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:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Hivatish|Siqa tuqsuq Qivattut (This page in Hivatish)]]
'''Qivattutannguaq''' is a diachronic IE conlang created by a 19th-century Lõisian fantasy author.
 
{{Infobox language
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|image =
|setting = [[Lõis]]
|nativename = Qivattutannguaq
|pronunciation = /hivatːutaŋːuaχ/
|region =
|states =
|speakers =
|date =
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam1=Indo-European
|script=[[w:Latin script|Latin]], {{PAGENAME}} script
}}
'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (''Qivattutannguaq'' /hivatːutaŋːuaχ/ or ''Qivattuq tannguaq'' /hivatːuχ taŋːuaχ/) is an Indo-European language inspired by Greenlandic, Old Persian and Proto-Celtic. 
 
Qivattutannguaq is a result of Indo-European being influenced by Inuit languages. It was spoken in Qivattulunnun, which is located in our Great Britain.
 
It was divided into two registers, the high register Qunngartutannguaq ("perfected language") and the Estonian-like vernacular Prisinitutannguaq ("natural language"). Qunngartutannguaq is still used as a source of loans in modern British Isle languages such as [[Pestonian]].
*qaqartuq = narrow
*wiquq = virus (cognatization of Latin ''virus'')
*siiman = seed (related to German Keim)
*tiutaa = tribe; the people
*Tiuppateer = Qivattu counterpart of Zeus/Jupiter
*teewaq = god
*siuqit < *ǵews-eti = he tries
*suqtuq  (< *ǵews-tus) = attempt
*imaq (m) = sea
*iqalugaq (m) = trout
*anuri (n) = storm
*iqariuq = red <- h₁ésh₂ṛ-yos
*talguq = long
*tuattuq (m) = trail <- duh₂-ntos
*arsattuq (m) = silver
*taiseet = he pinpoints, he locates
*ziimaa = winter
*wivuneet (wi-wonh1-eyeti) = he aspires
 
==Todo==
Include some sound change laws conditioned by PIE glottalization? Some Uralic gradation-like thing?
 
==Names==
 
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Qivattutannguaq has a rather small phonology.
Vowels: i u a ii uu ee aa ai au iu ui
Vowels: i u a ii uu ee aa ai au iu ui


Consonants: p v t d s z k g q m n ng l r j w wh /p v t ð~d s z k ɣ~g χ m n ŋ l r j w ʍ/
Consonants: p v t d s z k g q m n ng l r j w /p v t ð~d s z k ɣ~g q~χ m n ŋ l (uvular R) j w/


Voiceless stops are unaspirated.
Voiceless stops are unaspirated.


'''i u''' are pronounced [e o] before '''q'''.
'''i u''' are pronounced [e~ɛ o~ɔ] before '''q''': ''ingníq'' [ɪ̀ŋnéχ] 'fire'; ''quunúq'' [huːnóχ] 'son'; ''wiqúq'' [wèχóχ] 'poison'.
===Diachronics===
===Diachronics===
o > u
o > u
Line 62: Line 15:
l before voiceless consonants = /ɬ/
l before voiceless consonants = /ɬ/


nt > tt; nd, ndʰ > nn
nt nd > nt, ndʰ > nn


==Pronouns==
==Pronouns==
Line 71: Line 24:
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''jaa''||''ammii''
|''jaa''||''angmii''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''mini''||''ammaqun''
|''mini''||''angmaqun''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''mai''||''ammavuq''
|''mai''||''angmavuq''
|-
|-
!|Accusative
!|Accusative
|''mi'' ||''ammi''
|''mi'' ||''angmi''
|-
|-
!|Ablative
!|Ablative
|''minit, miit'' ||''ammavuq''
|''minit, miit'' ||''angmavuq''
|-
|-
!|Locative
!|Locative
|''minit, miit'' ||''ammavi''
|''minit, miit'' ||''angmavi''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''tivi''||''junngaqun''
|''tivi''||''jungmaqun''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''tai''||''junngavuq''
|''tai''||''jungmavuq''
|-
|-
!|Accusative
!|Accusative
|''ti'' ||''junngi''
|''ti'' ||''jungmi''
|-
|-
!|Ablative
!|Ablative
|''tivit, tiit'' ||''junngavuq''
|''tivit, tiit'' ||''jungmavuq''
|-
|-
!|Locative
!|Locative
|''tivit, tiit'' ||''junngavi''
|''tivit, tiit'' ||''jungmavi''
|}
|}


Line 140: Line 93:
|}
|}


 
Ancient Hivatish had no true 3rd person pronouns. Demonstrstives were used instead.


