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Wascotl: Difference between revisions
→Morphology
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===Alignment=== | ===Alignment=== | ||
Wascotl morphosyntactic alignment is not reconstructable, but most descendants have nominative-accusative alignment. | Wascotl morphosyntactic alignment is not reconstructable, but most descendants have nominative-accusative alignment. | ||
===Suffix pairs=== | |||
Each speech-part suffix had full and reduced forms. Whether alternations in these pairs marked any grammatical difference in early Wascotl in unknown; later they had already lost any such distinction with each word in most pairs being semantically distinct, but some noun pairs suggest a diminutive-augmentative split. The reduction or retention in each pair may also have been the result of an earlier infix lost without trace in the later language. | |||
===Nouns and pronouns=== | ===Nouns and pronouns=== | ||
All nouns ended in a suffix marking one of five classes as follows. | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! {{gcl|D|divine}} !! {{gcl|O|organic}} !! {{gcl|H|human}} !! {{gcl|A|animate}} !! {{gcl|I|inanimate}} | |||
|- | |||
! Full | |||
| *-ekan || *-ila || *-que || *-otl || *-scati | |||
|- | |||
! Reduced | |||
| *-kan || *-la || *-e || *-tl || *-ati | |||
|} | |||
Plural nouns and pronouns were marked by final syllable reduplication. | |||
====Pronouns==== | ====Pronouns==== | ||
The following pronouns are reconstructed. | |||
! !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|D|divine}} !! {{gcl|O|organic}} !! {{gcl|H|human}} !! {{gcl|A|animate}} !! {{gcl|I|inanimate}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
| *cek || *ques || *a'jō || *inał || *pas || *anki || *o | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
| *cek-cek || *ques-ques || *a'jō-jō || *inał-nał || *pas-pas || *anki-ki || *o-o | |||
|} | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
All verbs ended in a suffix ''*-i'' or ''*-si''. | |||
====Agreement==== | ====Agreement==== | ||
The following verb agreement prefixes are reconstructed. | The following verb agreement prefixes are reconstructed. These prefixes appear to be derived from earlier prefixed pronouns. | ||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! !! >{{gcl|1}} !! >{{gcl|2}} !! >{{gcl|D|divine}} !! >{{gcl|O|organic}} !! >{{gcl|H|human}} !! {{gcl|A|animate}} !! >{{gcl|I|inanimate}} | ! !! >{{gcl|1}} !! >{{gcl|2}} !! >{{gcl|D|divine}} !! >{{gcl|O|organic}} !! >{{gcl|H|human}} !! >{{gcl|A|animate}} !! >{{gcl|I|inanimate}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|1}} | ! {{gcl|1}} | ||
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===Adjectives and adverbs=== | ===Adjectives and adverbs=== | ||
All adjectives ended in a suffix ''*-cosc'' or ''*-osc''. | |||
Whether adverbs were a category separate from adjectives and/or verbs is unknown. | |||
===Prepositions=== | ===Prepositions=== | ||
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===Negation=== | ===Negation=== | ||
A negative particle or clitic ''*tlenō'' is reconstructed, but rules on its use are | A negative particle or clitic ''*tlenō'' is reconstructed, but rules on its use are unknown. | ||
===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Number marking on numerated nouns was likely optional. | Number marking on numerated nouns and pronouns was likely optional. | ||
===Reduplication=== | |||
Productive full reduplication may have occurred in Wascotl, but variation in the use of full reduplication in descendants make its function in Wascotl unreconstructable. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||