Zarḍenlaṇḍs: Difference between revisions

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'''Zeelaṇḍs''' /ˈzeːlaɳʈs/ is a Thedic language spoken in Lõis's Sicily. It is closely related to [[Thedish]].
'''Zarḍenlaṇḍs''' /ˈzaʀɖəlaɳʈs/ (name to be changed;  Thedish: ''Sardenlandьsk'') is an Ingvaeonic language spoken in Lõis's Sardinia and Corsica. It's from a separate branch from English and Frisian.
 
It's a member of the Sardinian sprachbund along with Thedish, Sardinian and Kyravar Mazhi, and has a dental-retroflex distinction. The main source of retroflexion in Zardenlands is from a consonant shift where Proto-Ingvaeonic þ d became d ḍ.


It is inspired by Dutch and Afrikaans but it has retroflexes, from the following sound changes:
*Old Thedish þ > d and Old Thedish d > ɖ
*Old Thedish ft, cht > ṭṭ
**aṭ "eight" < OTh achta
**stiṭṭing "foundation" < *stift-ъnga
*Old Thedish hn-, hl- > ṇ-, ḷ-
**ṇauw "narrow" < OTh hnawwъ
**ḷachen "laugh" < OTh hlahhjьnъ
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
As in Standard Dutch, but with the addition of '''ṭ ḍ ṇ ḷ''' /ʈ ɖ ɳ ɭ/. /s z/ have allophones [ʂ ʐ] around retroflexes. [ʀ] is preferred for /r/.
As in Standard Dutch, but with the addition of '''ṭ ḍ ṇ ḷ''' /ʈ ɖ ɳ ɭ/. /s z/ have allophones [ʂ ʐ] around retroflexes. [ʀ] is preferred for /r/.


==Nouns==
==Nouns==
Like Afrikaans, Zeelaṇḍs uses the invariable definite article ''die'' and indefinite article ''een''.
Zardenlands has two grammatical genders like Dutch and Swedish: common and neuter.
 
Pluralization normally uses ''-s'' or ''-en'', but some plurals use different affixes: ''die kiṇḍ'' = the child, ''die kiṇḍeren'' 'the children'.


==Adjectives==
==Adjectives==
The inflected form in ''-e'' is usually used for attributive adjectives regardless of the Dutch or Old Thedish gender:
*''een kleine man, een kleine vrouw, een kleine huis, kleine mannen/vrouwen/huizen''
*''die kleine man, die kleine vrouw, die kleine huis, die kleine mannen/vrouwen/huizen''


==Verbs==
==Verbs==
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''Alle mensen worden vrij en gelijk in waardigheiḍ en reṭṭen geboren. Zij zijn begiftigḍ meṭ verstaṇḍ en geweten, en behoren zich jegens elkander in een geest van broeḍerschap te geḍragen.''
''Alle mensen worden vrij en gelijk in waardigheiḍ en reṭṭen geboren. Zij zijn begiftigḍ meṭ verstaṇḍ en geweten, en behoren zich jegens elkander in een geest van broeḍerschap te geḍragen.''


[[Category:Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]][[Category:Jokelangs]]

Latest revision as of 19:37, 8 September 2021

Zarḍenlaṇḍs /ˈzaʀɖəlaɳʈs/ (name to be changed; Thedish: Sardenlandьsk) is an Ingvaeonic language spoken in Lõis's Sardinia and Corsica. It's from a separate branch from English and Frisian.

It's a member of the Sardinian sprachbund along with Thedish, Sardinian and Kyravar Mazhi, and has a dental-retroflex distinction. The main source of retroflexion in Zardenlands is from a consonant shift where Proto-Ingvaeonic þ d became d ḍ.

Phonology

As in Standard Dutch, but with the addition of ṭ ḍ ṇ ḷ /ʈ ɖ ɳ ɭ/. /s z/ have allophones [ʂ ʐ] around retroflexes. [ʀ] is preferred for /r/.

Nouns

Zardenlands has two grammatical genders like Dutch and Swedish: common and neuter.

Adjectives

Verbs

dental-retro alternations

Class 1

  • lijden, leeḍ, geleḍen = to suffer (minimal pair with leiḍen = to lead)
  • strijden, streeḍ, gestreḍen = to fight (by analogy)
  • schijnen, scheeṇ, gescheṇen 'shine, seem'

Class 2

  • vriezen, vroor, gevroren = to freeze

Class 4a

  • biṇḍen, boṇḍ, geboṇḍen = to bind, to tie

Sample text

Alle mensen worden vrij en gelijk in waardigheiḍ en reṭṭen geboren. Zij zijn begiftigḍ meṭ verstaṇḍ en geweten, en behoren zich jegens elkander in een geest van broeḍerschap te geḍragen.