*siqu, siqaa, situt = this
*siqu, siqaa, situt = this
Line 150: Line 103:
===Functions of the cases===
===Functions of the cases===
Qivattutannguaq has 6 or 7 cases depending on register.
Qivattutannguaq has 6 or 7 cases depending on register.
*The nominative is used for subjects and predicate objects. In Prisinitutannguaq, it is also used for direct objects.
*The nominative is used for subjects and predicate objects. In Prisinitutannguaq, it is also used for direct objects, and the -q and -n endings are dropped.
*Dative objects and benefactives use the dative. It is also used for "have", as in Latin.
*Dative objects and benefactives use the dative. It is also used for "have", as in Latin.
*The genitive is used for attributive possession and "belongs to" possession. Genitives come befire nouns.
*The genitive is used for attributive possession and "belongs to" possession. Genitives come before nouns.
*In Qunngartutannguaq, the direct object of an affirmative verb takes the accusative, and the direct object of a negated verb takes the genitive:
*The direct object of an affirmative verb takes the accusative, and the direct object of a negated verb takes the ablative:
**''Suwaa iwiti walkun.'' = The dog saw a wolf.
**''Suwaa walkum iwiti.'' = The dog saw a wolf.
**''Suwaa neen iwiti walkaa.'' = The dog did not see a wolf.
**''Suwaa walkiat nēm iwiti.'' = The dog did not see a wolf.
*Static locations take the locative. A preposition such as ''in'' or ''at'' can be used but is not necessary.
*Static locations take the locative. A preposition such as ''in'' or ''at'' can be used but is not necessary.
*Destinations for prepositions indicating destination like ''in'' 'into', ''at'' 'at' or ''ipi'' 'onto' take the accusative.
*Destinations for prepositions indicating destination like ''in'' 'into', ''at'' 'at' or ''ipi'' 'onto' take the accusative.
*"from a location" generally just takes the ablative, but some contexts require the preposition ''ut''. (such as from a place that is city-sized or larger: ''ut vukaat'' 'from the city', but ''taamiat'' 'from the house')
*"from a location" generally just takes the ablative, but some contexts require the preposition ''ut''. (such as from a place that is city-sized or larger: ''ut vukaat'' 'from the city', but ''taamut'' 'from the house')
*For 'with' (instrumental) ''su'' + ablative is used. 'With' (comitative) requires the preposition ''san'' + ablative.
*For 'with' (instrumental) ''su'' + ablative is used. 'With' (comitative) requires the preposition ''san'' + ablative.
*Agents of passive verbs use the ablative.
*Agents of passive verbs use the ablative.


===Thematic===
===Thematic===
====o-stems====
====o-stem masculine====
 
====o-stem neuter====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Qunngartutannguáq declension'''
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''valkuq'' 'wolf' (< {{recon|wĺ̥kʷos}}; underwent taboo deformation)
|+ ''wírdun'' 'law' (< {{recon|werdʰh₁om}})
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''valkuq''||''valkaaq''
|''wírdun''||''wírdaa''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''valkaa''||''valkuun''
|''wírdaa''||''wírduun''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''valkai''||''valkavuq''
|''wírdai''||''wírdavuq''
|-
|-
!|Accusative
!|Accusative
|''valkun'' ||''valkuuq''
|''wírdun'' ||''wírdaa''
|-
|-
!|Ablative
!|Ablative
|''valkiat'' ||''valkavuq''
|''wírdiat'' ||''wírdavuq''
|-
|-
!|Locative
!|Locative
|''valkiat'' ||''valkavi''
|''wírdiat'' ||''wírdavi''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|''valki!'' ||''valkaaq!''
|''wírdi!'' ||''wírdaa!''
|}
|}
 
