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'''Netagin''' (''barīts Natāgīn'') is a triconsonantal language inspired by Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic, spoken in Western Cuadhlabh. This page describes Ancient Netagin.
=Ancient literature=
==Todo==
*Ancient Talmic, Windermere etc. epics
*final -ʔ to block initial seimhiu in descendants
*Tracts describing religious rituals such as hand-washing
*need more binyanim
*Sondmoridh Manuscripts
*The Ngăthoar


===Roots===
=Gweats literature=
*''n-t-g'': ???
=Fnüeng literature=
*''r-s-d'': study
*''z-ʔ-r'': go
*''k-d-d'': fly
*''w-r-š'': love


==Phonology==
=Classical Period literature=
===Ancient Netagin===
*Emisom Grouid's translations and poetry
Ancient Netagin had the following consonants:
*Lesch Mltzhyphe's tragedies
*Etsoj Jopah's poetry
*Alice in Wonderland/Proto-Hofstadterian stuff


m n ŋ
=Romantic literature=
t tˁ k ʔ
*Industrial revolution, some of its harms
b d g
**Two opposing camps: one favors returning to preindustrial society and one favors more tech and social development to fix problems
f s ts ɬ tɬ ʃ ħ h
z ʕ
w r j


{{angbr|'''m n ŋ t ṭ c ʔ b d g f s ts ś tś š ħ h z ȝ w r y'''}}
==Horror and science fiction==
 
In Talma, horror literature first took off in Amphir during the Romantic period and its literary influence spread to Skella and Fyxoom, which developed it into Lovecraft-esque science fiction literature. Horror literature also greatly influenced [[Verse:Tricin/Talma/Music|Talman classical music]] during the late Romantic period.
The following vowels were used:


<poem>
<poem>
i iː u uː
hm, i would picture a lovecraftian romance to have the romance be... consuming, destructive, the world falling around it
a aː oː
like an occultist gone mad but the relationship they have with their god is more... personal
aj aw
if i want to be "literary" i could easily imagine consuming romance as related here to like, consuming forbidden nowledge
</poem>
</poem>


{{angbr|'''i ī u ū a ā ō ay aw'''}}
===Figures===
 
*'''Hyjad Orphair''' was a late Romantic author who is best known for her enormously successful ''Jyndychouis'' cycle of horror + romance novels. It was made into a ''vylám'' (opera) ''Jyndychouis'' by the Amphirese composer Propanol Mochraid, the best known of the late Talman Romantic ''vylám''s.
Stress is marked with an acute accent.
 
===Old Netagin===
Begadkefat: /t tˁ k b d g/ > /θ θˁ x v ð ɣ/ after a V
 
Vowels go through Tiberian Hebrew-ish changes
 
===Modern Netagin===
 
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
Three numbers: sg, du/col, pl
 
Four genders: solar, lunar, terrestrial, aquatic (like Valyrian)
 
absolute, construct, possessed forms
 
Definite article: ha-(gemination)
 
solar: -i, -ú, -á
lunar: -an, -ónú, -óná
terrestrial: -in, -ayyú, -ayyá
aquatic: -t, -tú, -tá
 
constructs: solar sg drops the i, lunar sg changes the -an to -á, terrestrial changes -ín to -ay, du and pl change the -ú/-á to an -ó
====Vowel-reducing paradigms====
The largest class of vowel-reducing nouns have ''á'' or ''é'' between the first and second radicals that reduces to ''a''/''e'' (harmonizing with the frontness of following vowel; ''i'' after a ''y'') when a suffix is added.
 
===="Crawling-up" nouns====
The "crawling-up" (Netagin: ''mittzúchábh'') nouns underlyingly end in a consonant cluster. In the singular oblique cases the stem is turned into a CaCC (if the bare form is CeCaC, CiCC for CéCaC and CoCC for CóCaC) form, and the dual and plural turn the stem into (CaCáC, CeCáC and CoCáC).
====Nouns ending in geminated consonants====
These nouns may take sound case/number suffixes, or get the broken plural as a CVCC/CVnC stem.
 
====''-eh''====
In nouns ending in ''-eh'', the ''-eh'' is deleted before a case ending.
 
===Pronouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" | First person !! colspan="3" | Second person !! colspan="3" | Third person
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural
|-
!Independent
||''ʔácti''||''ʔáccū''||''ʔáccā''||''ʔánni''||''ʔánnū''||''ʔánnā''||''hiʔ''||''hínnū''||''hínnā''
|-
!Clitic
||''-ti''||''-cū''||''-cā''||''-ni''||''-nū''||''-nā''||''-hiʔ''||''-hū''||''-hā''
|}
 
===Verbs===
Netagin verbs, perhaps similarly to those of [[w:Biblical Hebrew|Biblical Hebrew]], mark aspect and person, but not tense. (Netagin, rather unusually, renders tense as proclitics on NPs instead.) Non-concatenative morphology figures prominently in conjugation for valence and TAM, much like in Semitic and Proto-Indo-European. However, verbs can also be derived via derivational "mishqalim" patterns (with considerable overlap with nominal patterns).
====Primary stems====
:''For inflectional paradigms, please see [[Netagin/Primary stem conjugation]].''
The primary stems inflect with heavy use of transfixes. Comprising about 500 verbs, this class is the counterpart to strong verbs in Germanic. There are up to 4 primary patterns or "binyanim" that a root may take in Netagin:
 
