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Verse:Lõis/Qivattutannguaq: Difference between revisions
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'''Qivattutannguaq''' is a diachronic IE conlang created by a 19th-century Lõisian fantasy author. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Vowels: i u a ii uu ee aa ai au iu ui | Vowels: i u a ii uu ee aa ai au iu ui | ||
Consonants: p v t d s z k g q m n ng l r j w /p v t ð~d s z k ɣ~g χ m n ŋ l | Consonants: p v t d s z k g q m n ng l r j w /p v t ð~d s z k ɣ~g q~χ m n ŋ l (uvular R) j w/ | ||
Voiceless stops are unaspirated. | Voiceless stops are unaspirated. | ||
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l before voiceless consonants = /ɬ/ | l before voiceless consonants = /ɬ/ | ||
nt > | nt nd > nt, ndʰ > nn | ||
==Pronouns== | ==Pronouns== | ||
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*The nominative is used for subjects and predicate objects. In Prisinitutannguaq, it is also used for direct objects, and the -q and -n endings are dropped. | *The nominative is used for subjects and predicate objects. In Prisinitutannguaq, it is also used for direct objects, and the -q and -n endings are dropped. | ||
*Dative objects and benefactives use the dative. It is also used for "have", as in Latin. | *Dative objects and benefactives use the dative. It is also used for "have", as in Latin. | ||
*The genitive is used for attributive possession and "belongs to" possession. Genitives come | *The genitive is used for attributive possession and "belongs to" possession. Genitives come before nouns. | ||
* | *The direct object of an affirmative verb takes the accusative, and the direct object of a negated verb takes the ablative: | ||
**''Suwaa | **''Suwaa walkum iwiti.'' = The dog saw a wolf. | ||
**''Suwaa | **''Suwaa walkiat nēm iwiti.'' = The dog did not see a wolf. | ||
*Static locations take the locative. A preposition such as ''in'' or ''at'' can be used but is not necessary. | *Static locations take the locative. A preposition such as ''in'' or ''at'' can be used but is not necessary. | ||
*Destinations for prepositions indicating destination like ''in'' 'into', ''at'' 'at' or ''ipi'' 'onto' take the accusative. | *Destinations for prepositions indicating destination like ''in'' 'into', ''at'' 'at' or ''ipi'' 'onto' take the accusative. | ||
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===Thematic=== | ===Thematic=== | ||
====o-stem masculine==== | ====o-stem masculine==== | ||
====o-stem neuter==== | ====o-stem neuter==== | ||
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==Numerals== | ==Numerals== | ||
*zero: | *zero: nuillur (m.), nuillaa (f.), nuillų (n.) | ||
*I: | *I: áinur (m.), áinaa (f.), áinų (n.); ordinal ''pramúr'' | ||
*II: tuwái (inanimate), tuwáa (animate); ordinal '' | *II: tuwái (inanimate), tuwáa (animate); ordinal ''ántirur'' | ||
*III: | *III: tríir (animate), tría (inanimate); ordinal ''tirtúr'' | ||
*IIII: | *IIII: kituárir (animate), kituára (inanimate); ordinal ''kituartúr'' | ||
*Λ. | *Λ. pínkir; ordinal ''píktur'' | ||
*ΛΙ: | *ΛΙ: wiír; ordinal ''wíhtur'' | ||
*ΛΙΙ: | *ΛΙΙ: híptą; ordinal ''híptammur'' | ||
*ΛΙΙΙ: ustáa; ordinal '' | *ΛΙΙΙ: ustáa; ordinal ''ústaawur'' | ||