{{col-break}}
 
'''Prisinitutannguáq declension'''
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''wirdun'' 'word' (< {{recon|werdʰh₁om}})
|+ ''wírdo'' 'law'
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative-Accusative
|''wirdun''||''wirdaa''
|''wírdo''||''wírdaa(q)''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''wirdaa''||''wirduun''
|''wírdaa''||''wírduu''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''wirdai''||''wirdavuq''
|''wírdai''||''wírdavi''
|-
!|Accusative
|''wirdun'' ||''wirdaa''
|-
!|Ablative
|''wirdiat'' ||''wirdavuq''
|-
|-
!|Locative
!|Ablative-Locative
|''wirdiat'' ||''wirdavi''
|''wírdut'' ||''wírdavi''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|''wirdi!'' ||''wirdaa!''
|''wírdi!'' ||''wírdaa(q)!''
|}
|}
{{col-break}}
{{col-end}}


====eh2-stems====
====eh2-stems====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Qunngartutannguáq declension'''
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''vukaa'' 'city' (< {{recon|bʰug-éh₂}})
|+ ''vukáa'' 'city' (< {{recon|bʰug-éh₂}} 'refuge')
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''vukaa''||''vukaaq''
|''vukáa''||''vukáaq''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''vukaaq''||''vukuun''
|''vukáaq''||''vukúun''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''vukai''||''vukaavuq''
|''vukái''||''vukáavuq''
|-
|-
!|Accusative
!|Accusative
|''vukaan'' ||''vukaaq''
|''vukáan'' ||''vukáaq''
|-
|-
!|Ablative
!|Ablative
|''vukaat'' ||''vukaavuq''
|''vukáat'' ||''vukáavuq''
|-
|-
!|Locative
!|Locative
|''vukaat'' ||''vukaavi''
|''vukáat'' ||''vukáavi''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|''vukaa!'' ||''vukaaq!''
|''vukáa!'' ||''vukáaq!''
|}
|}
 
{{col-break}}
====u-stems====
'''Prisinitutannguáq declension'''
Masculine and feminine u-stems decline as follows:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''quunuq'' 'son'
|+ ''vukáa'' 'city'
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''quunuq''||''quunuwiq''
|''vukáa''||''vukáaq''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''quuniuq''||''quunuun''
|''vukáaq''||''vukúu''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''quuniwi''||''quunuvuq''
|''vukái''||''vukáavi''
|-
|-
!|Accusative
!|Ablative-Locative
|''quunun'' ||''quunuuq''
|''vukáat'' ||''vukáavi''
|-
!|Ablative
|''quunut'' ||''quunuvuq''
|-
!|Locative
|''quunut'' ||''quunuvi''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|''quunu!'' ||''quunuwiq!''
|''vukáa!'' ||''vukáaq!''
|}
|}
{{col-end}}


''naawuq'' (f.) 'boat, ship' is a little irregular:
====u-stems====
Masculine and feminine u-stems decline as follows:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''naawuq'' 'boat, ship'
|+ ''quunúq'' 'son'
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''naawuq''||''naawiq''
|''quunúq''||''quunúwiq''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''naajuq''||''naawuun''
|''quuníuq''||''quunúun''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''naawi''||''naawuvuq''
|''quuníwi''||''quunúvuq''
|-
|-
!|Accusative
!|Accusative
|''naawun'' ||''naawuuq''
|''quunún'' ||''quunúuq''
|-
|-
!|Ablative
!|Ablative
|''naawut'' ||''naawuvuq''
|''quunút'' ||''quunúvuq''
|-
|-
!|Locative
!|Locative
|''naawut'' ||''naawuvi''
|''quunút'' ||''quunúvi''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|''naawu!'' ||''naawiq!''
|''quunú!'' ||''quunúwiq!''
|}
|}
Neuter u-stems decline as follows:


