Yassi: Difference between revisions

Yassi (view source)

Revision as of 16:14, 13 March 2016

394 bytes added , 13 March 2016

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Ciray Khan

46

edits

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 |name=Yassi
 |nativename=''yāssǝy sor''
-|states=[[w:Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], [[w:People's Republic of China|China]], [[w:Pakistan|Pakistan]],
+|states=[[w:Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], [[w:People's Republic of China|China]], [[w:Pakistan|Pakistan]]
 |speakers=164
 |date=1979
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
-'''Yassi''' is a language spoken in the Yas River Valley in north-eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan and China.
+'''Yassi''' is a language spoken in the Yas River Valley in north-eastern [[w:Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], northern [[w:Pakistan|Pakistan]] and western [[w:People’s Republic of China|China]].
 == Classification ==
-For a long time, Yassi was seen as one of the languages that belong to the areal Pamir language group. Nowadays it's usually classified as a [[w:Uralic language|Uralic language]], though its exact relationship to the Uralic languages is a matter of debate.
+For a long time, Yassi had been seen as one of the languages that belong to the areal Pamir language group. Nowadays it's usually classified as a [[w:Uralic language|Uralic language]], though its exact relationship to the Uralic languages is a matter of debate.
 There are certain words of the basic vocabulary which show a closer relation to the [[w:Samoyedic languages|Samoyedic]] than to the [[w:Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric]] subgroup, like nǝk (PS *näk- instead of FU *kolme 'three'), mǝkt (PS *mǝktut instead of FU *kutte 'six') and swam (PS *time instead of FU *piŋe 'tooth'). However, research has shown that it's often not possible to derive these words from mainstream Proto-Samoyed: Rather, both Yassi swam 'tooth' and Proto-Samoyed *time 'tooth' seem to go back to PU *sewimä 'tooth'. Furthermore, Yassi pǝn 'comb' is assumed to be a cognate to FU *piŋe 'tooth'. Therefore, and as the subgrouping of the Uralic languages is still controversial, Yassi must remain classified an independent branch of Proto-Uralic.
 == Dialects ==
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 == Phonology ==
-===[[Vowel]]s===
+===[[w:Vowel|Vowel]]s===
 {|class="wikitable"
 !
-![[Front vowel|Front]]
+![[w:Front vowel|Front]]
-![[Central vowel|Central]]
+![[w:Central vowel|Central]]
-![[Back vowel|Back]]
+![[w:Back vowel|Back]]
 |-align=center
-![[Close vowel|Close]]
+![[w:Close vowel|Close]]
 |i || || u
 |-align=center
-![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
+![[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
 |e
 |ə
 |o
 |-align=center
-![[Open vowel|Open]]
+![[w:Open vowel|Open]]
 |
 |a
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 Yassi also has the [[w:diphthong|diphthong]]s /ai/, /ɑi/, /əi/, /ɑw/, /aw/, /oi/, /ui/.
-===[[Consonant]]s===
+===[[w:Consonant|Consonant]]s===
 {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 ! colspan=2|
@@ Line 163: / Line 163: @@
 |r
 |
-|style="background:#EEE8AA" |ɺ̢
+| ɺ̢
 |
 |
@@ Line 176: / Line 176: @@
 === Cases ===
-Unlike other Uralic languages which have kept an agglutinative case system, the Yassi declension displays an inflectional type close to Indo-European idioms. All the endings are genuinely inherited, though. The transition from agglutination to inflection is the consequence of far-reaching sound changes Yassi has been subjected to. In this respect notice also the quite regular loss of the first vowel in the oblique cases (prepositional and genitives cases singular and plural as well as accusative plural). For the word ǝx̌t 'son', the putative Proto-Uralic origin is given in brackets:
+Unlike other Uralic languages which have kept an agglutinative case system, the Yassi declension displays an inflectional type close to Indo-European idioms. All the endings are genuinely inherited, though. The transition from agglutination to inflection is the consequence of far-reaching sound changes Yassi has been subjected to. In this respect notice the occasional loss of the first vowel in the oblique cases (prepositional and genitives cases singular and plural as well as accusative plural). The reason is the different stress in Proto-Yassi: The nominative of ‘mother’ was áma (> am), but the prepositional was ‘amáta’ (> mal). However, this loss affects mostly a and ā; i remains. For the word ix̌t 'son', the putative Proto-Uralic origin is given in brackets:
 ==== Singular ====
-* nominative: '''mǝ''' ('I') '''am''' ('mother') '''ǝx̌t''' ('son') (< PU *irkä)
+* nominative: '''mǝ''' ('I') '''am''' ('mother') '''ix̌t''' ('son') (< PU *irkä)
-* accusative: '''mǝn''' ('me') '''am''' ('mother') '''ǝx̌t''' ('son') (< PU *irkä-m)
+* accusative: '''mǝn''' ('me') '''am''' ('mother') '''ix̌t''' ('son') (< PU *irkä-m)
-* prepositional: '''min''' ('to me') '''mal''' ('to the mother') '''x̌tal''' ('to the son') (< PU *irkä-tä)
+* prepositional: '''min''' ('to me') '''mal''' ('to the mother') '''ix̌tal''' ('to the son') (< PU *irkä-tä)
-* genitive: '''mǝnǝy''' ('mine') '''amǝy''' ('mother's') '''ǝx̌tǝy''' ('son's') (< PU *irkä-k)
+* genitive: '''mǝnǝy''' ('mine') '''amǝy''' ('mother's') '''ix̌tǝy''' ('son's') (< PU *irkä-k)
 ==== Plural ====
-* nominative: '''ǝx̌tǝl''' ('sons') (< PU *irkä-t)
+* nominative: '''amǝl''' (‘mothers’) '''ix̌tǝl''' ('sons') (< PU *irkä-t)
-* accusative: '''x̌tal''' ('sons') (< PU *irkä-t-äm)
+* accusative: '''mal'''  (‘mothers’) '''ix̌tal''' ('sons') (< PU *irkä-t-äm)
-* prepositional: '''x̌tat''' ('to the sons') (< PU *irkä-t-tä)
+* prepositional: '''mat''' (‘to the mothers’) '''ix̌tat''' ('to the sons') (< PU *irkä-t-tä)
-* genitive: '''x̌talǝy''' ('of the sons') (< PU *irkä-t-äk)
+* genitive: '''malǝy''' (‘of the mothers’) '''ix̌talǝy''' ('of the sons') (< PU *irkä-t-äk)
 == Vocabulary ==
@@ Line 259: / Line 259: @@
 | ten thousand || || wewar
 |}
-[[Category:Uralic languages]]
+[[Category:languages]]