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|imagesize= 250px | |imagesize= 250px | ||
|name= Maryan Coptic | |name= Maryan Coptic | ||
|nativename={{cop| | |nativename={{cop|ⲧⲉⲙⲩⲧⲣⲉⲙⲭⲏⲙⲉ}}<br />''temutremkʰēme'' | ||
|pronunciation={{IPA| | |pronunciation={{IPA|təˌmuːtɾəmˈkʰeːmə}} | ||
|creator=[[User:Castillerian|Castillerian]] | |creator=[[User:Castillerian|Castillerian]] | ||
|region=[[w:Egypt|Egypt]] | |region=[[w:Egypt|Egypt]] | ||
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|fam3=[[w:Demotic (Egyptian)|Demotic]] | |fam3=[[w:Demotic (Egyptian)|Demotic]] | ||
|fam4=[[w:Coptic language|Coptic]] | |fam4=[[w:Coptic language|Coptic]] | ||
|dia1= | |dia1=Central | ||
|dia2=Nahlic | |dia2=Nahlic | ||
|dia3=Cholevic | |dia3=Cholevic | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Maryan Coptic ({{cop| | Maryan Coptic ({{cop|ⲧⲉⲙⲩⲧⲣⲉⲙⲭⲏⲙⲉ}}, <small>tr.</small> ''temutremkʰēme''), often shortened to 'Maryan', is an [[w:Constructed_language#A_posteriori_language|a posteriori]] language created by conlanger [[User:Castillerian|Castillerian]]. The initial intent of this language was to envision a modern register of Classical [[w:Coptic language|Coptic]] while preserving its core grammar, vocabulary, and estimated phonology. | ||
The first drafts of what would become the Maryan Coptic language were created in March 2018, initially titled 'New Coptic' and 'Neo-Egyptian'.These early drafts detailed a modified Latin alphabet as the language's primary writing system, and its phonology more atone with the Greco-Bohairic pronunciation found in modern uses of Coptic. Discontent with the language's current state, the creator redrafted the language's entire phonology and grammar in May 2019, along with its entire lexicon. | The first drafts of what would become the Maryan Coptic language were created in March 2018, initially titled 'New Coptic' and 'Neo-Egyptian'.These early drafts detailed a modified Latin alphabet as the language's primary writing system, and its phonology more atone with the Greco-Bohairic pronunciation found in modern uses of Coptic. Discontent with the language's current state, the creator redrafted the language's entire phonology and grammar in May 2019, along with its entire lexicon. | ||
==Etymology== | |||
The native name of Maryan is {{cop|ⲧⲉⲙⲩⲧⲣⲉⲙⲭⲏⲙⲉ}} (''temutremkʰēme''), thus meaning "the speech of the Egyptian people". The native name for Egypt, {{cop|Ⲭⲏⲙⲉ}} (''Kʰēme''), stems from Egyptian ''[[wikt:kmt|kmt]]'' <small>ME.</small> {{IPA|/ˈkuːmaʔ/}} ("Egypt, the Nile valley"), which itself stems from ''[[wikt:km|km]]'' <small>ME.</small> {{IPA|/ˈkuːmaw/}} ("black"), in reference to the fertile soil around the Nile Delta. | |||
The -{{cop|ⲙⲩⲧ}}- (''-mut-'') in {{cop|ⲧⲉⲙⲩⲧⲣⲉⲙⲭⲏⲙⲉ}} (''temutremkʰēme'') stems from Egyptian ''[[wikt:mdw|mdw]]'' <small>ME.</small> {{IPA|/ˈmaːtʼaw/}} ("word, speech"). | |||
The morpheme -{{cop|ⲣⲉⲙ}}- (''-rem-'') is the construct state of {{cop|ⲣⲱⲙⲉ}} (''rōme'', "person, human"), which derives from Egyptian ''[[wikt:rmṯ|rmṯ]]'' <small>ME.</small> {{IPA|/ˈɾaːmaʔ/}} ("person, human"). In combination with {{cop|Ⲭⲏⲙⲉ}} (''Kʰēme''), it forms the term {{cop|ⲣⲉⲙⲭⲏⲙⲉ}} (''remkʰēme'', "Egyptian person"). | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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| alpha, {{cop|ⲁⲗⲫⲁ}} | | alpha, {{cop|ⲁⲗⲫⲁ}} | ||
| a | | a | ||
| {{IPA|[ä] | | {{IPA|[ä], [äʔ]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ⲃ ⲃ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ⲃ ⲃ</big>}} | ||
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| beta, {{cop|ⲃⲏⲧⲁ}} | | beta, {{cop|ⲃⲏⲧⲁ}} | ||
| b | | b | ||
