The two main Talman religions are [[Verse:Tricin/Mărotłism|Mărotłism]] and [[Verse:Tricin/Ngronaism|Ngronaism]].


===Swutsim===
===Swuntsim===
:''Main article: [[Verse:Tricin/Swutsimism]]''
:''Main article: [[Verse:Tricin/Swuntsimism]]''
==Politics==
===Cuisine culture war===


==Notable figures==
==Notable figures==
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TODO: more Amphirese, Yekhanese, Qazhrians, Phormatians, Chthryxians, ...
TODO: more Amphirese, Yekhanese, Qazhrians, Phormatians, Chthryxians, ...
*Yăchahf '''rith-Ătsa''' - Windermere physician who verified germ theory of disease
*Yăchef '''rith-Ătsa''' - Windermere physician who verified germ theory of disease
*pseudo-[???] - group of ancient Tergetian mathematicians, authors of the ''Brøøhad Manuscript'' which is the first text to mention negative numbers, complex numbers and algebra
*pseudo-[???] - group of ancient Tergetian mathematicians, authors of the ''Brøøhad Manuscript'' which is the first text to mention negative numbers, complex numbers and algebra
*[???] - Tergetian astronomer, developed the heliocentric model of planetary motion
*[???] - Tergetian astronomer, developed the heliocentric model of planetary motion
*Jissarāφom = Windermere geometer, described Euclidean geometry in 2- and 3-dimensional Euclidean space; his work appears in Thensarian translation
*Jissarāφom = Windermere geometer, described Euclidean geometry in 2- and 3-dimensional Euclidean space; his work appears in Thensarian translation
*Snoeδiret '''Aecsarbē''' - [[Thensarian]] mathematician, who first approximated ''π'' to 96 base-12 places (~ 104 decimal places)
*Snoeδiret '''Aecsarbē''' - [[Thensarian]] mathematician, who first approximated ''π'' to 96 base-12 places (~ 104 decimal places)
*Toφaomerom - ancient [[Tamilserotin|Clofabic]] orator
A series of natural disasters strikes Talma and sets off the "Warring States Period".
A series of natural disasters strikes Talma and sets off the "Warring States Period".
*Tsăhong '''Tămdi''' - composer, physicist and mathematician who wrote [[Literature:Elements of Harmony|''Elements of Harmony'']], which has the first known mention of harmonic series; the just ratios generated by a given set of primes
*Tsăhongtămdi - composer, physicist and mathematician who wrote [[Literature:Elements of Harmony|''Elements of Harmony'']], which has the first known mention of harmonic series; the just ratios generated by a given set of primes
*Rith-Mărotł - Windermere statesman, philosopher, and political theorist
*Rith-Mărotł - Windermere statesman, philosopher, and political theorist
*Hădech fa-Angcem - Windermere naturalist who deduced the theory of biological evolution from Nurian wildlife which was similar but different than wildlife of continental Talma.
*Hădech Angcem - Windermere naturalist who deduced the theory of biological evolution from Pategian wildlife which was similar but different than wildlife of continental Talma.
**This sets off a theological crisis.
*Báñas '''Gnachat''' = a [[Tigol]]-language poet, supposedly was a lesbian.
*Fosean '''fat-Tsarir''' - Windermere chemist, physicist
**the namesake for the Eevo word for "lesbian", ''gnahadol''
*Ăchmu '''far-Rothap''' - Windermere geometer, physicist and engineer
*Fosean '''Tsarir''' - Windermere chemist, physicist
*Răngeay '''Bănof''' - Windermere physicist and mathematician who invented calculus
*Ichmu '''fa-Rothap''' - Windermere geometer, physicist and engineer
[The Revolutiom]
*Răngeay '''Pănof''' - Windermere physicist and mathematician who invented calculus
*Emisom '''Grouid''' - [[Amphirese]] poet
[The Revolution]
*Tăbich '''Vaseng''' - [[Windermere]] mathematician who worked on complex analysis, discovered Riemann zeta function
*Jemisam '''Jeodgan''' - [[Amphirese]] poet
*Aodhàn '''Càdlàg''' - [[Bhlaoighne]] mathematician (worked on real and functional analysis)
*Sngü '''Pde''' - [[Windermere]] physicist
*Tăbich '''Waseng''' - [[Windermere]] mathematician who worked on complex analysis, discovered Riemann zeta function
*(Amphirese poets and writers)
*(Amphirese poets and writers)
*Stuthil '''Alcphe''' - [[Verse:Tricin/Amphir|Amphirese]] writer
*Stuthil '''Alcphe''' - [[Verse:Tricin/Amphir|Amphirese]] writer
*Astęras '''Sawmeter''' - [[Verse:Tricin/Amphir|Amphirese]] inventor  
*Astęras '''Sawmeter''' - [[Verse:Tricin/Amphir|Amphirese]] inventor  
*Jakkiūrą '''Uffanasseh''' - [[Nurian]] economist
*Axtxo '''Byjah''' - Sfətsiv-Fyxoomian writer
*Axtxo '''Byjah''' - Sfətsiv-Fyxoomian writer
*Ilsá '''Josive''' - Skellan geometer
*Ilsá '''Josive''' - Skellan geometer
*[[Verse:Sduþel Bolltind|Sduþel '''Bolltind''']] - [[Verse:Tricin/Skella|Skellan]] linguist, discovered [[Roshterian]]
*[[Verse:Sduþel Bolltind|Sduþel '''Bolltind''']] - [[Verse:Tricin/Skella|Skellan]] linguist, discovered [[Roshterian]]
*Tzintve '''Vitzyza''' - Sfətsiv-Amphirese linguist, discovered [[Sjowaazhéñ]]
*Tzintve '''Vitzyza''' - Sfətsiv-Amphirese linguist, discovered [[Sowaár]]
*Alg '''Geom''' - [[Anbirese]] algebraic geometer
*Rewhd '''Gneevon''' - writer
*Rewhd '''Gneevon''' - writer
*Çela '''Jaivon''' - Skellan fantasy writer and conlanger, Tricin's Tolkien figure
*Çela '''Jaivon''' - Skellan fantasy writer and conlanger, Tricin's Tolkien figure


[[Category:Tricin]]
[[Category:Tricin]]
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