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| |image = | | |image = |
| |imagesize = | | |imagesize = |
| |creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]] | | |creator = User:Praimhín |
| |name = {{PAGENAME}} | | |name = {{PAGENAME}} |
| |nativename = Wug Schlaub | | |nativename = Wug Schlaub |
| |pronunciation= /wṳ˧ ɬəʊ˥/ | | |pronunciation= |
| |setting = [[Verse:Schngellstein]] | | |setting = [[Verse:Tricin]] |
| |region = | | |region = |
| |familycolor=hmong-mien | | |familycolor=hmong-mien |
| |fam1=[[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum]] | | |fam1=[[Gloobic languages|Gloobic]] |
| |script=Hlou abugida | | |scripts=Schlaub abugida |
| |iso3= | | |iso3= |
| |notice=IPA | | |notice=IPA |
| }} | | }} |
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| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: /(h)loʊ/ ''loh'' or homophonous with "hello"; natively: ''Wug Schlaub'' /wṳ˧ ɬəu˥/ 'Hlou speech' or 'Hlou thing'; Palkhan: Haḷō; Eevo: "a łynø´ñ Tycríar") is a tonal language inspired by Hmong and German. It is the largest of the Hlou-Shum languages and the main language of the people of Mpfa Schlaub. | | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wug Schlaub'' 'Schlaub speech' or 'Schlaub thing') is a language inspired by Hmong RPA and German. It is the main language of the people of Mpfa Schlaub. |
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| Hlou liberally uses Easter eggs.
| | Schlaub liberally uses Easter eggs. |
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| ==Background== | | ==Background== |
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| Fill Mpfa Schlaub with Jabberwocky/Alice in Wonderland refs: Schleid Zeib, Wäb | | Fill Mpfa Schlaub with Jabberwocky/Alice in Wonderland refs: Schleid Zeib, Wäb |
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| ==Diachronics==
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| Hlou merged Proto-Hlou-Shum ''ai au'' with ''ei ou'' into ''ei au'' /əɨ əʊ/. Even ''i u'' in some open syllables turned into ''ei au''.
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| Glottal stop finals (''-h'' in Schngellstein's spelling) come from Proto-Hlou-Shum final stops.
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| ''*ã'' > ''äu''; ''*ãʔ'' > ''oh''
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| ''*ẽ'' > ''ä''; ''*ẽj'' > ''ei''; ''*ẽʔ'' > ''äh''
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| ==Phonology== | | ==Phonology== |
| ===Standard (''Schlaub Bahn'')=== | | ===Standard (''Schlaub Bahn'')=== |
| ====Vowels==== | | ====Vowels==== |
| Hlou has 6 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels.
| | Similar to German |
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| a e i ie o u ä ö = /a e i ɨ o u ã~ɛ̃ õ/
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| ah eh ih ieh oh uh äh öh eih = /aʔ eʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n tones]
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| ei au äu = /əi əu əũ/
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| Some vowels' realizations should depend on tone
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| ====Consonants==== | | ====Consonants==== |
| Standard Hlou has about 65 initials. | | Standard Schlaub has about 65 initials. |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |
| |+ '''Hlou initials''' | | |+ '''Schlaub initials''' |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | | ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |
| ! colspan="2" | Labial | | ! colspan="2" | Labial |
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| ! <small>voiceless</small> | | ! <small>voiceless</small> |
| | '''schm''' m̥ | | | '''schm''' m̥ |
| | | | | '''schml''' m̥ˡ |
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| | '''schn''' n̥ | | | '''schn''' n̥ |
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| | | | | '''schnr''' ɳ{{v-}} |
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| |} | | |} |
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| ====Tone====
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| {{PAGENAME}} has 7 tones, indicated by final letters in Schngellstein's orthography.
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| {|class="wikitable"
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| ! Orthography
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| ! Tone
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| ! Example
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| |-
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| | ∅
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| | mid level / high checked (33~32)
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| | ''lau'' /ləu˧/ 'to plant'
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| |-
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| | '''-n'''
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| | low level / low checked (21~11)
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| | ''laun'' /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile'
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| |-
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| | '''-b'''
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| | high level / high falling (55~53)
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| | ''Laub'' /ləu˥˧/ 'leaf'
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| |-
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| | '''-d'''
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| | dipping / low falling (313~31)
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| | ''Laud'' /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe'
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| |-
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| | '''-g'''
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| | breathy mid level (33 + breathy)
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| | ''laug'' /lə̤u˧/ 'to knit'
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| |-
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| | '''-s'''
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| | rising (24)
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| | ''laus'' /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive'
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| |-
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| | '''-ß'''
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| | broken rising (3ˀ5)
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| | ''Lauß'' /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle'
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| |}
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| Approximate tone frequencies (among non-entering tone syllables): b > s ~ 0 > n > ß ~ g > d
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| Tone split from breathy voice < voiced stops
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| ===''Schlaub Glaß''===
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| The Schlaub Glaß dialect is a non-standard dialect of Hlou.
