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'''Netagin''' (''barīts Natāgīn'') is a triconsonantal language inspired by Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic, spoken in Western Cuadhlabh. This page describes Ancient Netagin.
=Ancient literature=
==Todo==
*Ancient Talmic, Windermere etc. epics
*final -ʔ to block initial seimhiu in descendants
*Tracts describing religious rituals such as hand-washing
*need more binyanim (~ 10 like Arabic)
*Sondmoridh Manuscripts
*passive binyanim?
*The Ngăthoar
*''yarifi'' = wheel
*''bīlan'' = woman
*''mufgōrin'' = castle
*''qabatxōt'' = alligator
*Imperatives? Moods/seq of tenses?


===Roots===
=Gweats literature=
*''n-t-g'': ???
=Fnüeng literature=
*''r-s-d'': study
*''z-ʔ-r'': go
*''k-d-d'': fly
*''w-r-š'': love
*''b-n-š'': hide


==Phonology==
=Classical Period literature=
Ancient Netagin had the following consonants (note no /l/!):
*Emisom Grouid's translations and poetry
*Lesch Mltzhyphe's tragedies
*Etsoj Jopah's poetry
*Alice in Wonderland/Proto-Hofstadterian stuff


m n ŋ
=Romantic literature=
tʰ t kʰ k ʔ
*Industrial revolution, some of its harms
b d g
**Two opposing camps: one favors returning to preindustrial society and one favors more tech and social development to fix problems
f s ts ɬ tɬ ʃ ħ h
z ʕ
w r j


{{angbr|'''m n ŋ t ṭ k q ʔ b d g f s ts x tx š ħ h z ȝ w r y'''}}
==Horror and science fiction==
 
In Talma, horror literature first took off in Amphir during the Romantic period and its literary influence spread to Skella and Fyxoom, which developed it into Lovecraft-esque science fiction literature. Horror literature also greatly influenced [[Verse:Tricin/Talma/Music|Talman classical music]] during the late Romantic period.
The following vowels were used:


<poem>
<poem>
i iː u uː
hm, i would picture a lovecraftian romance to have the romance be... consuming, destructive, the world falling around it
a aː oː
like an occultist gone mad but the relationship they have with their god is more... personal
aj aw
if i want to be "literary" i could easily imagine consuming romance as related here to like, consuming forbidden nowledge
</poem>
</poem>


{{angbr|'''i ī u ū a ā ō ay aw'''}}
===Figures===
 
*'''Hyjad Orphair''' was a late Romantic author who is best known for her enormously successful ''Jyndychouis'' cycle of horror + romance novels. It was made into a ''vylám'' (opera) ''Jyndychouis'' by the Amphirese composer Propanol Mochraid, the best known of the late Talman Romantic ''vylám''s.
Stress is marked with an acute accent.
 
==Morphology==
===Nouns and adjectives===
====Gender and number====
Three numbers: sg, du/col, pl
 
Four genders: masculine (air), feminine (earth), fire, water (inspired by Valyrian)
 
absolute, construct, possessed forms
 
Definite article: ha-(gemination)
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Noun and adjective endings
|-
! style="width: 90px;" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="2" | Singulative !! colspan="2" | Dual-collective !! colspan="2" | Plurative
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct
|-
!Air
||''-i''||''-∅''||''-ūʔ''||''-ū''||''-āʔ''||''-ā''
|-
!Earth
||''-an''||''-ā''||''-ōnūʔ''||''-ōnū''||''-ōnāʔ''||''-ōnā''
|-
!Fire
||''-in''||''-ay''||''-ayyūʔ''||''-ayyū''||''-ayyāʔ''||''-ayyā''
|-
!Water
||''-ōti, -ti''||''-at, -t''||''-(a)tūʔ''||''-(a)tū''||''-(a)tāʔ''||''-(a)tā''
|}
 