| {{IPA|[β] | | {{IPA|[β], [ɸ]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ⲅ ⲅ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ⲅ ⲅ</big>}} | ||
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| ei, {{cop|ⲉⲓ}} | | ei, {{cop|ⲉⲓ}} | ||
| e | | e | ||
| {{IPA|[ɛ] | | {{IPA|[ɛ], [ɛʔ], [ə]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>ⲋ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>ⲋ</big>}} | ||
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| zeta, {{cop|ⲍⲏⲧⲁ}} | | zeta, {{cop|ⲍⲏⲧⲁ}} | ||
| z | | z | ||
| {{IPA|[ | | {{IPA|[s̠]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ⲏ ⲏ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ⲏ ⲏ</big>}} | ||
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| eta, {{cop|ⲏⲧⲁ}} | | eta, {{cop|ⲏⲧⲁ}} | ||
| ē | | ē | ||
| {{IPA|[eː] | | {{IPA|[eː], [e]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ⲑ ⲑ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ⲑ ⲑ</big>}} | ||
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| iota, {{cop|ⲓⲟⲧⲁ}} | | iota, {{cop|ⲓⲟⲧⲁ}} | ||
| i | | i | ||
| {{IPA|[iː] | | {{IPA|[iː], [i], [j]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ⲕ ⲕ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ⲕ ⲕ</big>}} | ||
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| ne, {{cop|ⲛⲉ}} | | ne, {{cop|ⲛⲉ}} | ||
| n | | n | ||
| {{IPA|[n] | | {{IPA|[n], [ŋ], [m]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ⲝ ⲝ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ⲝ ⲝ</big>}} | ||
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| ksi, {{cop|ⲝⲓ}} | | ksi, {{cop|ⲝⲓ}} | ||
| x | | x | ||
| {{IPA|[ | | {{IPA|[ks̠]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ⲟ ⲟ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ⲟ ⲟ</big>}} | ||
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| o, {{cop|ⲟ}} | | o, {{cop|ⲟ}} | ||
| o | | o | ||
| {{IPA|[ɔ] | | {{IPA|[ɔ], [ɔʔ]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ⲡ ⲡ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ⲡ ⲡ</big>}} | ||
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| ro, {{cop|ⲣⲱ}} | | ro, {{cop|ⲣⲱ}} | ||
| r | | r | ||
| {{IPA|[ɾ | | {{IPA|[ɾ]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ⲥ ⲥ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ⲥ ⲥ</big>}} | ||
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| sima, {{cop|ⲥⲓⲙⲁ}} | | sima, {{cop|ⲥⲓⲙⲁ}} | ||
| s | | s | ||
| {{IPA|[ | | {{IPA|[s̠]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ⲧ ⲧ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ⲧ ⲧ</big>}} | ||
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| u, {{cop|ⲩ}} | | u, {{cop|ⲩ}} | ||
| u | | u | ||
| {{IPA|[uː] | | {{IPA|[uː], [u]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ⲫ ⲫ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ⲫ ⲫ</big>}} | ||
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| psi, {{cop|ⲯⲓ}} | | psi, {{cop|ⲯⲓ}} | ||
| ps | | ps | ||
| {{IPA|[ | | {{IPA|[ps̠]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ⲱ ⲱ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ⲱ ⲱ</big>}} | ||
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| ou, {{cop|ⲱⲩ}} | | ou, {{cop|ⲱⲩ}} | ||
| ō | | ō | ||
| {{IPA|[oː] | | {{IPA|[oː], [o]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ϣ ϣ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ϣ ϣ</big>}} | ||
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| hore, {{cop|ϩⲱⲣⲉ}} | | hore, {{cop|ϩⲱⲣⲉ}} | ||
| h | | h | ||
| {{IPA|[h] | | {{IPA|[h], [ç]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>Ϫ ϫ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>Ϫ ϫ</big>}} | ||
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| ti, {{cop|ϯ}} | | ti, {{cop|ϯ}} | ||