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| ====Vowels====
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| a e i o u ä ë ö = /a ɛ i ɔ u ã ɛ̃ ɔ̃/
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| ah eh ih oh uh äh ëh öh = /aʔ eʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n tones]
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| ei ëi au äu = /əi ə̃i əu əũ/
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| ====Consonants====
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
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| |+ '''Schlaub Glaß initials'''
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| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
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| ! colspan="2" | Labial
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| ! rowspan="2" | Lamino-<br/>dental
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| ! colspan="2" | Apico-<br/>alveolar
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| ! rowspan="2" | Post-<br/>alveolar
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| ! rowspan="2" | Palatal
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| ! rowspan="2" | Retroflex
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| ! colspan="2" | Velar
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| ! rowspan="2" | Labio-<br/>velar
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| ! rowspan="2" | Glottal
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| |-
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| ! <small>plain</small>
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| ! <small>lateral</small>
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| ! <small>plain</small>
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| ! <small>lateral</small>
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| ! <small>plain</small>
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| ! <small>lateral</small>
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Nasal
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| ! <small>voiceless</small>
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| | '''schm''' m̥
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| | '''schml''' m̥ˡ
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| | '''schn''' n̥
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| | '''schnr''' ɳ̊
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| |-
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| ! <small>voiced</small>
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| | '''m''' m
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| | '''ml''' mˡ
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| | '''n''' n
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| | '''nr''' ɳ
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="4" |Plosive
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| ! <small>tenuis</small>
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| | '''b''' p
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| | '''bl''' pˡ
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| | '''d''' t
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| | '''dl''' cˡ
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| | '''dr''' ʈ
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| | '''g''' k
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| | '''gl''' kˡ
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| |ʔ
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| |-
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| ! <small>aspirated</small>
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| | '''p''' pʰ
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| | '''pl''' pˡʰ
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| | '''t''' tʰ
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| | '''tl''' cˡʰ
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| | '''tr''' ʈʰ
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| | '''k''' kʰ
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| | '''kl''' kˡʰ
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small>
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| | '''mb''' ᵐb
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| | '''mbl''' ᵐbˡ
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| | '''nd''' ⁿd
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| | '''ndl''' ᶮɟˡ
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| | '''ndr''' ᶯɖ
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| | '''ng''' ᵑɡ
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| | '''ngl''' ᵑɡˡ
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| |-
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| | '''mp''' ᵐpʰ
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| | '''mpl''' ᵐpˡʰ
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| | '''nt''' ⁿtʰ
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| | '''ntl''' ᶮcˡʰ
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| | '''ntr''' ᶯʈʰ
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| | '''nk''' ᵑkʰ
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| | '''nkl''' ᵑkˡʰ
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="4"|Affricate
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| ! <small>tenuis</small>
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| | '''bv''' pv
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| | '''dz''' ts̪
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| | '''ds''' ts̺
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| | '''dx''' tʃ
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| |-
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| ! <small>aspirated</small>
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| | '''pf''' pf
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| | '''tz''' ts̪ʰ
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| | '''ts''' ts̺ʰ
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| | '''tx''' tʃʰ
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2"|<small>prenasalized</small>
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| | '''mbv''' ᵐbv
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| | '''ndz''' ⁿdz̪
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| | '''nds''' ⁿdz̺
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| | '''ndx''' ⁿdʒ
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| |-
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| | '''mpf''' ᵐpf
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| | '''ntz''' ⁿts̪ʰ
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| | '''nts''' ⁿts̺ʰ
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| | '''ntx''' ⁿtʃʰ
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Continuant
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| ! <small>voiceless</small>
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| | '''f''' f
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| | '''z''' s̪
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| | '''s''' s̺
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| | '''schl''' ɬ
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| | '''x''' ʃ
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| | '''schj''' ç
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| | '''schr''' ʂ
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| | '''sch''' ɧ<br/>'''ch''' x
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| | '''schw''' ʍ
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| | '''h''' h
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| |-
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| ! <small>voiced</small>
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| | '''v''' v
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| | '''l''' l, '''ł''' ɫ
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| | '''j''' j
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| | '''r''' ʐ~ɻ
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| | '''w''' w
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| |}
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| ====Tone====
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| Tones are the same as in Schlaub Bahn, except that the ''d'' and ''g'' tones are merged into ''g''.
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| ===Schlaub Lag===
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| Another dialect of Hlou
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| *should have ng, schng initials
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| * it has an -l tone in addition to the 7 tones of Standard Hlou
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| ==Orthography== | | ==Orthography== |
| ===Traditional logography=== | | ===Traditional logography=== |
| ===Abugida=== | | ===Abugida=== |
| ===Aoife's orthography===
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| The key feature of Aoife's Roman orthography (used in this article) is using final consonant letters for tones, making words easier to learn by using photographic memory.