*In the '''Intransitive''' paradigm are verbs denoting intransitive actions ("come"), as well as stative verbs ("be cold"). It is often considered the most basic form. The difference between adjectives and stative verbs is roughly equivalent to the ''ser-estar'' distinction.
*The '''Transitive''' paradigm contains most monotransitive verbs, ("eat") including causativizations of Intransitive verbs ("make happy"). Can also have a telic (desired outcome was reached) meaning.
*The '''Reflexive''' pattern consists of verbs denote reflexive/reciprocal action ("get dressed", "kiss each other"), or change of state ("thicken").
*The '''Causative''' pattern contains causatives of transitive verbs ("feed") (and of some Intransitives and Reflexives). Causatives of statives in the imperfective aspect may denote active maintenance of a state (as opposed to changing a state in the perfective aspect).
 
Note that there is no passive in Netagin - this function is mainly served by zeroth person in transitive verbs or with Reflexive verbs, or simply topicalization of the patient.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Basic
| ''CaCaC'' || ''CiCːaC'' || ''CōCiC'' || ''CaCīC''
|-
! Transitive
| ''CuCuC'' || ''CaCːī<sup>1</sup>C'' || ''meCaCːīC'' || ''CaCːīCā''
|-
! Reflexive
| ''ˀiCCi<sup>1</sup>C'' || ''niCCiC'' || ''miCːūCāC'' || ''ˀaCCuCt''
|-
! Causative
| ''ˀaCCaC'' || ''ˀiCːiCaC'' || ''maCCāC'' || ''ˀaCCaCā''
|}
<sup>1</sup> Shortens to ''i'' when a suffix is added.
 
Suffixes beginning with a vowel cause the vowel between C and C to be elided.
 
The ''infinitive'' ({{sc|inf}}) is formed by leniting the first letter of the bare stem of the verb, or if said first letter is a guttural or ''n'', adding ''fa-''.
 
The ''participle'' is an agent noun or an adjective. Adverbializing it yields manner of action "as if to X".
 
The ''action noun'' ({{sc|axn}}) or ''gerund'' is used in action noun constructions, which are of the form SUBJECT-{{sc|gen}} AXN OBJECT-{{sc|acc}}. It is of importance in forming relative clauses, for Netagin does not have a relativizer.
 
====Derived stems====
The derived conjugation generates the bulk of new verbs in Netagin. The inflection, incorporating various concatenative formatives from the primary inflection, is almost entirely linear.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Intransitive
| ''ˀe[STEM]'' || ''[STEM]'' || ''mi<sup>N</sup>[STEM]'' || ''ˀa[STEM]íth<sup>N</sup>''
|-
! Transitive
| ''ˀa[STEM]'' || ''ˀi<sup>N</sup>[STEM]'' || ''mə[STEM]'' || ''[STEM]íyáˀ<sup>N</sup>''
|}
 
The infinitive is formed in the same manner as for the primary stems.
 
=====Patterns=====
Many derived verb patterns are verbalized noun patterns.
 
====Affixes====
 
=====Unipersonal (suffix) conjugation=====
The suffix conjugation is used for inherently intransitive (unaccusative) or reflexive verbs, and imperatives. Unipersonal verbs are negated in the optative/imperative by ''núr<sup>N</sup>''.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|+'''Unipersonal verb structure'''
!0!!1!!2
|-
||'''Stem'''/Voice/Aspect||Personal suffix||Imperative or Polarity/Focus
|}
 
In the indicative the personal suffixes represent the subject; in the imperative they indicate the object.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 250px; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="4"|Unipersonal suffixes
|-
!Person!!Singular!!Paucal!!Plural
|-
!0
|colspan="3"|''-c[h]<sup>1</sup>áˀ''
|-
!1
||''-d(i)/-gh(i)''<sup>1</sup>/''-t[h]<sup>1</sup>í''<sup>3</sup>||''-t[h]<sup>1</sup>ú''||''-t[h]<sup>1</sup>áˀ''
|-
!2
||''-ann''||''-nú''||''-náˀ''
|-
!3
||-''(a)''<sup>2</sup>/''-í''<sup>3</sup>||''-ú''||''-áˀ''
|}
The 0th, 1st and 2nd person forms are penultimately stressed; the 3rd person forms are ultimately stressed.
 
<sup>1</sup>After vowels or ''mh''.<br/>
<sup>2</sup>As indicative subject; not expressed without another suffix<br/>
<sup>3</sup>As imperative object.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 200px; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="2"|Slot 2 suffixes
|-
! Netagin !! Gloss
|-
| ''-n'' || Imperative ({{sc|imp}})
|-
| ''-chú'' || Affirmative focus ({{sc|aff.foc}})
|-
| ''-hí'' || Negative ({{sc|neg}})
|-
| ''-náˀ/-cháˀ*'' || Negative focus ({{sc|neg.foc}})
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>In second person forms.
 
 


[[Category:Hussmauch]][[Category:Netagin]]
=Modern literature=
==Science fiction==
IlL
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