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:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Non-Azalic etyma]]
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = English
|name = English
|image =
|setting = [[Verse:Irta]]
|setting = [[Verse:Lõis]]
|creator = diachronics by [[User:Praimhín]]
|nativename = Inglish
|
|pronunciation = /ˈɪŋglɪʃ/
|state = Spain, United States, India, Australia, New Zealand ...
|region = Turkey, Armenia, Northern Levant, Iran
|familycolor=Indo-European
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam1=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Azalic]]
|fam2=[[Acholic]]
|script1=Latn
|fam3=L-Middle English
|script=Latin script
}}
}}


'''English''' in the Lõis timeline is an Indo-European language with pretty much exactly the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but with a very different (in particular not descending from Proto-Germanic) history and orthography.
'''English in the Irta timeline''' (Thurish: ''yȧzalathā nowā'', Riphean: ''āzaliske rstine''; names that sound like "Azalic" are used in Northern Europe, but Latin and Romance use names from Latin ''Anglica'', from the native name ''əngoilisχ'') is Indo-European and pretty much has exactly the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but with a very different history and orthography created by Praimhín. In particular, it is an [[Azalic]] language, not a Germanic one. Also missing are some loans from German and Modern Scandinavian such as ''schadenfreude'' and ''smörgåsbord''. Words (even words directly inherited from PIE) may not have the same etymologies as in our English.
 
==Diachronics==
 


It is part of a sprachbund with [[Togarmite]], [[Modern An Bhlaoighne]] and [[L-Persian]].
*dialectal PIE (according to one in-universe theory): meyno- proḱnom ḱom meyno- h₂yuHṇḱ- ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk- swer-ro- priHṇt-su: kʷo-Hn-i eǵh₂ swere h₁en protṃmo-ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk-ei, to-Hn-i toi h₂enti-swere h₁en new-iHno- ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk-ei.


==Diachronics==
*Proto-Azalic (500 BC): moen phroċn chom moen yunċ Ənghoilisċ swerər phrinṫsu: qhoin iċ swer in Phrothəm Ənghoilisċə, ṫoin ṫoe honṫswer in Newin Ənghoilisċə /moen pʰroxn kʰom moen juŋx əngʰoilisx swerər pʰrinθsu: kʷʰoin ix swer in pʰrotʰəm əngʰoilisxə, θoin θoe honθswer in newin əngʰoilisxə/
===PTTA to Middle TT-English===
 
===Middle TT-English to Modern TT-English===
* Old Azalic (Irta's "Old English") (500 AD): mae complānċt wiṫ mae yunċ Azalisċ spəɨcenṫ phrinṫs: qhen iċ spəɨc in Antēc Azalisċ, ṫen ṫā answer in Modern Əngilisċ
 
* "Middle English" (1000 AD): mae problem wiδ mae yung Azalic spəɨcen phrinṫs: qhen ī spəɨc in Proto Azalic, δen δā anser in Modern Ingliš
 
*1500 AD - present: my problem with my young Azalic speaking friends: when I speak in Proto-Azalic, they answer in English
 
===Early New English===
 
consonant inventory of 15th century Azalic English:
p t̪ tʃ k b d̪ dʒ g m n̪
ɸ β ʋ w θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
l~lˠ ɹ̝ˠ j
and allophonic ʔ
(stops were not aspirated)


==Orthography==
TRAP: /a/
uon, tô, thrê, phuor, phîv, six, sevn, aiht, nyn, ten
BATH: /a:/
PALM: /ɑ/
FACE: /e:/
DRESS: /ɛ/
FLEECE: /i:/
KIT: /i/
PRICE: /ae/
LOT: /ɔ/
THOUGHT: /ɔ:/
GOAT: /o:/
GOOSE: /u:/
FOOT: /u/
STRUT: /ø/


<poem>
no Canadian raising, rhotic vowels are basically the vowels plus /ɹ/ [ɹ̝ˠ]
''O Captin! My Captin! ûr phiêrphul trip is dôn;''
''Ðe ship has weđrd evrih rac, đe prise uê suht is wun;''
''Ðe port is niêr, đe bels ih hiêr, đe pơpul al exsulting,''
''Huîl pholo eihs đe stedih kêl, đe vessl grim and dâring;''
''But O hart! hart! hart!''
''O đe blêding drops of red,''
''Huer on đe dec my captin lihs,''
''Phalen cold and diêd.''
</poem>


most of the changes that happen between the 10th and 17th centuries are to the consonants: /pʰ tʰ/ turn into breathy spirants /ɸʰ θʰ/, which was thought of as substandard speech until around the 13th century; the breathiness disappears around the 15th century when ph th officially become /ɸ θ/


pelth₂óm > PPTA pheldă > phêld "field"
15th century English also had a split between w from PAzal *v, pronounced /ʋ/, and w from PAzal *qh and *ᵹh, pronounced /w/


