4,293
edits
Columbé: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
Around 1895, the British administrator of Saint Columban began to also incentivise migration from Cassim Po and elsewhere in the Poccasins to further diminish what was left of Portuguese influence on the island. Thus, many Bemé speakers, both native from Cassim Po and non-native from elsewhere in the Poccasins, arrived in droves on Saint Columban. Despite many not speaking Bemé as native speakers, the use of Bemé was encouraged out of necessity due to the diversity of languages spoken by the Saint Columban migrants; eventually Columbé developed as a distinct dialect and became the first language of almost all inhabitants of the island. | Around 1895, the British administrator of Saint Columban began to also incentivise migration from Cassim Po and elsewhere in the Poccasins to further diminish what was left of Portuguese influence on the island. Thus, many Bemé speakers, both native from Cassim Po and non-native from elsewhere in the Poccasins, arrived in droves on Saint Columban. Despite many not speaking Bemé as native speakers, the use of Bemé was encouraged out of necessity due to the diversity of languages spoken by the Saint Columban migrants; eventually Columbé developed as a distinct dialect and became the first language of almost all inhabitants of the island. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
<small>''See also: [[Bemé]] § [[Bemé#Phonology|Phonology]].''</small><br> | |||
Columbé has several distinct phonological features that distinguish it from standard [[Bemé#Phonology|Bemé]]. | |||
Among consonants, [[w:Syllabic consonant|syllabic]] /l̩/ is usually palatalised to /ʎ̩/, so ''Beyb'''l''''' [[IPA for Bemé|[bei̯bl̩]]] becomes [[IPA for Bemé|[beːbʎ̩]]]. The distinction between /m n/ is neutralised in word-final syllable coda positions, so words like ''{{bm|grin}}'' may be heard as ''grim''. /ɲ/ may also be realised as /j̃/ in word-medial positions, so ''{{bm|grinyeh}}'' would be pronounced [[IPA for Bemé|[gɾij̃ɛ]]]. Standard approximant /ɹ/ is pronounced as [[w:Voiced alveolar tap or flap|tap]] /ɾ/, as is typical of most ''[[Bemé#Tak vs kriyal|kriyal]]'' varieties in the south of the Poccasins, where Columban is located. | |||
/u/ is also often pronounced /ʌ/ and /e ɛ/ are in free variation in all positions. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! Grapheme(s) | |||
| a || e || eh || i || o || u | |||
|- | |||
! Standard Bemé | |||
| /[[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]/ || /[[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]/ || /[[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]/ || /[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]/ || /[[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]/ || /[[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]/ | |||
|- | |||
! Columbé | |||
| /[[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]/ || colspan=2 | /[[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]~[[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]/ || /[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]/ || /[[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]/ || /[[w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ]]/ | |||
|} | |||
Among vowels, Columbé is unique in that it is the only variety of Bemé that incorporates phonemic [[w:Vowel length|long vowels]]; these correspond to the standard Bemé [[Bemé#Vowels|diphthongs]] /ei̯ oi̯ ou̯/, and are usually written the same. However, these long vowels tend to have quite a lot of variation; the most common are shown here. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! Grapheme | |||
| ey || oi || ow | |||
|- | |||
! Standard Bemé | |||
| /ei̯/ || /oi̯/ || /ou̯/ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Columbé | |||
| /eː/ || /oː/ || rowspan=2 | /uː/ | |||
|- | |||
| /iː/ || /ʌː/ | |||
|} | |||
/ou̯/ may also be realised as a short /u/ in closed syllables; this leads to the pronunciation of words such as ''{{bm|grown}}'' as [[IPA for Bemé|[gɾun]]]. This is the only position where /ʌ u/ appear in contrastive distribution; elsewhere, they are in free variation. | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<references group="lower-alpha"/> | <references group="lower-alpha"/> | ||
[[Category:Bemé]] [[Category:Dialects]] | [[Category:Bemé]] [[Category:Dialects]] | ||