Literature:Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá

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The Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá (教年當配漢字表, literally "List of Hondzú by School Year"), commonly called Gavgyukk hondzú (教育漢字, literally "Education Hondzú"), is a list of hondzú and associated readings developed and maintained by the Hungarian Ministry of Education that prescribes which hondzú, and which readings of hondzú, Hungarian schoolchildren should learn for each year of primary school. Gavgyukk hondzú is a subset of Tagjony hondzúfá.

The first version of the list was introduced in 1949, and has subsequently been modified a number of times.

Year 1 (78 hondzú)

Where two hondzú are listed, separated by a stroke (/), the form to the left is the Old Form (古字形, gódzúhen), and the one to the right is the New Form (新字形, síndzúhen).

# Hondzú Strokes Middle Chinese reading Hon (Sinitic) reading Native (Ma) reading Meaning Notes
1 1 /ʔiɪt̚/ ít̚/et̚/ett egy/egye- one In legal/financial applications, 壹/弌 is used.
2 2 /ȵiɪH/ nyi', nyí kette-/kettő/két two In legal/financial applications, 貳/弍 is used.
3 3 /sɑm/ szam három/hárma-/harma- three In legal/financial applications, 弎 is used.
4 5 /siɪH/ si'/sí négy/negye- four In legal/financial applications, 肆 is used.
5 4 /ŋuoX/ gu"/gú öt five In legal/financial applications, 伍 is used.
6 4 /lɨuk̚/ lyük̚/lyükk hat six In legal/financial applications, 陸 is used - see Kyoiku 631.
7 𠀁/ 2 /t͡sʰiɪt̚/ szít̚/szet̚/szett hét/hete- seven In legal/financial applications, 柒 is used.
8 8 /pˠɛt̚/ pet̚/pett nyolc eight In legal/financial applications, 捌 is used.
9 2 /kɨuX/ kü"/kű kilenc nine In legal/financial applications, 玖 is used.
10 2 /d͡ʑiɪp̚/ dzsíp̚/dzsipp tíz/tize- ten In legal/financial applications, 拾 is used - see Kyoiku 317.
11 6 /pˠæk̚/ pek̚/pekk száz hundred In legal/financial applications, 佰 is used.
12 3 /t͡sʰen/ szin ezer/ezre- thousand In legal/financial applications, 仟 is used.
13 3 /d͡ʑɨɐŋH/ csön(g), san fel up
14 3 /ɦˠaH/ ha'/ha, ga'/ga le, le-; al- down; lower-, under- (as prefix)
15 5 /t͡sɑH/ ca'/ca bal left (side); mis-
16 5 /ɦɨuX/ hü"/hű jobb right (side)
17 4 /ʈɨuŋ/ csun(g) köz/köze-/közé-/közö- middle
18 3 /dɑiH/ daj', dá', da" nagy; fő big; main, major (uncommon)
19 3 /siᴇuX/ söv, su" kis, kics- small, little
20 4 /ŋʉɐt̚/ gvöt̚/gvött hold; hó moon; month
21 𡆠/ 4 /ȵiɪt̚/ jit̚/nyit̚/jitt/nyitt nap sun; day 𡆠 used now only in 月𡆠, "hó-nap"
22 6 /nen/ nen év year
23 6 /t͡sɑuX/ cav, có kora, korán early (adv)
24 4 /muk̚/ muk̚/mukk fa; fa- tree; wood; wooden
25 8 /liɪm/ rim erd-/erdő/erde- forest
26 3 /ʃˠɛn/ sen hegy mountain
27 3 /t͡ɕʰiuᴇn/ tyén river in RWH, "jó" is now found in names only, e.g. Sajó; RWH "folyó" is not used in SM.
28 3 /tʰuoX/ ho"/hó talaj soil, earth
29 𠀝 (空) 6 /kʰuŋ/ hun(g) ég; lég-/levegő sky; air 空 is recognised as an acceptable variant; mostly used in works translated from Chinese or Japanese.
