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==History== | ==History== | ||
There are two main theories on how Columbé developed as a dialect of Bemé so far from the centre of development of Bemé in Cassim Po; the '''migration and divergence theory'''('''MDT''') and the '''independent development and convergence theory'''('''IDC'''). The IDC theory states that Columbé originally developed as a separate creole language, then over time converged through contact with Bemé into a dialect of Bemé. This theory is generally disregarded as unlikely in the general consensus, with the MDT theory considered more likely and also supported by archaeological evidence. | There are two main theories on how Columbé developed as a dialect of Bemé so far from the centre of development of Bemé in Cassim Po; the '''migration and divergence theory'''('''MDT''') and the '''independent development and convergence theory'''('''IDC'''). The IDC theory states that Columbé originally developed as a separate creole language, then over time converged through contact with Bemé into a dialect of Bemé. This theory is generally disregarded as unlikely in the general consensus, with the MDT theory considered more likely and also supported by archaeological evidence. | ||
===Pink Map War=== | |||
[[Bemé]] developed into an English creole language in Cassim Po around the 1850s, and has remarkably stayed relatively stable since; in the mean time, Bemé spread in use away from its home city due to the British centralisation of power in the archipelago in Cassim Po, which is how Bemé spread in use as a lingua franca throughout most of the archipelago. However, the island of St Columban, previously settled by [[Ketaserang|Seru]] and Bemang peoples, remained outside this influence due to its administration under the Portuguese colonial empire as '''São Jorge e Paulo'''(lit. "Saint George and Paul") since 1775. | |||
[[File:Mapa Cor-de-Rosa.jpg|thumb|The [[w:Pink Map|Pink Map]], or ''Mapa cor-de-rosa'' in Portuguese]] | |||
However, in 1890, the British government [[w:1890 British Ultimatum|sent an ultimatum]] to the Portuguese to withdraw from the areas between [[w:Angola|Angola]] and [[w:Mozambique|Mozambique]], which Portugal had claimed in hopes of completing the [[w:Pink Map|Pink Map]] project, as Britain wanted to control the area in hopes of completing their own [[w:Cape to Cairo Railway|Cape to Cairo Railway]]. The Portuguese refused the ultimatum,{{efn|Note: in real life the Portuguese accepted the ultimatum, withdrew from the areas, and the situation ended at that, despite a widespread backlash among the Portuguese public.}} and so began the '''Pink Map War''', which saw Portugal militarily humiliated by the British and more importantly, had São Jorge e Paulo occupied by the British. With the 1891 Treaty of London, Portugal was forced to pay a hefty sum of money, and cede the Pink Map areas and São Jorge e Paulo to the British. | |||
Thus, São Jorge e Paulo fell under British control, and a swift process of "DePortugalisation" was implemented; signs in Portuguese were replaced by signs in English, all former Portuguese colonial administrators were imprisoned or deported to Portugal or [[w:Goa|Goa]], and the island itself was renamed to its English name ''Saint George, Saint Paul, Saint Francis of Assisi and Saint Columban of Luxeuil'', or '''Saint Columban''' for short. | |||
===Bemé migration=== | ===Bemé migration=== | ||
Around 1895, the British administrator of Saint Columban began to also incentivise migration from Cassim Po and elsewhere in the Poccasins to further diminish what was left of Portuguese influence on the island. Thus, many Bemé speakers, both native from Cassim Po and non-native from elsewhere in the Poccasins, arrived in droves on Saint Columban. Despite many not speaking Bemé as native speakers, the use of Bemé was encouraged out of necessity due to the diversity of languages spoken by the Saint Columban migrants; eventually Columbé surpassed this problem by becoming the first language of almost all inhabitants of the island. | |||
==Phonology== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<references group="lower-alpha"/> | <references group="lower-alpha"/> | ||
[[Category:Bemé]] [[Category:Dialects]] | [[Category:Bemé]] [[Category:Dialects]] | ||