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''iglu'' 'tent'
|+ ''iglú'' 'tent, camp'
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''iglu''||''iglua''
|''iglú''||''iglúa''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''igliuq''||''igluun''
|''iglíuq''||''iglúun''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''igliwi''||''igluvuq''
|''iglíwi''||''iglúvuq''
|-
|-
!|Accusative
!|Accusative
|''iglu'' ||''iglua''
|''iglú'' ||''iglúa''
|-
|-
!|Ablative
!|Ablative
|''iglut'' ||''igluvuq''
|''iglút'' ||''iglúvuq''
|-
|-
!|Locative
!|Locative
|''iglut'' ||''igluvi''
|''iglút'' ||''iglúvi''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|''iglu!'' ||''iglua!''
|''iglú!'' ||''iglúa!''
|}
|}


Line 337: Line 286:
Masculine and feminine i-stems:
Masculine and feminine i-stems:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''ingniq'' 'fire'
|+ ''ingníq'' 'fire'
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''ingniq''||''ingniiq''
|''ingníq''||''ingníiq''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''ingniiq''||''ingnuun''
|''ingníiq''||''ingnúun''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''ingnii''||''ingnivuq''
|''ingníi''||''ingnívuq''
|-
|-
!|Accusative
!|Accusative
|''ingnin'' ||''ingniiq''
|''ingnín'' ||''ingníiq''
|-
|-
!|Ablative
!|Ablative
|''ingnit'' ||''ingnivuq''
|''ingnít'' ||''ingnívuq''
|-
|-
!|Locative
!|Locative
|''ingnit'' ||''ingnivi''
|''ingnít'' ||''ingnívi''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|''ingni!'' ||''ingniiq!''
|''ingní!'' ||''ingníiq!''
|}
|}
Also: ''teepputiq'' 'master'.
Also: ''teeppútiq'' 'master'.


Neuter i-stems:
Neuter i-stems:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''anuri'' 'storm' (< Proto-Inuit ''ạnųʁǝ̈'' 'wind')
|+ ''anurí'' 'storm' (< Proto-Inuit ''ạnųʁǝ̈'' 'wind')
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''anuri''||''anuria''
|''anurí''||''anuría''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''anuriiq''||''anurijuun''
|''anuríiq''||''anurúun''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''anurii''||''anurivuq''
|''anuríi''||''anurívuq''
|-
|-
!|Accusative
!|Accusative
|''anuri'' ||''anuria''
|''anurí'' ||''anuría''
|-
|-
!|Ablative
!|Ablative
|''anurit'' ||''anurivuq''
|''anurít'' ||''anurívuq''
|-
|-
!|Locative
!|Locative
|''anurit'' ||''anurivi''
|''anurít'' ||''anurívi''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|''anuri!'' ||''anuria!''
|''anurí!'' ||''anuría!''
|}
|}


====h2-stems====
==== h2-stems and thematized athematics ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''imaq'' 'sea'  
|+ ''imaq'' 'sea'  
Line 399: Line 348:
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''imaq''||''imaaq''
|''imáq''||''imáaq''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''imiaq''||''imuun''
|''imiáq''||''imúun''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''imai''||''imavuq''
|''imái''||''imávuq''
|-
|-
!|Accusative
!|Accusative
|''iman'' ||''imaaq''
|''imán'' ||''imáaq''
|-
|-
!|Ablative
!|Ablative
|''imat'' ||''imavuq''
|''imát'' ||''imávuq''
|-
|-
!|Locative
!|Locative
|''imat'' ||''imavi''
|''imát'' ||''imávi''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|''ima!'' ||''imaat!''
|''imá!'' ||''imáaq!''
|}
|}


Nouns with a vowel before the ''aq'' decline as follows:
Nouns with a vowel before the ''-aq'' decline as follows:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''tannnguaq'' 'tongue; language (f.)'  
|+ ''tannguáq'' 'tongue; language (f.)'  
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''tannnguaq''||''tannnguaaq''
|''tannguáq''||''tannguáaq''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''tannngujaq''||''tannnguüun''
|''tanngujáq''||''tannguwúun''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''tannguai''||''tannguavuq''
|''tannguái''||''tannguávuq''
|-
|-
!|Accusative
!|Accusative
|''tannguan'' ||''tannguaaq''
|''tannguán'' ||''tannguáaq''
|-
|-
!|Ablative
!|Ablative
|''tannguat'' ||''tannguavuq''
|''tannguát'' ||''tannguávuq''
|-
|-
!|Locative
!|Locative
|''tannguat'' ||''tannguavi''
|''tannguát'' ||''tannguávi''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|''tanngua!'' ||''tannguaaq!''
|''tannguá!'' ||''tannguáaq!''
|}
|}