 
For example, below are the declensions of ''yarifi'' (m.) = 'wheel'; ''bīlan'' (f.) = 'woman, wife'; ''mufgōrin'' (t.) = 'castle'; ''qabatxōt'' (a.) = 'alligator':
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Sample nouns
|-
! style="width: 90px;" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="2" | Singulative !! colspan="2" | Dual-collective !! colspan="2" | Plurative
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct
|-
!Air
||''yarifi''||''yarif''||''yarifūʔ''||''yarifū''||''yarifāʔ''||''yarifā''
|-
!Earth
||''bīlan''||''bīlā''||''bīlōnūʔ''||''bīlōnū''||''bīlōnāʔ''||''bīlōnā''
|-
!Fire
||''mufgōrin''||''mufgōray''||''mufgōrayyūʔ''||''mufgōrayyū''||''mufgōrayyāʔ''||''mufgōrayyā''
|-
!Water
||''qabatxōti''||''qabatxat''||''qabatxtūʔ''||''qabatxtū''||''qabatxtāʔ''||''qabatxtā''
|}
 
====Possessive suffixes====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Air singulative nouns
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''yarifiki'' || ''yarifikū'' || ''yarifikā''
|-
! 2
| ''yarifini'' || ''yarifinū'' || ''yarifinā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''yarifihi'' || ''yarifihū'' || ''yarifihā''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Earth singulative nouns
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''bilāki'' || ''bilākū'' || ''bilākā''
|-
! 2
| ''bilāni'' || ''bilānū'' || ''bilānā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''bilāhi'' || ''bilāhū'' || ''bilāhā''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Fire singulative nouns
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''mufgōrayki'' || ''mufgōraykū'' || ''mufgōraykā''
|-
! 2
| ''mufgōrayni'' || ''mufgōraynū'' || ''mufgōraynā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''mufgōrayhi'' || ''mufgōrayhū'' || ''mufgōrayhā''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Water singulative nouns
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''qabatxtiki'' || ''qabatxtikū'' || ''qabatxtikā''
|-
! 2
| ''qabatxtini'' || ''qabatxtinū'' || ''qabatxtinā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''qabatxtihi'' || ''qabatxtihū'' || ''qabatxtihā''
|}
{{col-end}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Dual-collective nouns
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''yarifūki'' || ''yarifūkū'' || ''yarifūkā''
|-
! 2
| ''yarifūni'' || ''yarifūnū'' || ''yarifūnā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''yarifūhi'' || ''yarifūhū'' || ''yarifūhā''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Plurative nouns
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''yarifāki'' || ''yarifākū'' || ''yarifākā''
|-
! 2
| ''yarifāni'' || ''yarifānū'' || ''yarifānā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''yarifāhi'' || ''yarifāhū'' || ''yarifāhā''
|}
 
===Pronouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" | First person !! colspan="3" | Second person !! colspan="3" | Third person
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural
|-
!Independent
||''ʔakti''||''ʔantū''||''ʔantā''||''ʔanni''||''ʔannū''||''ʔannā''||''hini (a)''<br/>''hinan (e)''<br/>''hinn (f)''<br/>''hinti (w)''||''hinnū''||''hinnā''
|-
!Clitic
||''-ki''||''-tū''||''-tā''||''-ni''||''-nū''||''-nā''||''-hi''||''-hū''||''-hā''
|}
 
