138,726
edits
Vruxma: Difference between revisions
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| (18 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Vruxma''' / | '''Vruxma''' /ˈvruxma/ is a classical language of Tricin and a significant source of loanwords in Gussnish and Cuam. | ||
= Phonology = | |||
a e i o u ə ɨ y (''a e i o u ə î ü'') | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Lateral !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | |||
|- | |||
| Nasal || m /m/|| n /n/|| || || || || ŋ /ŋ/ || | |||
|- | |||
| Aspirated Stop/Affricate || p /p/ || t /t/ || c /ts/ || tł /tɬ/ || č /tʃ/ || || k /k/ || | |||
|- | |||
| Unaspirated Stop/Affricate || b /b/ || d /d/ || dz /dz/ || dλ /dɮ/ || dž /dʒ/|| || g /g/|| | |||
|- | |||
| Voiceless Fricative || f /f/ || θ /θ/|| s /s/ || ł /ɬ/|| š /ʃ/ || || x /x/ || h /h/ | |||
|- | |||
| Voiced Fricative || v /v/ || δ /ð/|| z /z/|| λ /ɮ/ || ž /ʒ/|| || γ /ɣ/|| | |||
|- | |||
| Voiceless Trill || || || rh /r̥/ || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
| Voiced Trill || || || r /r/ || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
| Approximant || || || || l /l/|| || y /j/|| w /w/|| | |||
|} | |||
In some accents, the trill /r/ is merged with /l/, the voiceless trill is merged with /h/, and /r/ is eliminated in Cr- clusters. | |||
=Morphology= | |||
General idea: "a synthetic fusional language with Thai pragmatics" | |||
==Nouns== | |||
Vruxma nouns occur in four cases: topical, direct, oblique, vocative; as well as absolute, definite, and construct states. | |||
Notably, number marking in Vruxma occurs only in the construct state. Vruxma has a system of classifiers like Thai, and plural marking generally occurs only on classifiers -- otherwise nouns are plurality-neutral. | |||
Vruxma has no grammatical gender. | |||
==Pronouns== | |||
Pronouns are generally optional in Vruxma, and are often substituted with titles or kinship terms. These are generally used to specify age, gender, and other attributes. | |||
Vruxma has a three-way system of demonstratives which cause nominal referents to show up in the definite or construct state. | |||
==Verbs== | |||
Vruxma verbs include what would be considered verbs, adjectives, and prepositions in Indo-European languages. | |||
[[Category:Tricin]] | |||