30 5 /den/ den mező/meze-; den field; land The "land" meaning, read with the Hon reading, is in the sense of e.g. farmland, ploughed land. RWH "föld" is a loan from German and is considered non-standard since 1949.
31 4 /tʰen/ ten, hen menny sky, heavens
32 5 /ʃˠæŋ/ sen(g) nő; szűl to grow; to give birth
33 7 /hˠua/ va virág flower
34 9 /t͡sʰɑuX/ szav, szó fű, füv- grass
35 蟲/ 6 /ɖɨuŋ/ dün(g) rovar insect
36 4 /kʰwenX/ vin eb dog RWH word 'kutya', written , is known fairly widely, but not often used, and isn't on tagjony list.
37 2 /ȵiɪn/ nyín; ín, in nyín ; nép person, individual; people In the sense of "person", RHW "személy" is unknown; "nyín" is used instead.
38 6 /miᴇŋ/ min(g), mén(g) hír; név/neve- fame; name
39 3 /ɳɨʌX/ (nyü), nő woman, wife
40 7 /nʌm/ nam huja; hím man; male RWH "férfi" is known but rare. "huja" is from Proto-Uralic *koje, cf. Mansi χoj, Khanty χoj, Kildin Sami kuj.
41 3 /t͡sɨX/ ce" gyerek child
42 5 /mɨuk̚/ mük̚/mükk szem; vél eye; to opine, to consider
43 6 /ȵɨX/ nye fül ear
44 3 /kʰəuX/ hu száj mouth
45 4 /ɕɨuX/ szü/szű kéz, keze- hand
46 7 /t͡sɨok̚/ csük̚/csükk láb; lép foot, leg; to step
47 7 /kenH/ kin lát to see
48 9 /ʔˠiɪm/ üm zaj sound, noise
49 2 /lɨk̚/ lük̚/lükk erő, ere-; -ség/-ság power, force, strength; ability Use as a suffix is now uncommon but still correct.
50 氣/ 6 /kʰɨiH/, /hɨiH/ tyü', hü' erő, ere- energy
51 2 /ȵiɪp̚/ nyíp̚/nyípp be/be-; -ba/-be in, in- Use as illative case marker considered obsolete since 1949.
52 5 /t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚/ tyot̚/tyott ki/ki-; -ból/-ből out, out- Use as elative case marker considered obsolete since 1949.
53 5 /liɪp̚/ líp̚/lípp áll to stand
54 6 /hɨu/ pihen to rest
55 6 /sen/ szen el- first, before, beforehand, etc.
56 3 /ziᴇk̚/ zsek̚/zsekk est, este evening (n)
57 5 /puənX/ fun gyök, gyök{ér} root
58 4 /mɨun/ mün mün written language; text RWH phrasal noun "írott nyelv" not used; RWH "szöveg" unknown.
59 6 /d͡zɨH/ dzu, dze betű letter, character
60 學/ 8 /ɦˠʌk̚/ hak̚/gak̚/gakk tan, -tan science, study (n), -logy, theory, doctrine
61 10 /ɦˠauH/ hav/gav school Used mostly in compounds, but occasionally alone, read as "gú". RWH "iskola" is known, written in Squarescript.
62 7 /t͡sʰuən/ szün szün hamlet, settlement, village RWH word "falú does not exist.
63 7 /tʰeŋ/ hen(g) tér field, area, square (in city) Used for all RW senses of "tér"; pitch/rink/etc - area for playing a game (RWH "pálya" is unknown).
/deŋX/ den(g) dengg town RHW "falú" is unknown
64 12 /ʃˠiɪm/ sim bozót thicket, dense forest
65 5 /t͡ɕiᴇŋ/ csén(g) cséngg precise, exact; right, correct RHW "pontos" and "helyes" unknown.
66 4 /ɕˠiuɪX/ si víz water
67 4 /huɑX/ va" tűz fire
68 5 /ŋɨok̚/ gyük̚/gyükk/ék ék gem, jewel Mostly used in compounds.