===Verbs===
Ancient Netagin has at least 11 binyanim:
*Binyan 1 verbs are verbs denoting intransitive actions ("come"), as well as stative verbs ("be cold") and some monotransitives. It is often considered the most basic form.
*Binyan 2 contains many monotransitive verbs, ("eat") including causativizations of Binyan 1 verbs ("make happy").
*Binyan 3 consists of verbs denote reflexive/reciprocal action ("get dressed", "kiss each other"), or change of state ("thicken").
*Binyan 4 contains causatives of transitive verbs ("feed") (and of some Binyan 2 and Binyan 3 verbs). Causatives of statives in the imperfective aspect may denote active maintenance of a state (as opposed to changing a state in the perfective aspect).
*Binyan 5 is roughly equivalent to the German prefix ''be-'' (applicative).
*Binyan 6 - telic, intensive
*Binyan 7 - telic
*Binyan 8 - "X a little, almost X"
*Binyan 9 - "X in advance, X for oneself" (from the middle voice)
*Binyan 10 verbs tend to express gradual processes. Ex. ''ħădhádhekh'' 'warm up (literally or romantically)'.
*Binyan 11 - "mis-X, over-X"
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! Binyan !! Imperfective !! Perfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! 1
| ''1a2a3'' || ''-i12a3'' || ''1ō2i3'' || ''1i2i3i''
|-
! 2
| ''1a2ō3'' || ''-a12ū3'' || ''1a2ī3'' || ''1a2ō3ā''
|-
! 3
| ''ʔa12ī<sup>1</sup>3'' || ''-uni12i3'' || ''mi1ːū2ā3'' || ''ʔa12u3ti''
|-
! 4
| ''ʔa12i3'' || ''-i1ːi2u3'' || ''ma12a3'' || ''ʔa12a3āʔ''
|-
! 5
| ''ta12u3'' || ''-ut1a2i3'' || ''mut1a2u3'' || ''ta12ō3āʔ''
|-
! 6
| ''ʔir1a2a3'' || ''-ur1i2u3'' || ''mur1i2u3'' || ''ʔur1a2i3i''
|-
! 7
| ''ʔirta1a2u3'' || ''-urta1a2i3'' || ''murta1a2u3'' || ''tirta1a2ī3i''
|-
! 8
| ''ʔi21a2i3'' || ''-i21i2u3'' || ''mu21ā2u3'' || ''ʔu21a2i3i''
|-
! 9
| ''1aš2u3'' || ''-u1iš2u3'' || ''mu1aš2u3'' || ''tu1aš2i3i''
|-
! 10
| ''1a2ā2u3'' || ''-i12i2u3'' || ''mu12ā2u3'' || ''tu12a2i3i''
|-
! 11
| ''1i31a2u3'' || ''-i1a31i2u3'' || ''mu1i31ā2u3'' || ''1i31a2i3i''
|}
<sup>1</sup> Shortens to ''i'' when a suffix is added.
 
The ''participle'' is an agent noun or an adjective. Adverbializing it yields manner of action "as if to X".
 
The ''action noun'' ({{sc|axn}}) or ''gerund'' is used in action noun constructions, which are of the form SUBJECT-{{sc|gen}} AXN OBJECT-{{sc|acc}}. It is of importance in forming relative clauses, for Netagin does not have a relativizer.
 
====Affixes====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Present tense affixes
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''-ki'' || ''-kū'' || ''-kā''
|-
! 2
| ''-an'' || ''-nū'' || ''-nā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''-∅'' || ''-ū'' || ''-ā''
|-
!Imoersonal
|colspan='3'|''-ī''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+''ʔabniš'' 'steal'
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''ʔabniški'' || ''ʔabniškū'' || ''ʔabniškā''
|-
! 2
| ''ʔabnišan'' || ''ʔabnišnū'' || ''ʔabnišnā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''ʔabniš'' || ''ʔabnišū'' || ''ʔabnišā''
|-
!Impersonal
|colspan="3"| ''ʔabnišī''
|}
{{col-end}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Past tense affixes
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''t-'' || ''t-ū'' || ''t-ā''
|-
! 2
| ''n-'' || ''n-ū'' || ''n-ā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''h-'' || ''h-ū'' || ''h-ā''
|-
!Impersonal
|colspan='3'| ''y-''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+''ʔabniš'' 'steal'
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''tibbinuš'' || ''tibbinušū'' || ''tibbinušā''
|-
! 2
| ''nibbinuš'' || ''nibbinušū'' || ''nibbinušā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''hibbinuš'' || ''hibbinušū'' || ''hibbinušā''
|-
!Impersonal
|colspan="3"|''yibbinuš''
|}
{{col-end}}
 
==Syntax==
Ancient Netagin is almost completely head-initial; the unmarked word order is VSO.
 
:'''''Waraštini.''
:''I love you.''


[[Category:Hussmauch]][[Category:Netagin]]
=Modern literature=
==Science fiction==
IlL
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