| ti | | ti | ||
| {{IPA|[ | | {{IPA|[tiːʔ], [tiː]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>ⳕ</big> | | {{cop|<big>ⳕ</big> | ||
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| hat, {{cop|ϩⲁⲧ}} | | hat, {{cop|ϩⲁⲧ}} | ||
| ' | | ' | ||
| {{IPA| | | {{IPA|[ʔ]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{cop|<big>ⳁ</big>}} | | {{cop|<big>ⳁ</big>}} | ||
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''Sou'' ({{cop|ⲋ}}) and ''sampi'' ({{cop|ⳁ}}) are used strictly for their numeric values and do not carry any phonemic values. | ''Sou'' ({{cop|ⲋ}}) and ''sampi'' ({{cop|ⳁ}}) are used strictly for their numeric values and do not carry any phonemic values. | ||
''Hat'' ({{cop|ⳕ}}) modifies and moves the stress of ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}). | |||
* {{cop|'''ⲁⲙⲣⲉⳕ'''}} (baker) - {{IPA|/amˈɾɛʔ/}} | * {{cop|'''ⲁⲙⲣⲉⳕ'''}} (baker) - {{IPA|/amˈɾɛʔ/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲙⲉⳕⲣⲉ'''}} (noon) - {{IPA|/ | * {{cop|'''ⲙⲉⳕⲣⲉ'''}} (noon) - {{IPA|/ˈmɛʔɾə/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ϧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲃ'''}} (kill [construct]) - {{IPA|/ˌxətəβ/}} | * {{cop|'''ϧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲃ'''}} (kill [construct]) - {{IPA|/ˌxətəβ/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲥⲁⲓⲉⳕ'''}} (beautiful) - {{IPA|/saˈjɛʔ/}} | * {{cop|'''ⲥⲁⲓⲉⳕ'''}} (beautiful) - {{IPA|/saˈjɛʔ/}} | ||
==== | ====Latin script==== | ||
Ever since its initial drafts, Maryan and its creator had struggled to find a suitable Latin script. Its native Coptic script is not compatible with many modern devices, and an alternative "Unicode-friendly" script would serve as a convenient means of mass communication in the language over the internet. | |||
The first drafts of the language utilized a crude Latin script, full of letters and diacritics most fonts did not support. Although it could be portrayed as compact and functional, the script failed to meet the creator's more aesthetic expectations by favoring functionality over compatibility. Ultimately, a more compatible Coptic script would start to see usage by May of the same year. In July, two months later, the Latin script went defunct, and all remaining texts written in the script were purged. | |||
In October 2018, a second attempt at a Latin script would surface in the form of the "Chat" script, a writing system similar in use to the [[w:Arabic_chat_alphabet|Arabic chat alphabet]]. Although the script lasted almost 2 years, it never served as an official writing system and saw very limited public use. The Chat script went defunct by late March 2020. | |||
In April 2020, a third attempt at a Latin script would surface, seeing more positive results as development continued, and the script was finalized by November of the same year. Most current Maryan texts/translations use this new Latin script, informally titled "Latin v2". Although most documentation on the language's grammar is written in the Coptic script, the current Maryan Coptic-English dictionary is written entirely in the Latin script to ease potential Western-oriented students into the language. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:7px" | ||
|+Latin | |+Official Latin orthography | ||
! Letter | ! style="font-weight:normal" | Letter || A || B || C || D || E || Ê || F || G || H || I || J || K || L || M || N || O || Ô || P || R || S || T || U || W || X || Y || Z | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="font-weight:normal" | Name | ||
| a || bê || cê || del || e || ê || ef || gê || ha || i || jot || ka || el || em || en || o || ô || pi || er || es || tê || u || wau || xai || ypsi || zêt | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="font-weight:normal" | Phoneme(s) | ||