Line 451: Line 400:


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''zamaa'' 'human'
|+ ''zamáa'' 'human'
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
Line 479: Line 428:
====-mn-nouns====
====-mn-nouns====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''numan'' 'name'
|+ ''núman'' 'name'
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
Line 504: Line 453:
|''numan!'' ||''numanaa!''
|''numan!'' ||''numanaa!''
|}
|}
Also: ''wirman'' 'time', ''wingman'' 'clothes'
Also: ''wírman'' 'time', ''wíngman'' 'clothes'


===Athematic===
===Athematic===
Line 510: Line 459:


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''reezaq'' 'king'
|+ ''réezaq'' 'king'
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
Line 561: Line 510:
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|''iqaluk!'' ||''iqalugiq!''
|''iqaluk!'' ||''iqalugiq!''
|}
''Wútar'' 'water' is still a heteroclitic in Qunng. (cf. Ancient Greek ὕδωρ, ὕδατος). In Pris. the form ''wútraa'' (declined as a feminine ''-aa'' noun) is preferred; this survives as ''õdra'' in the modern language.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''wútar'' 'water'
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''wútar''||''wútanaa''
|-
!|Genitive
|''wútaniaq''||''wútanuun''
|-
!|Dative
|''wútanii''||''wútanavuq''
|-
!|Accusative
|''wútar'' ||''wútanaa''
|-
!|Ablative
|''wútanit'' ||''wútanavuq''
|-
!|Locative
|''wútanit'' ||''wútanavi''
|-
!|Vocative
|''wútar!'' ||''wútanaa!''
|}
|}


''náawuq'' (f.) 'boat, ship' is irregular:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''wutar'' 'water'
|+ ''náawuq'' 'boat, ship'
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''wutar''||''wutaraa''
|''náawuq''||''náawiq''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''wutariaq''||''wutaruun''
|''naawíuq''||''náawuun''
|-
|-
!|Dative
!|Dative
|''wutarii''||''wutaravuq''
|''naawí''||''náawuvuq''
|-
|-
!|Accusative
!|Accusative
|''wutaran'' ||''wutaraa''
|''náawun'' ||''náawuuq''
|-
|-
!|Ablative
!|Ablative
|''wutarit'' ||''wutaravuq''
|''náawit'' ||''náawuvuq''
|-
|-
!|Locative
!|Locative
|''wutarit'' ||''wutaravi''
|''náawit'' ||''náawuvi''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|''wutar!'' ||''wutaraa!''
|''náawu!'' ||''náawiq!''
|}
|}


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Adjectives fall into three main declensions: -uq adjectives (~ Latin 1st declension adjectives), -iq adjectives (~ Latin 3rd declension adjectives), and -aq adjectives (containing verb participles).
Adjectives fall into three main declensions: -uq adjectives (~ Latin 1st declension adjectives), -iq adjectives (~ Latin 3rd declension adjectives), and -aq adjectives (containing verb participles).
===-uq adjectives===
===-uq adjectives===
*nom: -uq, -aa, -un, pl. -aaq, -aaq, -aa
''qinuq'' 'old'
*nom: qinuq, qinaa, qinun, pl. qinaaq, qinaaq, qinaa
*gen: qinaa, qinaaq, qinaaq, pl. qinuun
*dat: qinai, pl. qinavuq, qinaavuq, qinavuq
*acc: qinun, qinaan, qinun, pl. qinuuq, qinaaq, qinaa
*abl: qiniat, qinaat, qiniat, pl. qinavuq, qinaavuq, qinavuq
*loc: qiniat, qinaat, qiniat, pl. qinavi, qinaavi, qinavi
*voc: qini, qinaa, qini, pl. qinaaq, qinaaq, qinaa


