Chlouvānem/Exterior and interior verbs: Difference between revisions

A conceptually similar, but morphologically different, is how the verb ''roṣlake'' <small>(class 9: ''roṣlē – reiṣlek – arāṣla'')</small> may translate two English verbs, "to lose" and "to miss", where the former is considered non-volitional and therefore marked as interior, with the English direct object corresponding to a genitive case, and the latter is volitional (as there is an effort anyway) and therefore exterior, with the English direct object corresponding to an accusative case. The English passive forms (translated just as topics plus active sentences in the examples below) of both are translated by the patient-trigger exterior voice; however, the "miss"-passives have the agent in ergative case, while the "lose"-passives have an instrumental agent. Compare the translation into Italian, where no distinction is made and the following forms are all translated with a single verb (perdere).