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| ===Schngellstein's orthography===
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| should use the Eevo script
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| ==Grammar== | | ==Grammar== |
| Hlou is analytic and SVO, and is head-initial:
| | Schlaub is analytic and SVO, and is head-initial: |
| :'''''Die Wug mpes Nän sein.''''' | | :'''''Die Wug mpes Nän sein.''''' |
| :/tɨ˧ wṳ˧ ᵐpʰe˨˦ nɛ̃˨˩ s̺əi˨˩/
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| :INDEF bird_species drink water PROG | | :INDEF bird_species drink water PROG |
| :''A wug is drinking water.'' | | :''A wug is drinking water.'' |
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| :'''''Xan flog Dsied bis Tu Mäb.''''' | | :'''''Xan flog Dsied bis Tu Mäb.''''' |
| :/ʃa˨˩ flo̤˧ ts̺ɨ˧˩ pi˨˦ tʰu˧mɛ̃˥˩/
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| :1SG have home in Tumhan | | :1SG have home in Tumhan |
| :''I live in Tumhan.'' | | :''I live in Tumhan.'' |
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| :'''''Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schnos.''''' | | :'''''Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schnos.''''' |
| :/taʔ˩ ts̺əu˦˥ we̤˧ s̪u˧ ᵐpɸəi˨˩ a˩ s̪u˧ n̥o˨˥/
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| :1PL speak about VN love and VN hate | | :1PL speak about VN love and VN hate |
| :''We speak about love and hate.'' | | :''We speak about love and hate.'' |
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| |} | | |} |
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| Hlou has no passive voice; the impersonal ''es'' is used instead. For example, ''Es nlaß Ngu hin.'' (IMPERS fire_ceramic brick PST) means 'A brick was baked.' or 'Bricks were baked.'
| | Schlaub has no passive voice; the impersonal ''es'' is used instead. For example, ''Es nlaß Ngu hin.'' (IMPERS fire_ceramic brick PST) means 'A brick was baked.' or 'Bricks were baked.' |
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| ====Demonstrative==== | | ====Demonstrative==== |
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| ! !! What !! This !! That !! Any | | ! !! What !! This !! That !! Any |
| |- | | |- |
| ! Pronominal | | ! Pronominal/Adnominal |
| || nab || naus || nein, nin || nan | | || nab || naus || nein, nin || nan |
| |- | | |- |
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| Other correlatives are formed by using these words with nouns. | | Other correlatives are formed by using these words with nouns. |
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| Hlou is wh-in-situ:
| | Schlaub is wh-in-situ: |
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| *''Naus dzah nab?'' (this COP what) = What is this? | | *''Naus dzah nab?'' (this COP what) = What is this? |
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| *da = exclamatory | | *da = exclamatory |
| *eh = negative | | *eh = negative |
| *doh = prohibitive | | *je = prohibitive |
| *los = inchoative | | *los = inchoative |
| *man = emphatic | | *man = emphatic |
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| ==Vocabulary== | | ==Vocabulary== |
| Hlou vocabulary is mostly native. Many words can't be related to words in other Hlou-Shum languages, however.
| | Schlaub vocabulary is mostly native. Many words can't be related to words in other Gloobic languages, however. |
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| ===Four-character phrases=== | | ===Four-character phrases=== |
| Hlou, like Chinese, has "4-character phrases". They sometimes extend to 6-character phrases by using the Burns stanza.
| | Schlaub, like Chinese, has "4-character phrases". They sometimes extend to 6-character phrases by using the Burns stanza. |
| *''Ntzuh Vöhn Schrau Ndob (schnäub hös)'' 'the best laid schemes of mice and men (aft gang agley)' (lit. schemes of mouse and plans of man often fail) | | *''Ntzuh Vöhn Schrau Ndob (schnäub hös)'' 'the best laid schemes of mice and men (aft gang agley)' (lit. schemes of mouse and plans of man often fail) |
| *''Ndleiß Beig Gluhn Schnoh'' 'opulent luxury' (lit. pure gold, gem, carmine, spice) | | *''Ndleiß Beig Gluhn Schnoh'' 'opulent luxury' (lit. pure gold, gem, carmine, spice) |
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| ===Virelai=== | | ===Virelai=== |
| The virelai (Hlou: ???) is a traditional Hlou poetic form. | | The virelai (Schlaub: ???) is a traditional Schlaub poetic form. |
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| Example [the poem is gibberish]: | | Example [the poem is gibberish]: |
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| ===Burns stanza=== | | ===Burns stanza=== |
| A variant of the Burns stanza is another traditional Hlou meter. | | A variant of the Burns stanza is another traditional Schlaub meter. |
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| <poem> | | <poem> |
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| :from there DEF god cause scatter 3PL all_over LOC whole DEF world PST | | :from there DEF god cause scatter 3PL all_over LOC whole DEF world PST |
| :From there the {{sc|Lord}} scattered them over the face of the whole earth. | | :From there the {{sc|Lord}} scattered them over the face of the whole earth. |
| [[Category:Hlou-Shum languages]] | | [[Category:Gloobic languages]] |
| [[Category:Languages]] | | [[Category:Languages]] |