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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
====Noun classes==== | ====Noun classes==== | ||
Kola preserves most of the Proto-Bantu noun classes. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Noun classes | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Class !! rowspan="2" | Noun prefix !! colspan="3" | Concord prefixes<small><sup>1</sup></small> || rowspan="2" | Typical meaning(s) | |||
|- | |||
! Subject !! Object !! Adjective | |||
|- | |||
! 1 | |||
| m(ï/w)-; - || a(y)-<small><sup>2</sup></small> || m(ï/w)- || m(ï/w)- || Humans, animate | |||
|- | |||
! 2 | |||
| wä- || colspan="2" | wa || wä- || Plural of class 1 | |||
|- | |||
! 3 | |||
| m(ï/w)- || colspan="2" | ŋu- || m(ï/w)- || Inanimate | |||
|- | |||
! 4 | |||
| mï- || colspan="2" | ji- || mï- || Plural of class 3 | |||
|- | |||
! 5 | |||
| yï-; - || colspan="2" | li- || yï- || Augmentatives, various | |||
|- | |||
! 6 | |||
| mä- || colspan="2" | ŋa- || mä- || Plural of class 5, mass nouns | |||
|- | |||
! 7 | |||
| jï- || colspan="2" | ĵi- || jï- || Tools/artefacts, diminutives, languages, various | |||
|- | |||
! 8 | |||
| vï- || colspan="2" | vi- || vï- || Plural of class 7 | |||
|- | |||
! 9 | |||
| N-<small><sup>3</sup></small>; - || colspan="2" | yi- || N- || Animals, inanimate | |||
|- | |||
! 10 | |||
| N-<small><sup>3</sup></small>; - || colspan="2" | ĵï- || N- || Plural of classes 9 & 11 | |||
|- | |||
! 11 | |||
| lï- || colspan="2" | lu || lï- || Abstract, manner/way/culture | |||
|- | |||
! 12 | |||
| gä- || colspan="2" | ga- || gä- || Diminutives | |||
|- | |||
! 13 | |||
| d(ï/w)- || colspan="2" | du- || d(ï/w)- || Plural of class 12 | |||
|- | |||
! 14 | |||
| wï- || colspan="2" | wï- || wï- || Abstract, countries/lands | |||
|- | |||
! 15 | |||
| g(ï/w)- || colspan="2" | gu- || g(ï/w)- || Infinitives | |||
|- | |||
! 16 | |||
| bä- || colspan="2" | ba- || bä- || Location | |||
|- | |||
! 17 | |||
| g(ï/w)- || colspan="2" | gu- || g(ï/w)- || Approximate location | |||
|} | |||
'''Notes:''' | |||
<small><sup>1</sup></small> These concord prefixes are old-fashioned and tend to be replaced by animacy-based concords. Animate nouns use classes 1/2 (for singular and plural respectively), while inanimate nouns use classes 5/6 or 9/10. | |||
<small><sup>2</sup></small> -y- is added epenthetically before vowels. | |||
<small><sup>3</sup></small> N- = initial nasalization of stem | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== |
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