| {{IPA|/a/}} || {{IPA|/β/}} || {{IPA|/tʃ/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, {{IPA|/ə/}} || {{IPA|/eː/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/iː/}} || {{IPA|/j/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/l/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} || {{IPA|/n/}} || {{IPA|/ɔ/}} || {{IPA|/oː/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/ɾ/}}, {{IPA|/r/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/uː/}} || {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/x/}} || {{IPA|/i/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:7px" | |||
|+Digraphs + other letters | |||
! style="font-weight:normal" | Letter || CH || È || É || Í || KH || PH || SH || TH | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="font-weight:normal" | Name | ||
| chê || e etti || e main || i main || kha || phi || shai || thê | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="font-weight:normal" | Phoneme(s) | ||
| | | {{IPA|/tʃʰ/}} || {{IPA|/jə/}} || {{IPA|/ˈɛ/}} || {{IPA|/ˈiː/}} || {{IPA|/kʰ/}} || {{IPA|/pʰ/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || {{IPA|/tʰ/}} | ||
| | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:7px" | |||
|+Diphthongs | |||
! style="font-weight:normal" | Letter || AI || AU || EI || EU || ÊI || ÊU || IU || OI || OU || ÔI || ÔU || UI | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="font-weight:normal" | Phoneme(s) | |||
| {{IPA|/aɪ/}} || {{IPA|/aʊ/}} || {{IPA|/ɛɪ/}}, {{IPA|/əɪ/}} || {{IPA|/ɛʊ/}} || {{IPA|/eːɪ/}} || {{IPA|/eːw/}} || {{IPA|/iːw/}} || {{IPA|/ɔɪ/}} || {{IPA|/ɔw/}} || {{IPA|/oːɪ/}} || {{IPA|/oːw/}} || {{IPA|/uːɪ/}} | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Fricative | ! colspan="2" | Fricative | ||
| β || f || | | β || f || s̠ || ʃ || || || x || h | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Affricate | ! rowspan="2" | Affricate | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Close | ! Close | ||
| | | i<ref>Loanwords only</ref> iː || || || u<ref>Loanwords only</ref> uː | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Close-mid | ! Close-mid | ||
| | | e<ref>Loanwords only</ref> eː || || || o<ref>Loanwords only</ref> oː | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid | ! Mid | ||
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|+ Diphthongs | |+ Diphthongs | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
| | | [äi̯] || [äu̯] || [ɛi̯]<ref>Loanwords only</ref> || [ɛu̯] || [eːi̯] || [eːu̯] || [əi̯] || [əu̯]<ref>Construct verbs only</ref> || [iːu̯] || [ɔi̯] || [ɔu̯] || [oːi̯] || [oːu̯] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Coptic script | ! Coptic script | ||
| {{cop|ⲁⲓ}} || {{cop|ⲁⲩ}} || {{cop|ⲉⲓ}} || {{cop|ⲉⲩ}} || {{cop|ⲏⲓ}} || {{cop|ⲏⲩ}} || {{cop|ⲉⲓ}}, {{cop|ⲓ}} || {{cop|ⲓⲩ}} || {{cop|ⲟⲓ}} || {{cop|ⲟⲩ}} || {{cop|ⲱⲓ}} || {{cop|ⲱⲩ}} | | {{cop|ⲁⲓ}} || {{cop|ⲁⲩ}} || {{cop|ⲉⲓ}} || {{cop|ⲉⲩ}} || {{cop|ⲏⲓ}} || {{cop|ⲏⲩ}} || {{cop|ⲉⲓ}}, {{cop|ⲓ}} || {{cop|ⲉⲩ}} || {{cop|ⲓⲩ}} || {{cop|ⲟⲓ}} || {{cop|ⲟⲩ}} || {{cop|ⲱⲓ}} || {{cop|ⲱⲩ}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