===-iq adjectives===
===-iq adjectives===
*nom. -iq, -iq, -i; pl. -iiq, -iiq, -ia
iqusiniq 'noble'
*nom. iqusiniq, iqusiniq, iqusini; pl. iqusiniiq, iqusiniiq, iqusinia


===-aq adjectives===
===-aq adjectives===
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**w/ acc.: into
**w/ acc.: into
**w/ loc.: inside
**w/ loc.: inside
*''at'' = at
*''at''
**w/ acc.: towards; at
**w/ acc.: towards; at
*''attir'' =
**w/ loc.: at, by
*''attir''
**w/ loc.: between,
**w/ loc.: between,
**w/ acc.: against
**w/ acc.: against
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|-
|-
!|1
!|1
|''tituami''||''titumaq''
|''tituan''||''titumaq''
|-
|-
!|2
!|2
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| 1PL || ''vinnumaq'' || ''vinnumaqti''
| 1PL || ''vinnumaq'' || ''vinnumaqti''
|-
|-
| 2PL || ''vinniti'' || ''vinnitau''
| 2PL || ''vinniti'' || ''vinnitau, vinnitaqti''
|-
|-
| 3PL || ''vinnuut'' || ''vinnuttur''
| 3PL || ''vinnuut'' || ''vinnuttur''
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| 1PL || ''ivannami'' || ''ivannamaqti''
| 1PL || ''ivannami'' || ''ivannamaqti''
|-
|-
| 2PL || ''ivannati'' || ''ivannatau''
| 2PL || ''ivannati'' || ''ivannatau, ivannataqti''
|-
|-
| 3PL || ''ivanneer'' || ''ivanneerur''
| 3PL || ''ivanneer'' || ''ivanneerur''
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! Person !! Active !! Passive
! Person !! Active !! Passive
|-
|-
| 1SG || ''vinnaimi'' || ''vinnajaar''
| 1SG || ''vinnain'' || ''vinnajaar''
|-
|-
| 2SG || ''vinnaiq'' || ''vinnaitar''
| 2SG || ''vinnaiq'' || ''vinnaitar''
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| 1PL || ''vinnaimaq'' || ''vinnaimaqti''
| 1PL || ''vinnaimaq'' || ''vinnaimaqti''
|-
|-
| 2PL || ''vinnaiti'' || ''vinnaitau''
| 2PL || ''vinnaiti'' || ''vinnaitau, vinnaitaqti''
|-
|-
| 3PL || ''vinnajuut'' || ''vinnajuttur''
| 3PL || ''vinnajuut'' || ''vinnajuttur''
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===-éye- verbs===
===-éye- verbs===
taiseet (*doyḱ-éye-ti) = he locates, he pinpoints
taiséet (*doyḱ-éye-ti) = he locates, he pinpoints


*present: taisijaa, taiseeq, taiseet, taisijaamaq, taiseeti, taisijuut
*present: taisíjaa, taiséeq, taiséet, taiséemaq, taiséeti, taisíjuut
*past: itaiseeqa, itaiseeqta, itaiseeqi, itaiseengmi, itaiseeqti, itaiseeqeer
*past: itaiséeqa, itaiséeqta, itaiséeqi, itaiséengmi, itaiséeqti, itaiséeqeer


===Copula===
===Copula===
*present: ingmi, iq, eet, ingmaq, iqti, quut
*present: ingmi, eeq, eet, ingmaq, iqti, iquut
*past: iqqa, iqta, iqqi, iqami, iqati, iqqeer
*past: iqqa, iqta, iqqi, iqami, iqati, iqqeer


