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→Converbs
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! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| ''-da'' | | ''-da'' | ||
| | | ''-s'' | ||
| ''sooda'' "where they live; by the house" | | ''sooda'' "where they live; by the house" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Durative | ! Durative | ||
| ''-wo'' | | ''-wo'' | ||
| | | ''-h'' | ||
| ''oadnawo'' "when it gets bright; in the morning" | | ''oadnawo'' "when it gets bright; in the morning" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Benefactive | ! Benefactive | ||
| ''-wa'' | | ''-wa'' | ||
| | | ''-o'' | ||
| ''eewa'' "in order to see" | | ''eewa'' "in order to see" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Semblative | ! Semblative | ||
| ''-ya'' | | ''-ya'' | ||
| | | ''-e'' | ||
| ''ʼayya'' "sea-like; blue; green" | | ''ʼayya'' "sea-like; blue; green" | ||
|} | |} | ||
The shorter forms | The shorter forms are the historically regular outcomes of these suffixes after unstressed vowels; the longer forms have since taken over productively in normal verbs by analogy with the instances where those were always regular, but the shorter forms remain productive in the reduced forms of locative verbs (e.g. ''ʼahba las'' "in Appa"), and are still found in some common fossilised words, such as ''eyyas'' "here" and ''eyyah'' "now". Certain proper nouns retain this form for possessive constructions (e.g. ''ʼahbas ammee'' "Appa('s) town square"). There are also instances of splits, such as the productive ''oadnada'' "where the sun rises" versus the fossilised ''oadnas'', referring specifically to the corresponding cardinal direction. | ||
===Deixis=== | ===Deixis=== | ||