==Accents==
chain shift in 18th century accents: /ø/ -> /ə/, but /o:/ becomes a new front rounded vowel /ɔɵ/ and then /ɔʉ/ (a bit like in Australian English); then in the 20th century it would shift to /əʏ/
There are 4 to 5 main dialects of English.
===L-Standard English===
Californian + RP. Rhoticity in idiolectal or free variation.
====Vowels====
*KIT = ɪ~ɪ̈
*DRESS = ɛ&#798;
*TRAP = BATH = a
*PALM = ɑː
*FOOT = ɘ
*STRUT = ɜ&#799;~ɐ
*LOT = CLOTH = ɔ~ɒ
*THOUGHT = ɔː~ɒː
*FLEECE = iː~ɪj
*FACE = eɪ
*PRICE = aɪ~ɑɪ
*GOOSE = yː; uː before [ɫ]
*GOAT = əʊ~əʏ; oʊ before [ɫ]
*MOUTH = aʊ~æʊ~æʏ
*NEAR = ɪə(r)
*SQUARE = ɛə(r)
*NURSE = əː(r)~ɜː(r)
*START = ɑː(r)
*NORTH = FORCE = POOR = oə(r)
*CURE = joə(r)~jəː(r)~jɜː(r)
*lettER = commA = ə(r)
*happY = i
*orange = [ɒɹɪndʒ~ɔɹɪndʒ]
*Mary [mɛəɹi] ≈ merry [mɛɹi] ≠ marry [maɹi]
*Mirror-nearer distinction
*Hurry-furry distinction
*No mergers before /l/


====Consonants====
==Orthography==
*L is light [l] before vowels and dark [ɫ] otherwise, as in RP.
Some hyperarchaisms even in Latin and Greek loans: gnobill for noble
**wholly-holy split.
*No glottal reinforcement before stops.
*/p t k/ are unaspirated after stressed syllables as in AmE.
*/d t/ has a tapped [ɾ] allophone in similar environments as in American English.
*wine-whine merger optional.


===Ashkenazi Hebrew+Cockney accent===
==Accents==
spoken by Jewish Anglophones in Lõis
different from our English accents; RP shouldn't exist
*KIT = ɪ
*DRESS = ɛ
*TRAP = BATH = a
*PALM = ɑː
*FOOT = STRUT = ʏ
*LOT = CLOTH = THOUGHT = o
*FLEECE = iː
*FACE = ɛɪ~æɪ
*PRICE = ɑɪ~ɒɪ
*GOOSE = uː
*GOAT = CHOICE = oɪ~øʏ
*MOUTH = aʏ~aʊ
*NEAR = FLEECE + ʀ
*SQUARE = FACE + ʀ
*NURSE = əʀ
*START = TRAP + ʀ
*NORTH = LOT + ʀ (the "horse" vowel)
*FORCE = GOAT + ʀ (the "hoarse" vowel; the "or" in "Torah" is pronounced this way)
*POOR = GOOSE + ʀ
*CURE = juʀ
*lettER = əʀ
*commA = ə
*happY = i
*Mary [mɛɪʀi] ≠ merry [mɛʀi] ≠ marry [maʀi]
*mirror [mɪʀəʀ] ≠ nearer [niʀəʀ]
*hurry [hʏʀɪ] ≠ furry [fəʀɪ]
*/l/ is always light
*/r/ = [ʀ~ʁ]
*/θ/ and /t/ merge, Irish style spirantized /t/


[ol hu:mən bijənz əʀ boʀən fʀi: ən i:kwəl ɪn dɪgnɪθ̱i ən ʀɑɪts. ðɛɪ əʀ ɪndaʏd wið ʀi:zən ən konʃəns ən ʃʏd akt toʀds won ənʏðəʀ ɪn ə spɪʀɪθ̱ əv bʀʏðəχʏd]
===Quelfton English===
Spoken in Quelfton, a city in Irta's Eastern Canada