69 4 /ɦʉɐŋ/ hán(g) kende; hán king "kende" is used only for the king of Hungary; "hán" for all others. RHW "király" is known (written in Squarescript) but considered obsolete.
70 5 /d͡ʑiᴇk̚/ gyég kő, köv-, kav- stone, rock
71 絲/ 6 /sɨ/ sze szíj; sáv string, thread; lane, row RWH "cérna" is loan from German - known in SM but considered non-standard; "szíj" is not used in RWH sense of "belt".
72 7 /pɑiH/ paj paj coin RHW "érme" is unknown. RWH "pénz" (as "péndz") is known (written in Squarescript), but is not used like RWH "aprópénz" for "coin(s)".
73 7 /t͡ɕʰia/ sa szekér vehicle RWH "kocsi" is unknown; "szekér" is used to refer to all sorts of land vehicle, powered or otherwise.
74 8 /kˠiɪm/ küm fém metal
75 雨/ 7 /ɦɨoX/ hö' ragy rain SM "ragy" cf. Mansi rakw; RWH "eső" does not exist in the sense of "rain".
76 7 /t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚/ tyek̚/tyekk pir, pir{os} red
77 8 /t͡sʰeŋ/ szén(g) kék blue; black (of hair);
green (of forests)
78 5 /bˠæk̚/ bek̚/bekk fehér/fejér white

Year 2 (163 hondzú)

# Hondzú Strokes Middle Chinese reading Hon (Sinitic) reading Native (Ma) reading Meaning Notes
79 數/ 13 /ʃɨoX/ sö" gyakor-/gyakr{an} often, frequent
80 6 /tɑ/ ta sok many; much
81 4 /ɕiᴇuX/ söv eje young, juvenile RWH "ifjú" unknown; "eje" from Proto-Ugric *äjɜ
82 萬/ 3 /mʉɐnH/ möny mönny ten thousand RWH "tízezer" not used
83 5 /puɑnH/ fany fél/fele- half
84 7 /ɦeŋ/ hen(g) alak shape, form
85 4 /tʰɑiH/ taj, haj túl too
86 11 /seiH/ szej sovány skinny
87 廣/ 5 /kwɑŋX/ kvan(g) laza loose
88 8 /ɖɨɐŋ/ gyön(g) hossz length
89 點/ 9 /temX/ tem csepp, csöpp drip (n), drop (of water)
90 3 /ɦuɑn/ van gömb sphere
91 6 /kˠau/ kav/gav, gá vegy{ít} to mix, to blend, to combine (vt)
92 6 /kwɑŋ/ kvan(g) fény light modern Japanese/Chinese form '光' not used
93 12 /ŋɨo/ gyö zug corner "zug" is RW/SM from PUg *suŋɜ; RWH "sarok" unknown
94 7 /kˠʌk̚/ kok̚/kokk szarv antler, horn
95 9 /keiH/ kej mér to measure
96 8 /ɖɨk̚/ dik̚/dikk taza straight line (n) "taza" from PU *tasa; RWH "egyenes" unknown
97 15 /siᴇnH/ sen von to line, to draw a line;
to draw, to drag, to pull
98 5 /ɕˠiɪX/ szü"/szű nyíl arrow
99 10 /ȵɨɐk̚/ nyök̚/nyökk gyenge weak
100 11 /ɡɨɐŋ/ gyön(g) terev/terv- force, strength, power "terev" from PFU *tärmä, cf. Mansi tērəŋ, Khanty tärəm
101 10 /kɑu/ kav harav/harv- tall; high RWH "magas" unknown; "harav" from PU *korkɜ
102 6 /duŋ/ dun(g) azon that one, those (Ger. derselbe, jener)
103 16 /t͡sʰiɪn/ szín rokon blood relative, kin
104 5 /məuX/ mu anya mother
105 4 /bɨoX/ apa, atya father
