Talk:Tocharian D

External history

Tocharian D is made as a superstratum in Zhetysu region, and I tried to use it in making some Uralic languages in this area. So I constructed it in easy way――from Proto-Germanic by using sound-changes like those which changed Indo-European into Tocharian B.

Grand Master Plan

The sound-change traces those which changed Indo-European into Tocharian B, as below;

1. merger of voiced/voiceless consonants
   1. *p, *b > *p
   2. *k, *g > *k
   3. *t, *d > *t
      1. before the *t/*d marger, *t > *∅ in syllable onset before *r, *w, *y
   4. *s, *z > *s
2. vowel change
   1. *i, *e > *yə
   2. *u > *wə/#, K
   3. *u > *ə/^{#, K}
   4. *o > *e
   5. *a > *a
   6. *ī > *yi
   7. *ē > ye/^_#
   8. *ē > a/_#
   9. *ū > u
   10. *ō > u/w_, _w
   11. *ō > a/^{w_, _w}
   12. *ā > a
3. palatalization(*Cy > *C')
   1. *p～*py
   2. *f～*fy
   3. *t～*c
   4. *θ～*c
   5. *k～*š
   6. *h～*š
   7. *kw～*š
   8. *hw～*š
   9. *ts～*š
      1. *š(< *ky, *kwy, *tsy) will become ts in later change.
   10. *s～*ś
   11. *m～*my
   12. *n～*ñ
   13. *l～*ly
   14. *r～*ry
   15. *w～*wy
   16. (*y～*y)
4. Auslautgesetze; Only the vowels or the liquids *r, *l stand at the end of the word.
   1. *-s, *-n, *-p, *-t, *-k > *-Ø
   2. *-nt, *-ns, *-nts > *-Ø
5. Monophthongization across *w
   1. *ewә, *awә > *o
6. *wy/*y marger to y
7. depalatalization of labial conbsonants
   1. *py > pi
   2. *fy > fi
   3. *my > mi
8. *š > ts
9. elision of unstressed ə in open syllables