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Maryan uses a [[w:Stress_(linguistics)#Lexical_stress|lexical stress]] system. The primary stress is always found either on the [[w:Penult|penult]] or the [[w:Ultima_(linguistics)|ultima]], depending on the vowels present, and the secondary stress is always found at least two syllables before the primary stress, usually in conjugated verbs and compound nouns. However, borrowed loanwords tend to break this pattern, as Maryan Coptic attempts to preserve the stress from the loanword's source language. Fortunately, inherited loanwords are constructed specifically to fit Maryan's native stress system, making their stress patterns more predictable than direct borrowings. | Maryan uses a [[w:Stress_(linguistics)#Lexical_stress|lexical stress]] system. The primary stress is always found either on the [[w:Penult|penult]] or the [[w:Ultima_(linguistics)|ultima]], depending on the vowels present, and the secondary stress is always found at least two syllables before the primary stress, usually in conjugated verbs and compound nouns. However, borrowed loanwords tend to break this pattern, as Maryan Coptic attempts to preserve the stress from the loanword's source language. Fortunately, inherited loanwords are constructed specifically to fit Maryan's native stress system, making their stress patterns more predictable than direct borrowings. | ||
Every vowel, aside from ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}), are | Every vowel, aside from ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}), are 'strong vowels' and can indicate the primary stress of a word. ''alpha'' ({{cop|ⲁ}}) and ''o'' ({{cop|ⲟ}}) are 'short strong' vowels, and ''eta'' ({{cop|ⲏ}}), ''iota'' ({{cop|ⲓ}}), ''u'' ({{cop|ⲩ}}), and ''ou'' ({{cop|ⲱ}}) are 'long strong' vowels. ''Ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}), and sometimes ''iota'' ({{cop|ⲓ}}), are 'weak vowels' and are primarily unstressed if a strong vowel is present. In verb forms, the verb root is always given the primary stress. | ||
* {{cop|'''Ⲭⲏⲙⲉ'''}} (Egypt): {{IPA|/ˈkʰeːmə/}} | * {{cop|'''Ⲭⲏⲙⲉ'''}} (Egypt): {{IPA|/ˈkʰeːmə/}} | ||
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* {{cop|'''Ⲉⲥⲛⲟϥⲣⲉ'''}} (Esnofre [female-given name]): {{IPA|/əsˈnɔfɾə/}} | * {{cop|'''Ⲉⲥⲛⲟϥⲣⲉ'''}} (Esnofre [female-given name]): {{IPA|/əsˈnɔfɾə/}} | ||
If multiple strong vowels are found in a word, usually from agglutination, | If multiple strong vowels are found in a word, usually from agglutination, the final strong vowel or root word gets the primary stress, and any remaining long vowels are shortened. The main exception is if the final vowel is a strong ''u'' ({{cop|ⲩ}}) and the penult vowel is either ''alpha'' ({{cop|ⲁ}}) or ''o'' ({{cop|ⲟ}}). Other exceptions may occur in more formal registers of speech, leaving long vowels in unstressed positions. | ||
* {{cop|'''ϯⲙⲁ'''}} (to allow): {{IPA|/ | * {{cop|'''ϯⲙⲁ'''}} (to allow): {{IPA|/tiːˈmaʔ/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲁⲙⲁⲓⲩ'''}} (seas): {{IPA|/ | * {{cop|'''ⲁⲙⲁⲓⲩ'''}} (seas): {{IPA|/aˈmajjuː/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ϫⲱⲣⲁⲥⲡⲉ'''}} (linguistics): | * {{cop|'''ϫⲱⲣⲁⲥⲡⲉ'''}} (linguistics): {{IPA|/t͡ʃoːɾˈaspə/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲧⲏϩⲓⲙⲉ'''}} (that woman): | * {{cop|'''ⲧⲏϩⲓⲙⲉ'''}} (that woman): {{IPA|/teːˈhiːmə/}} | ||
If a short strong vowel is found on the penult and the ultima contains one onset consonant, then | If a short strong vowel is found on the penult and the ultima contains one onset consonant, then a glottal stop acts as a coda for the stressed syllable. If the stressed syllable's coda is a ''iota'' ({{cop|ⲓ}}) or ''u'' ({{cop|ⲩ}}), then the consonant is geminated. | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲥⲁϫⲉ'''}} (to speak): {{IPA|/ | * {{cop|'''ⲥⲁϫⲉ'''}} (to speak): {{IPA|/ˈsaʔt͡ʃə/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲁⲧⲟⲩⲉ'''}} (morning): {{IPA|/aˈtɔwwə/}} | |||
* {{cop|'''ⳣⲟⲓⲉ'''}} (farmer): {{IPA|/ˈwɔjjə/}} | * {{cop|'''ⳣⲟⲓⲉ'''}} (farmer): {{IPA|/ˈwɔjjə/}} | ||
