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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
The Rttirri verb is richly polysynthetic, and contains the following slots for affixes. Slots marked with a '''†''' are required for all verbs. | The Rttirri verb is richly polysynthetic, and contains the following slots for affixes. Slots marked with a '''†''' are required for all verbs. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Causative Agent<br>Person/Number | ! Causative Agent<br>Person/Number | ||
| | | ''ne-'' (I)<br>''ke-'' (you)<br>''we-'' (he/she/it)<br>''me-'' (we)<br>''te-'' (you all)<br>''rte-'' (they) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ergative Agent<br>Person/Number | ! Ergative Agent<br>Person/Number | ||
| '' | | ''na-'' (I)<br>''ke-'' (you)<br>''wa-'' (he/she/it)<br>''ma-'' (we)<br>''ta-'' (you all)<br>''rta-'' (they) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Absolutive Agent<br>Person/Number † | ! Absolutive Agent<br>Person/Number (†) | ||
| '' | | ''ni-'' (me)<br>''ki-'' (you)<br>''∅-'' (him/her/it)<br>''mi-'' (us)<br>''ti-'' (you all)<br>''hhi-'' (them) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ... | ! ... | ||
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| ''-mi-'' | | ''-mi-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Mood | ||
| ''- | | ''-sya-'' (optative)<br>''-ppa-'' (adhortative)<br>''-mappa-'' (cohortative)<br>''-tya-'' (interrogative)<br>''-nai-'' (subjunctive)<br>''-kai-'' (conditional)<br>''-kka-'' (imperative)<br>''-sma-'' (generic) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Verb Root † | ! Verb Root (†)<br>+ Question Infix | ||
| (any verb) | | (any verb) | ||
|- | |||
! Auxiliary Verb | |||
| ''-kaki-'' (to be able to) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Past Tense | ! Past Tense | ||
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| (any noun root, without adjectives,<br>determiners, possessive affixes, etc.) | | (any noun root, without adjectives,<br>determiners, possessive affixes, etc.) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Evidentiality † | ! Evidentiality (†) | ||
| | | ''-nV'' (direct knowledge)<br>''-nyV'' (hearsay)<br>''-sV'' (inferential)<br>''-syV'' (assumptive)<br>(''V'' = the vowel of the preceding syllable) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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:I walked. | :I walked. | ||
:''Na-'''pu'''-kaki- | :''Na-'''pu'''-tasa-kaki-ni.'' | ||
:1SG.ABS-PST-can | :1SG.ABS-PST-walk-can-DRPAC | ||
:I was able to walk. | :I was able to walk. | ||
:''Na-kaki | :''Na-tasa-kaki-'''mi'''-ni.'' | ||
:1SG.ABS-can | :1SG.ABS-walk-can-FUT-DRPAC | ||
:I will be able to walk. | :I will be able to walk. | ||
The following irregular verbs exist: | The following irregular verbs exist: | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|} | |} | ||
<!--[[Category:Languages]]--> | ===''Wh-'' questions=== | ||
Non-binary questions (ones where the answer is not a simple "yes" or "no") are expressed in two different ways. | |||
For "who"/"whom" and "what" questions, an affix is substituted for one of the person/number affixes on the verb: | |||
*''fe-'' (causative) | |||
*''fa-'' (ergative) | |||
*''fi-'' (absolutive) | |||
:''Ke-'''fi'''-chi-pu-nu uhiki?'' | |||
:2SG.ERG-what.ABS-eat-PST-DRPAC today | |||
:What did you eat today? | |||
Other non-binary questions are expressed by infixing one of the following particles within the verb root, after the first syllable of the root. | |||
*''-hhifi-'' ("when?") | |||
*''-hhifai-'' ("where?") | |||
*''-hhifau-'' ("why?") | |||
*''-hhifui-'' ("how?") | |||
:''Ta-isi-ni mumu nu...'' | |||
:2PL.ABS-talk-DRPAC IMPF NEG | |||
You guys aren't talking... | |||
:''Ta-i'''hhifau'''si-ni mumu nu?'' | |||
:2PL.ABS-talk.why-DRPAC IMPF NEG | |||
Why aren't you guys talking? | |||
<!--[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Languages of Rttirria]]--> | |||