106 8 /t͡sɨX/ ce háza, cej older sister "háza" cf. Khanty "χatȧ"; "cej" adapted from hon reading, former rarer/poetic; RWH "nővér" unknown
107 5 /hˠwiæŋ/ vég bátty older brother
108 7 /deiX/ dej öccs younger brother
109 8 /muʌiH/ müj húg younger sister
110 6 /d͡ziɪH/ dzi' ön-; saját self-; one's own
111 4 /ɦɨuX/ hü"/hű ját friend; companion, partner in RWH "ját" is archaic; in SM "társ" unknown; "barát" in Squarescript as loan
112 體/ 7 /tʰeiX/ test body
113 4 /mɑu/ mav, mó haj hair
114 16 /dəu/ du fej; fő head;
chief, boss (n);
chief (adj), primary
115 顏/ 18 /ŋˠan/ gan arc face (lit and fig)
116 𩠐 9 /ɕɨuX/ sü"/sű nyak neck
117 4 /siɪm/ szím/szív szív heart
118 10 /d͡ʑɨ/ gye idő time
119 18 /jiᴇuH/ jöv ragyog to shine
120 12 /ʈˠiᴇu/ töv reg morning also abbr. for (North) Korea. RWH "reg" is archaic form of "reggel", "in the morning"
121 晝/ 9 /ʈɨuH/ tü'/tű dél noon RWH "dél" unknown in the sense of "south"
122 8 /jiaH/ ja, éj éj night
123 4 /pɨun/ pün/fün perc minute
124 11 /t͡ɕɨu/ tyü'/tyű tyű week RWH "hét" is not used in the sense of "week"
125 9 /t͡ɕʰiuɪn/ tyon tavasz spring (season)
126 10 /ɦˠaX/ ha nyár summer
127 9 /t͡sʰɨu/ szü'/szű ősz autumn
128 5 /tuoŋ/ fug tél winter
129 4 /kˠiɪm/ tyím most now
130 13 /siɪn/ sín új new
131 5 /kuoX/ ó, av- old
132 12 /kˠɛnH/ kin köz interval, space in between
133 4 /pʉɐŋ/ fön(g) föng parallel RWH "párhuzamos" unknown
134 5 /pək̚/ pok̚/pokk, fök̚ észak north
135 9 /nʌm/ nam nam south RWH "dél" is not used in the sense of "south", only as "noon"
136 8 /tuŋ/ tun(g) tung east RWH "kelet" unknown
137 (西) 6 /sei/ szej szej west RWH "nyugat" unknown. 西 is recognised since 1987 as an acceptable variant of 㢴
138 13 /ɦʉɐnX/ vön messze/messzi-; el/el- far; away
139 7 /ɡɨnH/ gyün raka near, close RWH "közel" unknown; "raka" from PFU *rakka, cf. "rokon"
140 9 /d͡zen/ dzin él, el- edge, front part
141 9 /ɦəuX/ hu ágya rear edge, after part "ágya" from PFU *ońća
142 4 /nuʌiH/ nüj bél; bel- inside (n); gut, internal organs; internal, domestic
143 5 /ŋuɑiH/ gvaj, gaj kül/kül- exterior; external
144 12 /ɖɨɐŋ/ gyön(g) hely place
145 6 /diɪH/ gyí, dí foda earth, ground "foda" from PIE via FP/?PFU *puntɜ, cf. Khanty pĕtə, Mansi pät; RWH "föld" is loan from German, archaic in SM
146 國/ 8 /kwək̚/ gvok̚, gök̚ orsz country RWH derivative form "ország" unknown
147 園/ 13 /ɦʉɐn/ vön liget grove; park; garden RWH "kert" unknown
148 7 /kuk̚/ kuk̚/kukk völgy valley
149 11 /jiaX/ ja, jé mező field, plain
150 10 /ŋʉɐn/ gvön rét meadow, grassland
151 7 /lɨX/ re, li rej; telep li (323 m - Tang Dynasty li); ranch, plantation, estate
152 5 /d͡ʑɨX/ gye/gyé gyéj city, town RWH "város" unknown