* {{cop|''' | * {{cop|'''ⲟⲛⲉⲛ'''}} (chin): {{IPA|/ˈɔʔnən/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ϣⲁⲣⲉ'''}} (to hit): {{IPA|/ | * {{cop|'''ϣⲁⲣⲉ'''}} (to hit): {{IPA|/ˈʃaʔɾə/}} | ||
====Intonation==== | ====Intonation==== | ||
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===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
All adjectives are placed after the noun they modify and agree to nouns in terms of gender (masculine/feminine). Most feminine forms of adjectives end in either ''ei'' (ⲉ) or a long vowel. | All adjectives are placed after the noun they modify and agree to nouns in terms of gender (masculine/feminine). Most feminine forms of adjectives end in either ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}) or a long vowel. | ||
Adjectives ending in a consonant decline to their feminine form by adding the feminine ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}) suffix. In adjectives descended from the qualitative case of class 5 verbs, ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}) and the final consonant undergo metathesis. | |||
* {{cop|'''ⳣⲏⲛ'''}} (''wēn'', open) > {{cop|'''ⳣⲏⲛⲉ'''}} (''wēne'') | |||
* {{cop|'''ϩⲟⲗϫ'''}} (''holc'', sweet) > {{cop|'''ϩⲟⲗϫⲉ'''}} (''holce'') | |||
* {{cop|'''ⲁⲩⲓⲛ'''}} (''auin'', yellow) > {{cop|'''ⲁⲩⲓⲛⲉ'''}} (''auine'') | |||
* {{cop|'''ⲗⲁϧⲉⲙ'''}} (''laḫem'') boiled) > {{cop|'''ⲗⲁϧⲙⲉ'''}} (''laḫme'') | |||
* {{cop|'''ϧⲟⲧⲉⲗ'''}} (''ḫotel'') various) > {{cop|'''ϧⲟⲑⲗⲉ'''}} (''ḫotʰle'') | |||
Adjectives ending in a consonant | Adjectives with a long vowel and ending in ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}) are prone to replacing their long vowel with a short equivalent and a consonant, usually ''ro'' ({{cop|ⲣ}}) and sometimes ''tau'' ({{cop|ⲧ}}). The exact consonant is largely unpredictable without historical context. | ||
* {{cop|''' | * {{cop|'''ⲙⲏⲧⲉ'''}} (''mēte'', central) > {{cop|'''ⲙⲁⲑⲣⲉ'''}} (''matʰre'') (from pseudo-Late Egyptian ''mtr.t'' *{{IPA|/ˈmøtɾə/}}) | ||
* {{cop|''' | * {{cop|'''ϩⲏⲕⲉ'''}} (''hēke'', hungry) > {{cop|'''ϩⲁⲭⲣⲉ'''}} (''hakʰre'', from pseudo-Late Egyptian ''ḥqr.t'' *{{IPA|/ˈħøqʼɾə/}}) | ||
* {{cop|''' | * {{cop|'''ⲣⲱⲙⲉ'''}} (''rōme'', human) > {{cop|'''ⲣⲟⲙⲧⲉ'''}} (''romte'', from pseudo-Late Egyptian ''rmṯ.t'' *{{IPA|/ˈɾamtə/}}) | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲧⲱϣⲉ'''}} (''tōše'', dark red) > {{cop|'''ⲧⲁϣⲣⲉ'''}} (''tašre'', from pseudo-Late Egyptian ''dšr.t'' *{{IPA|/ˈtʼaʃɾə/}}) | |||
All Greek-derived adjectives have a masculine declension of {{cop|-ⲟⲥ}} (''-os'') and a feminine declension of {{cop|-ⲏ}} (''-ē''). | |||
* {{cop|''' | * {{cop|'''ⲁⲝⲓⲟⲥ'''}} (''axios'', worthy) > {{cop|'''ⲁⲝⲓⲏ'''}} (''axiē'') | ||
* {{cop|''' | * {{cop|'''ⲕⲟⲓⲛⲟⲥ'''}} (''koinos'', common) > {{cop|'''ⲕⲟⲓⲛⲏ'''}} (''koinē'') | ||
* {{cop|''' | * {{cop|'''ⲧⲟⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥ'''}} (''topikos'', local) > {{cop|'''ⲧⲟⲡⲓⲕⲏ'''}} (''topikē'') | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
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==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
* [[:Category:Maryan_Coptic|Contionary index]] | * [[:Category:Maryan_Coptic|Contionary index]] | ||
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/ | * [[:Swadesh_list_for_Maryan_Coptic|Swadesh list]] | ||
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1o9p3qSBvNCHvW3lJR0t_P1-EW44wymWA/view?usp=sharing Maryan Coptic – English Dictionary (Google Docs)] (''Updated 31 March 2021'') | |||
* [https://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=MXM ConWorkShop page (inactive)] | * [https://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=MXM ConWorkShop page (inactive)] | ||
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