The pronunciation of Hebrew words is similar to that in Yiddish or Modern [[L-Hebrew]]:
Pronounced /kʌftən/; quelf is from PIE *gʷelbʰ- 'womb'
*''Seder'' [ˈsɛɪdəʀ~ˈsɛɪdɛʀ]
*''Torah'' [ˈtoɪʀə~toɪˈʀo]
*''Shabbat'' [ʃaˈboθ&#800;~ˈʃabəθ̱]


<!--==Medh Chêl accent==
====Vocabulary====
*KIT = [i], FLEECE = [iː]
Stereotypical Boston words like "wicked" and "pissa"
*DRESS = [e̞], SQUARE = [e̞ː]
*TRAP = [æ], [æː] in some words (with a split similar to bad-lad split)
*LOT = [ɑ], PALM = START = [ɑː]
*STRUT = [ɤ], THOUGHT = NORTH = FORCE = [oː]
*NURSE = [ø̞ː]
*FOOT = [u]
*GOOSE = [yː]
*GOAT = [ø̞y] / [ɶy]
*FACE = [ɛi]
*PRICE = [ɑɪ], MOUTH = [æo] (cultivated), [æø] (broad)
*NEAR = [ie], POOR = [uo]-->


===A rhotic accent===
====Phonology====
Rhotic with R-colored vowels using uvular r
Philly + Boston; It is meant to be RP in ways that the Irta California accent is not. Intonation is similar to American.
*MOUTH is monophthongized to [ɶ̝ː], sometimes with a MOUTH-START merger to /aː~æː/.
*-ing becomes -in' in casual speech
*(Ph) Philly L (/l/ becomes a pharyngealized nasalized uvular approximant)
*(~Ph, ~RP) Philly-style reinforcement before voiceless consonants; i.e. generalized Canadain-raising-esque effects
**When the consonant is voiceless, the nucleus is shortened consonant is lengthened: ''face'' [fɪjsˑ]
**Otherwise this does not happen: ''fame'' [fɛˑɪm]
*(B, RP) non-rhotic
*(Ph, B, RP) Few or no mergers before prevocalic /r/
*(Ph, ~B, ~RP) Philly short-A system; lax A = [æ], tense A = [eə~ɛə]
*(Ph, RP) GOAT = [əʊ]; GOOSE = [üw]
*(~Ph, ~RP) LOT = [ɑ], THOUGHT = NORTH = FORCE = POOR = [oə~ɔə]
*(B, ~RP) START = [ä]
*SQUARE (= tense A) = [eə~ɛə]
*NEAR = [iə~ɪə]
*NURSE = [əː]
*wine-whine distinction is optional
*A 3-way distinction of Mary [meəɹi], merry [mɛɹi~mɤɹi], marry [mæɹi], unlike Pacific English
*hurry [hɤɹi], furry [fəːɹi]
*orange [ɑɹɪndʒ]
*mirror [mɪɹə(ɹ)] != nearer [niəɹə(ɹ)]
*/iːg/ > /ɪg/, /eɪg/ > /ɛg/ in many words
*/θ ð/ are commonly [t̪ d̪].
*"aunt" and "can't" use /a:/.
*wine-whine merger absent
*CLOTH = LOT, not THOUGHT


*KIT = [ɪ],
====Sample====
*DRESS = [ɛ] (but it gets raised before fricatives),
oəʟ hjüwmən bɪjɪnz ə boən fɹɪj ən iʝkˑwəʟ ɪn dɪgnɪɾɪj ən ɹʌɪʔˑs. d̪eɪ əɹ ɪndœːd wɪd ɹɪjzn ən kɒnʃns, ən ʃəd ækt toədz wɤn ənɤd̪əɹ ɪn ə spɪɹɪɾ əv bɾɤd̪əhəd.
*TRAP = [a] usually, /ɔ:/ before nasals
*LOT merges with TRAP
*THOUGHT = [uə]
*GOAT = [oə]
*FOOT = STRUT = [ɨ]
*GOOSE = [y]
*PRICE = [ei] before fricatives, [ae] otherwise
*MOUTH = [ou] before fricatives, [ɑo] otherwise
*FLEECE = Viby-i
*FACE = [iɛ]
*PALM = [a]