153 8 /kˠiæŋ/ tyen(g) tyeng ; Buda capital city; Buda RWH "főváros" unknown; also used in Tokyo, Beijing, Kyongsong etc)
154 9 /pɨuŋ/ fün(g) szél wind
155 11 /siuᴇt̚/ sét̚/sét hó/hav- snow
156 12 /ɦɨun/ jün felhő cloud
157 6 /ɖˠiᴇ/, /dɑ/ gyi, da, tó tó/tav- lake, pond
158 10 /hʌiX/ höj tenger sea, ocean
159 8 ? gyam szirt cliff; reef RWH "szikla" exists but written in Squarescript as a Slavic loan
160 9 /seŋ/ szen(g) csillag star
161 9 /ɕiɪt̚/ szít̚/szít azag, szítt room RWH "szoba" unknown
162 4 /ɦuoX/ ajtó door
163 10 /kˠa/ ka ház, haza house, home
164 6 /zɨH/ ze/zej zej Buddhist temple Buddhism was learnt from the Tang Chinese; syncretised with Magyar paganism; was discouraged by the Turks, then explicitly supressed under Hapsburg rule; re-embraced during the Reawakening of the 19th century, gaining widespread popularity in the 1900s-1930s
165 10 /tʰuŋ/ hun(g) jár to walk (vi); to go regularly, to attend; to move, move around, move repeatedly; etc.
166 8 /muən/ mén kapu gate
167 12 /dɑuX/ út road, way; Tao
168 13 /ɦˠuaiH/ faj beszéd speech, talk (n)
169 7 /ŋɨɐn/ gyön mond to say
170 12 /tʌp̚/ tap̚/tapp vógya answer (n) cf. Fin. vastaa, PFW *wasta; RWH "válasz" unknown
171 聲/ 7 /ɕiᴇŋ/ szén(g) hang voice
172 14 /mɨun/ műn hall to hear
173 14 /ŋɨʌX/ gyü"/gyű jel signal (ma reading);
spoken language (hon reading)
RWH "nyelv" not used in sense of "spoken language"
174 讀/ 14 /duk̚/ duk̚, dukk olvas to read
175 10 /ɕɨʌ/ szü/szű könyv book
176 10 /kɨH/ ke eml- memory with hon reading - poetic; ma reading used only in derived forms
177 10 /t͡ɕiᴇX/ tyi tyej, papír paper "tyej" derived from hon reading, as paper was learned from the Chinese; that word is now archaic and not used, and 紙 was assigned the "papír" reading in 1949.
178 13 /ɦˠwɛk̚/ vek̚/vekk vekk; vek- brush stroke; vinculum; to write (vekik) (j畫/画)
179 繪/ 12 /ɦuɑiH/ faj kép picture
180 14 /duo/ rajz drawing
181 3 /kuŋ/ kun(g) work (n); artificial
182 11 /kˠauH/ gav tan doctrine, teaching
183 12 /d͡ziᴇŋ/ dzsén(g) ések/ésk- clear (adj; of weather, water, etc cf. Sami čœsˈka-, Komi ćoćke̮m. RWH "tiszta" (a loan from Slavic) is also known and used
184 9 /sɨ/ sze gond care, concern, worry
185 6 /kʰɑuX/ kav vizsga examination, test
186 8 /ʈiᴇ/ ti tud to know
187 3 /d͡zʌi/ dzöj ért to understand
188 11 /lɨX/ re ok reason (n); cause (n)
189 14 /suɑnX/ szún szám number
190 7 /t͡sɑk̚/, /t͡sɑH/ cak̚/cakk, ca tesz to do, to make
191 4 /ŋʉɐn/ gvön alap base, foundation; basis
192 9 /ʑɨk̚/ zek̚/zekk e- to eat
193 6 /ȵɨuk̚/ nyuk̚/nyukk hús meat
194 10 /mˠaX/ ma horse
195 4 /ŋɨu/ gyu/gyú marha cattle, ox; beef
