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Ash: Difference between revisions
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m (→Reflexivity) |
(→Syntax) |
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=ao go | |phrase=ao go bahba e<u>hh</u>ee | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ɣʊ ˈβɑħ. | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿je̞çˈçi̯eː] | ||
|gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog PROX-<u>TR</u>-see.IND | |gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog PROX-<u>TR</u>-see.IND | ||
|translation=Ao is looking at the dog | |translation=Ao is looking at the dog | ||
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=ao go | |phrase=ao go bahba e<u>ss</u>ee | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ɣʊ ˈβɑħ. | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿jɪɕˈɕi̯eː] | ||
|gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog PROX-<u>INV</u>-see.IND | |gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog PROX-<u>INV</u>-see.IND | ||
|translation=Ao is being watched by the dog | |translation=Ao is being watched by the dog | ||
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{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=ao go | |phrase=ao go bahba od<u>sãmm</u>oyya | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ɣʊ ˈβɑħ. | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿wo̞ʔˈt̠͡s̠ɑ̃mˌmʊj.jɐ] | ||
|gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog DIST-TR-<u>water</u>-consume.CAUS.IND | |gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog DIST-TR-<u>water</u>-consume.CAUS.IND | ||
|translation=Ao was giving the dog water to drink | |translation=Ao was giving the dog water to drink | ||
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{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=ao go | |phrase=ao go bahba meh<u>da</u> odsãmmoyya | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ɣʊ ˈβɑħ. | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ˈme̞ħ.t̠ɐ‿wo̞ʔˈt̠͡s̠ɑ̃mˌmʊj.jɐ] | ||
|gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog fire-<u>LOC</u> DIST-TR-water-consume.CAUS.IND | |gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog fire-<u>LOC</u> DIST-TR-water-consume.CAUS.IND | ||
|translation=Ao was giving the dog water to drink by the fire | |translation=Ao was giving the dog water to drink by the fire | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Animate | ! Animate | ||
| '' | | ''bahba go ahhoo''<br />"dogs eat it" | ||
| '' | | ''bahba go assoo''<br />"dogs are eaten" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Inanimate | ! Inanimate | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Animate | ! Animate | ||
| ''ao go <u> | | ''ao go <u>bahba</u> ohhee''<br />"Ao was looking at the dog" | ||
| ''<u> | | ''<u>bahba go</u> ao ossee''<br />"it was the dog Ao was looking at" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Inanimate | ! Inanimate | ||
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{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=[oo | |phrase=[oo oahdaga bahba go ossoena]<sub>1</sub> [ee oahdaga esseenas]<sub>2</sub> | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔo̞w‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ. | |IPA=[ˈʔo̞w‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐˌɣɐ ˈβɑħ.pɐ ɣo̞‿wʊs̠ˈs̠ʊːɪ̯.n̠ɐ‿ˈje̞w‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐˌɣɐ‿jɪɕˈɕi̯eː.n̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=[DIST shine.ACT.IND-DUR dog DIST-INV-consume.CAUS.TRANS.IND]<sub>1</sub> [PROX shine.ACT.IND-DUR PROX-INV-see.TRANS.IND-CONJ]<sub>2</sub> | |gloss=[DIST shine.ACT.IND-DUR dog DIST-INV-consume.CAUS.TRANS.IND]<sub>1</sub> [PROX shine.ACT.IND-DUR PROX-INV-see.TRANS.IND-CONJ]<sub>2</sub> | ||
|translation=[today I saw]<sub>2</sub> [the dog that (you) fed yesterday]<sub>1</sub> | |translation=[today I saw]<sub>2</sub> [the dog that (you) fed yesterday]<sub>1</sub> | ||
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{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=bahba go oada esseenas no? | ||
|IPA=[ˈbɑħ. | |IPA=[ˈbɑħ.pɐ ɣo̞‿ˈwɔ̯ɑː.ðɐ‿jɪɕˈɕi̯eː.n̠ɐz̠‿ᵈn̠ʊ] | ||
|gloss=dog TOP:ACT shine.STAT.IND PROX-INV-see.TRANS.IND-CONJ Q | |gloss=dog TOP:ACT shine.STAT.IND PROX-INV-see.TRANS.IND-CONJ Q | ||
|translation=have you seen the white dog? | |translation=have you seen the white dog? | ||
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====Evidentiality==== | ====Evidentiality==== | ||
Reduced forms of some verbs can function as evidential markers, such as '' | Reduced forms of some verbs can function as evidential markers, such as ''e'' for observation and ''ga'' for hearsay. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 616: | Line 616: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ebadsa''<br />"weaving" | | ''ebadsa''<br />"weaving" | ||
| ''ebadsa | | ''ebadsa e''<br />"(evidently) weaving" | ||
| '' | | ''ebadsa ga''<br />"(allegedly) weaving" | ||
|} | |} | ||