==Numerals==
==Numerals==
*zero: nuilluq (m.), nuillaa (f.), nuillun (n.)
*zero: nuillur (m.), nuillaa (f.), nuillų (n.)
*I: ainuq (m.), ainaa (f.), ainun (n.); ordinal ''parmuq''
*I: áinur (m.), áinaa (f.), áinų (n.); ordinal ''pramúr''
*II: tuwai (animate), tuwaa (inanimate); ordinal ''antiruq''
*II: tuwái (inanimate), tuwáa (animate); ordinal ''ántirur''
*III: triiq (animate), tria (inanimate); ordinal ''trituq''
*III: tríir (animate), tría (inanimate); ordinal ''tirtúr''
*IIII: kituariq (animate), kituara (inanimate); ordinal ''kituartuq''
*IIII: kituárir (animate), kituára (inanimate); ordinal ''kituartúr''
*Λ. pikkiq; ordinal ''piktuq''
*Λ. pínkir; ordinal ''píktur''
*ΛΙ: whiiq; ordinal ''whiqtuq''
*ΛΙ: wiír; ordinal ''wíhtur''
*ΛΙΙ: qiptan; ordinal ''qiptammuq''
*ΛΙΙ: híptą; ordinal ''híptammur''
*ΛΙΙΙ: ustaa; ordinal ''ustammuq''
*ΛΙΙΙ: ustáa; ordinal ''ústaawur''
*ΛIIII: niwan; ordinal ''niwammuq''
*ΛIIII: níwą; ordinal ''níwammur''
*Χ: tisan; ordinal ''tisammuq''
*Χ: tísą; ordinal ''tísammur''
*XI: ainuqupirtisan
*XI: ainumpirsą
*XII: tuuqupirtisan
*XII: tuumpirsą
*XIII: triiqupirtisan
*XIII: triipirsą
*XIIII: kituarqupirtisan
*XIIII: kituarpirsą
*XΛ: pikkiqupirtisan
*XΛ: pikkipirsą
*XΛI: whiiqupirtisan
*XΛI: wiipirsą
*XΛII: qiptaqupirtisan
*XΛII: qiptapirsą
*XΛIII: ustaqupirtisan
*XΛIII: ustaapirsą
*XΛIIII: niwaqupirtisan
*XΛIIII: niwapirsą
*XX: tuiqtisan
*XX: tuihtisaą
*XXX: tirtisan
*XXI: ainumpirtuihtisą
*XXXX: kituartisan
*XXII: tuumpirtuihtisą
*D: pikkitisan
*...
*DX: whiiqtisan
*XXX: tirtisą
*DXX: qiptattisan
*XXXX: kituartisą
*DXXX: ustaatisan
*D: pinkitisą
*DXXXX: niwattisan
*DX: wiitisą
*O: sattun
*DXX: qiptantisą
*Q: pikkisattun
*DXXX: ustantisą
*M: tuqsattun
*DXXXX: niwantisą
*Ī (10000): zilliun
*O: santų
*Ī̄ (1,0000,0000): tussilliun
*Q: pinkisantų
*M: tuxantų
*Ī (10000): zillių
*Ī̄ (1,0000,0000): tuxillių


Numerals percede nouns. Numbers above 1 take the genitive (partitive) singular.
Numerals percede nouns. Numbers above 1 take the genitive (partitive) singular.
===Declension===
===Declension===
''ainuq'' declines as a singular ''-uq'' adjective. ''pikkiq'' and ''whiiq'' decline like -iq adjectives, and ''qiptun'', ''astaa'', ''nivun'' and ''tisun'' decline like neuter nouns.
''ainuq'' declines as a singular ''-uq'' adjective. ''pikkiq'' and ''wiïq'' decline like -iq adjectives, and ''qiptun'', ''astaa'', ''nivun'' and ''tisun'' decline like neuter nouns.
====''tuwaa''====
====''tuwai''====
*nom./acc./voc. ''tuwaa'' (inanimate), ''tuwai'' (animate)
*nom./acc./voc. ''tuwaa'' (animate), ''tuwai'' (inanimate)
*gen. ''tuwuun, tuun''
*gen. ''tuwuun, tuun''
*dat./abl. ''tuwaavuq'' (inanimate), ''tuwaivuq'' (animate)
*dat./abl. ''tuwaavuq'' (animate), ''tuwaivuq'' (inanimate)
*loc. ''tuwaavi'' (inanimate), ''tuwaivi'' (animate)
*loc. ''tuwaavi'' (animate), ''tuwaivi'' (inanimate)