196 11 /ŋɨʌ/ gyü/gyű hal fish
197 11 /teuX/ tiv madár bird
198 6 /ɦɨoH/ hö'/hő toll feather; pen
199 14 /mˠiæŋ/ mén(g) sír to cry
200 麥/ 7 /mˠɛk̚/ mek̚/mekk búza wheat
201 6 /meiX/ mej rizs; [gabona] rice; grain use of 米 in the "grain" sense deprecated since 1949, "gabona" since then written in squarescript as loan from Slavic
202 9 /ɖˠa/ da da tea RWH "tea" unknown, since the ancient Magyars already knew of tea from the Chinese
203 6 /ʃɨk̚/ sek̚/sekk szín colour
204 12 /ɦwɑŋ/ fan(g) sárga yellow
205 黑/ 11 /hək̚/ hok̚/hokk, fekk fekete; sötét black; dark
206 來/ 7 /lʌi/ löj jön to come
207 6 /ɦˠæŋ/ hen(g) sor row, line
208 歸/ 10 /kʉi/ küj ferjel to return, to come back to loan from FP *perɜ-, cf. Khanty pĕrəj-, Mansi pēryəlāl
209 7 /buoH/ gyalog on foot, walking (adv); pawn (chess)
210 7 /t͡səuH/ cu'/cú fut to run
211 4 /t͡ɕɨX/ tye vég; meg- end, finish (n); meg- use as the perfective prefix "meg-" deprecated since 1949, but still encountered
212 9 /kuɑt̚/ fat̚/fatt él to live
213 8 /temH/ tim bolt shop, store
214 12 /mˠɛX/ vej vesz to take; to buy
215 賣/ 7 /mˠɛH/ mej ad to give
216 7 ? kej gőz steam
217 3 /kɨuŋ/ tyün(g) íj; ív bow (1. for shooting arrows; 2. for playing a violin); arc, arch, curve
218 6 /ɦuʌi/ hüj forog; -szor to spin, to rotate; -times
219 會/ 6 /ɦuɑiH/ kvaj hájal to meet From PFU *kajɜ-, cf. Fin kajoa, Mansi χōj-, Khanty χaj-; RWH "találkozik" unknown
220 7 /denH/ den ural- to dominate; to govern
221 11 /t͡suoX/ fon to weave
222 11 /ʑiuᴇn/ zén hajó ship, boat
223 6 /ȵɨŋ/ nyen(g) burgonya potato
224 4 /menX/ men rejt to hide, to hide away, to conceal (vt)
225 8 /mˠiæŋ/ men(g) derű bright weather, clear sky;
serenity, gaiety, jocularity
226 7 /d͡ʑiaX/ gya gya society RWH "társaság" and "társadalom" are unknown
227 4 /t͡sʰeiH/, /t͡sʰet̚/ szí, szit̚/szitt vág to cut
228 13 /den/ den vill-{ám;any} lightning; electricity
229 每/ 6 /muʌiH/ maj mind all
230 6 /ɦʌp̚/ höp̚/höpp ill{ik} to suit, to fit (vi);
to be proper (of manners) (vi)
231 13 /tɑŋ/ tan(g), tag által (postp) by, by means of nowadays very rarely used as the postposition, mostly in compounds
232 臺/ 5 /dʌi/ daj daj tower RWH "torony" exists written in squarescript, more usually used alone; 台 mostly used in compounds
233 樂/ 13 /ŋˠʌk̚/ gok̚/gokk zene music
234 4 /kuŋ/ kun(g) horka 1. duke (ma) 2. kun(g)- (as prefix) public-
235 4 /jiɪnH/ jín húz to pull
236 6 /kʰuɑ/ fa szint level, grade; floor
237 14 /kɑ/ ka ének song
238 2 /tɑu/ kés knife
239 12 /pʰʉɐn/ fön ismét again
240 5 /jɨoŋH/ jony, jon(g) haszon use (n), advantage, benefit; profit, gain
241 7 /ɦɑ/ ha mi what