*ΛIIII: | *ΛIIII: níwą; ordinal ''níwammur'' | ||
*Χ: | *Χ: tísą; ordinal ''tísammur'' | ||
*XI: | *XI: ainumpirsą | ||
*XII: | *XII: tuumpirsą | ||
*XIII: | *XIII: triipirsą | ||
*XIIII: | *XIIII: kituarpirsą | ||
*XΛ: | *XΛ: pikkipirsą | ||
*XΛI: | *XΛI: wiipirsą | ||
*XΛII: | *XΛII: qiptapirsą | ||
*XΛIII: | *XΛIII: ustaapirsą | ||
*XΛIIII: | *XΛIIII: niwapirsą | ||
*XX: | *XX: tuihtisaą | ||
*XXI: | *XXI: ainumpirtuihtisą | ||
*XXII: | *XXII: tuumpirtuihtisą | ||
*... | *... | ||
*XXX: | *XXX: tirtisą | ||
*XXXX: | *XXXX: kituartisą | ||
*D: | *D: pinkitisą | ||
*DX: | *DX: wiitisą | ||
*DXX: | *DXX: qiptantisą | ||
*DXXX: | *DXXX: ustantisą | ||
*DXXXX: | *DXXXX: niwantisą | ||
*O: | *O: santų | ||
*Q: | *Q: pinkisantų | ||
*M: | *M: tuxantų | ||
*Ī (10000): | *Ī (10000): zillių | ||
*Ī̄ (1,0000,0000): | *Ī̄ (1,0000,0000): tuxillių | ||
Numerals percede nouns. Numbers above 1 take the genitive (partitive) singular. | Numerals percede nouns. Numbers above 1 take the genitive (partitive) singular. | ||
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==Derivation== | ==Derivation== | ||
*''-isúq'' = forms adjectives (< -ik'os) | *''-isúq'' = forms adjectives (< -ik'os) | ||
*Verb prefixes: ''in-'', ''at-'', ''attir-'', ''pi-'', ''su-'', ''san-'', ''ik(s)-'', ''pir-'', '' | *Verb prefixes: ''in-'', ''at-'', ''attir-'', ''pi-'', ''su-'', ''san-'', ''ik(s)-'', ''pir-'', ''hupir-'', ''huu-'', ... | ||
**Ex. from ''wiitit'' 'he sees': ''ikwiitit'' 'he identifies, he susses out', ''atwiitit'' 'he sees to it that', ''piwiitit'' 'he sees fit'; ''attirwiitit'' 'he agrees'; ''suwiitit'' 'he witnesses' | **Ex. from ''wiitit'' 'he sees': ''ikwiitit'' 'he identifies, he susses out', ''atwiitit'' 'he sees to it that', ''piwiitit'' 'he sees fit'; ''attirwiitit'' 'he agrees' (negative polarity item like the English ''see eye to eye''); ''suwiitit'' 'he witnesses' | ||
*''-inuq'' = agent | *''-inuq'' = agent | ||
*''- | *''-niq'' (from *-nih2) = feminine agent | ||
**'' | **''reeziniq'' = queen, from ''reezaq'' king | ||
*''-allún'' (from *-tlóm) = instrument | *''-allún'' (from *-tlóm) = instrument | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
todo: change to VSO / TopicVSO | |||
Qunngartutannguaq word order is SOV by default but can be changed due to emphasis. On the other hand, Prisinitutannguaq is consistently SVO. | Qunngartutannguaq word order is SOV by default but can be changed due to emphasis. On the other hand, Prisinitutannguaq is consistently SVO. | ||
:PIE: '''''gʷih₃wós pisḱós wédni n̥h₂sḱéti.''''' | :PIE: '''''gʷih₃wós pisḱós wédni n̥h₂sḱéti.''''' | ||
:Qunng: ''''' | :Qunng: '''''Kīwóh piksóh wótanit naksít.''''' | ||
:Pris: '''''Kiiwỏ piksỏ naksỉt (w) | :Pris: '''''Kiiwỏ piksỏ naksỉt (w)ỏtraat.''''' | ||
:Modern: '''''Kiu piks näksed hõv õdrad.''''' | :Modern: '''''Kiu piks näksed hõv õdrad.''''' | ||
:''The living fish swims in the water.'' | :''The living fish swims in the water.'' | ||
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Adjectives and genitives precede nouns, and relative clauses follow nouns. | Adjectives and genitives precede nouns, and relative clauses follow nouns. | ||
[[Category:Indo-European languages|Q]] | [[Category:Indo-European languages|Q]] | ||