====''tria''====
====''tria''====
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====''kituara''====
====''kituara''====
*nom./acc./voc. ''kituariq'' (animate), ''kituara'' (inanimate)
*nom./voc. ''kituariq'' (animate), ''kituara'' (inanimate)
*acc. ''kituaraaq'' (animate), ''kituara'' (inanimate)
*gen. ''kituaruun''
*gen. ''kituaruun''
*dat./abl. ''kituaravuq''
*dat./abl. ''kituaravuq''
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==Derivation==
==Derivation==
*''-isuq'' = forms adjectives (< -ik'os)
*''-isúq'' = forms adjectives (< -ik'os)
*Verb prefixes: ''in-'', ''at-'', ''attir-'', ''pi-'', ''su-'', ''san-'', ''ik(s)-'', ''pir-'', ''qupir-'', ''quu-'', ...
*Verb prefixes: ''in-'', ''at-'', ''attir-'', ''pi-'', ''su-'', ''san-'', ''ik(s)-'', ''pir-'', ''hupir-'', ''huu-'', ...
**Ex. from ''wiitit'' 'he sees': ''ikwiitit'' 'he identifies, he susses out', ''atwiitit'' 'he looks at', ''piwiitit'' 'he sees fit'; ''attirpiwiitit'' 'he agrees'; ''suwiitit'' 'he sees to it (that)'
**Ex. from ''wiitit'' 'he sees': ''ikwiitit'' 'he identifies, he susses out', ''atwiitit'' 'he sees to it that', ''piwiitit'' 'he sees fit'; ''attirwiitit'' 'he agrees' (negative polarity item like the English ''see eye to eye''); ''suwiitit'' 'he witnesses'
*''-inuq'' = agent
*''-inuq'' = agent
*''-inia'' (from *-nih2) = feminine agent
*''-niq'' (from *-nih2) = feminine agent
**''reezinia'' = queen, from ''reezaq'' king
**''reeziniq'' = queen, from ''reezaq'' king
*''-allun'' (from *-tlóm) = instrument
*''-allún'' (from *-tlóm) = instrument
 
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
todo: change to VSO / TopicVSO
Qunngartutannguaq word order is SOV by default but can be changed due to emphasis. On the other hand, Prisinitutannguaq is consistently SVO.
Qunngartutannguaq word order is SOV by default but can be changed due to emphasis. On the other hand, Prisinitutannguaq is consistently SVO.


:'''''Kiiwuq piksuq wutarit naaksit.'''''
:PIE: '''''gʷih₃wós pisḱós wédni n̥h₂sḱéti.'''''
:Qunng: '''''Kīwóh piksóh wótanit naksít.'''''
:Pris: '''''Kiiwỏ piksỏ naksỉt (w)ỏtraat.'''''
:Modern: '''''Kiu piks näksed hõv õdrad.'''''
:''The living fish swims in the water.''
:''The living fish swims in the water.''


Adjectives and genitives precede nouns, and relative clauses follow nouns.
Adjectives and genitives precede nouns, and relative clauses follow nouns.


==Sample texts==
===Schleicher's Fable===
''Awiq iswaaq-ki''
''Awiq, jungmai walinaa neen iqqi, iwiti iswuuq, ainun karun waznun tinngattan, ainun-ki mizalun kraaman, ainun-ki zamunan asu virattan. Awiq nuu iswavuq iwaki: "Sartaq anngitur mai, witattii zamunan iswuuq asattan." Iswaaq nuu awii iwakeer: "Asauqee, awi, sartaq anngitur ammai witattavuq situt: Zamaa, teepputiq, ut awijuun walinaat karnit qai girmun wingman. Awii nuu walinaa neen eet." Awiq nuu situt slauqaawuq in plaanun ivuki.''
====Hypothetical Roman transcription====
AVEH·ISVACCI
AVEH·IVGMÆ·VALINA·NEN·EHHI·IVITI·ISVVH·ÆNVN·CARVN·VAZNVN·TINGATTAN·ÆNVNCI·MIZALVN·CRAMAN·ÆNVNCI·ZAMVNAN·ASV·FIRATTAN


[[Category:Indo-European languages|Q]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages|Q]]
IlL
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