===A pre-Grimm accent===
pliʝˑs koəʟ stɛʟə. eəsk ə ɾə bɹɪŋ d̪is t̪ɪŋz wɪd̪ ə fɹəm d̪ə stoə. sɪks spüwnz əf fɹɛʃˑ snəʊ pɪjz, fɑɪf t̪ɪkˑ sʟæbz əv blüw tʃɪjz, ən mɛɪbɪj ə snæk fəɹ ə bɹʌðə bɑˑb. wɪj oəʟsə nɪjɾ ə smoəʟ pʟæstɪk snɪjkˑ ən ə bɪg toɪ fɹoəg fə d̪ə kɪdz. ʃi kən sküwpˑ d̪is t̪ɪŋz ɪɾ̃ə t̪ɾɪj ɹɛd bægz, ən wiʟ gə miʝɾ ə wɛnsdɛɪ æʔ t̪ə tɹɛɪn stɪjʃˑən.
Inspiration: Korean accent
*/f θ h hw/ = [pʰ tʰ h~x xw]
*/p t k/ = unaspirated stops, ejective when word-final except after fricatives
*/tʃ dʒ/ = [t͡ɕ d͡ʑ]
*/v/ = [b~β]
*/l/ = [l] (always clear L)
*/r/ = [ɾ~ɹ]
*/ð/ = [d~ð]
*/ʃ/ = [sx~sʰ]
*FLEECE = i:
*FACE = e:
*GOOSE = ü:
*GOAT = o:~o&#797;:
*PALM = BATH = a:
*THOUGHT = NORTH = FORCE = ʌ:
*CHOICE = oi
*PRICE = aɪ
*MOUTH = aʊ
*KIT = i
*DRESS = e
*TRAP = ɛ
*LOT = ʌ
*FOOT/STRUT = u
*NURSE = ɚ:
*START = a:
*SQUARE = e:ə
*NEAR = i:ə
*POOR = u:ə
*CURE = ju:ə
*lettER = commA = ə~ʌ̈


Yod-coalescence, with /tj dj θj sj/ = [t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ɕʰ ɕ]
===Pacific===
A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Modern RP/Estuary.


BATH [a:] occurs for L-Standard English /a/ usually where Korean commonly transcribes the English word as /a/. (This does ''not'' correspond to instances of BATH in RP.)
Intonation is mostly American + my own weird intonation
*''chance'' [t͡ɕa:ns]; but ''dance'' [dɛns], ''answer'' [ɛnsʌ̈]
=====Vocab=====
*''plant'' [pla:ntʼ], ''Grant'' [gra:ntʼ]; but ''grant'' [grɛntʼ]
Mostly like our American English, with a limited number of Britishisms: ''knackered, mental, bollocks, bugger, fancy, ...'' the ones I sorta-know how to use
*''glass'' [gla:s], ''gas'' [ga:s]; but ''pass'' [pɛs], ''class'' [klɛs]
*''plastic'' [pla:stikʼ], ''last'' [la:st], ''master'' [ma:stʌ̈]
*''mask'' [ma:sk], ''flask'' [fla:sk]; but
*''half'' [ha:f]; but ''graph'' [grɛf]


Some other unusual phonetic incidences:
=====Vowels=====
*''zero'' [zɛro:]
*orange = [oːɹəndʒ]
*Mary-merry-marry merger
*Mirror-nearer merger
*Hurry-furry merger
*No mergers before /l/
*No trap-bath split
*No yod-coalescence


===An "Old English" accent===
=====Consonants=====
*CHOICE = œɪ
*L is light [l] before vowels and dark [ɫ] otherwise, as in RP.
*PRICE = ɑ:
**wholly-holy split.
*MOUTH = æ:ɑ
*No glottal reinforcement before stops.
*PALM = æ:
*/p t k/ are unaspirated after stressed syllables as in AmE.
*FACE = æɪ
*/d t/ has a tapped [ɾ] allophone in similar environments as in American English.
*GOAT = e:o
*wine-whine merger present.
*THOUGHT = ɔ:
*FLEECE = i:
*GOOSE = u:
**/ju:/ = y:
*FERN = FIR = ør~yr (also MERRY and MIRROR)
*FUR = ʊr (also HURRY)
*NURSE, FORCE = e:or~ø:r
*NORTH = ɔ:r
*NEAR = CURE = iur~y:r
*POOR = u:r
*SQUARE = e:r
*TRAP = ɑ, æɑ before /l r/ (also START and MARRY)
*DRESS = ɛ, eo~œ before /l/  
*KIT = ɪ, ɪʊ~ʏ before /l/
*LOT = ɔ
*FOOT = STRUT = ʊ


[[Category:TT-Anglic]]
[[Category:Azalic languages]]
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