Verse:Mwail/Quququqquq

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Verse:

Mwail/Quququqquq

• Mwail/Quququqquq/Lexicon
• Mwail/Quququqquq/Quququqquq
• Mwail/Quququqquq/Swadesh list
• Mwail/Quququqquq/Uwulang giblang

Verse talk:

Quququqquq
quququqquq qaqqaäa
Pronunciation	[kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ]
Setting	Verse:Mwail
Native speakers	1.5 billion (2025)
Language family	Irenesian Erno-Kawenic Kawenic Quququqquqqic Old Quququqquq Quququqquq

Quququqquq (/ku:ku:'kʊkkʊk/, natively quququqquq qaqqaäa /kùkùkùkːùk kàkːàáà/ [kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ]) is the most phonologically minimalistic Kawenic language, with just one consonant /k/, two vowels /u a/, and two tones (high, Romanized ä ü and low, Romanized a u).

Quququqquq grammar is mainly inspired by Finnic languages. Like Estonian, Quququqquq is a partially fusionalized agglutinative language with a large noun case system.

Todo

auääuauüuauüq - a word like õueaiaäär

History

Old Quququqquq had two consonants /t k/. After an epidemic hit, speakers could only communicate in a whistled form of the language, which didn't distinguish between the two consonants. When they later developed a written language based on this, the distinction was thus lost. Words that became homophonous were distinguished by compounding and derivation.

Phonology

Phonotactics

Initial q must be followed by a vowel

Geminate q may occur after a vowel, including word-finally

Any sequence of vowels/tones are allowed, except äää/aaa/üüü/uuu

Morphology

Nouns and adjectives

Quququqquq nouns and adjectives have 17 cases:

1. nominative: the syntactic subject of any verb, intransitive or transitive
2. genitive: the possessor of a noun, or the semantic patient of a verb (the noun that undergoes change as a result of a transitive verb)
3. partitive: an object of a transitive verb that is not semantically a patient
4. illative: 'into'
5. inessive: 'in, inside'
6. elative: 'out of'
7. allative: 'towards; recipient of an act of giving'
8. adessive: 'at, by, next to'
   • X-ADE qau Y-NOM is used for 'X has Y': Qauaqqüqua qau qüqququqau 'Qauaqquq has a cuckoo'
9. ablative: 'from; a person who something is taken, stolen, etc. from'
10. translative: 'becoming X'
11. terminative: 'as far as a location, until/by a certain point in time' (Korean -까지)
12. durative: 'at (temporal), during'
13. essive: 'being X'
14. exessive: 'becoming something else than X'
15. comitative: 'together with X'
16. abessive: 'without X'
17. instructive: 'using X'

Inflection

Nouns and adjectives have four principal parts:

• I: nominative singular (never ends in -qq)
• II: genitive singular (never ends in -q)
• III: genitive plural (often but not always ends in -qa; never ends in -q)
• IV: partitive plural (often III+q but not always)

Some partitive plurals have vowel alternations: -a -> -ü -ä -> -u -u -> -ä -ü -> -a

Given principal parts nouns are declined as follows:

	singular	plural
nominative	I	II-q
genitive	II	III
partitive	I-q	IV
illative	II-ü	III-ü
inessive	II-qqu	III-qqu
elative	II-qqüq	III-qqüq
allative	II-qua	III-qua
adessive	II-qqa	III-qqa
ablative	II-qqäq	III-qqäq
translative	II-ququ	III-ququ
terminative	II-quaä	III-quaä
durative	II-quqqü	III-quqqü
essive	II-qaua	III-qaua
exessive	II-qauäq	III-qauäq
comitative	II-qqäqu	III-qqäqu
abessive	II-uqqau	III-uqqau
instructive	II-qqaqqu	III-qqaqqu

Examples:

aqua, aqü, aquaqa, aquauq 'water'

	singular	plural
nominative	aqua	aqüq
genitive	aqü	aquaqa
partitive	aquaq	aquauq
illative	aqüü	aquaqaü
inessive	aqüqqu	aquaqaqqu
elative	aqüqqüq	aquaqaqqüq
allative	aqüqua	aquaqaqua
adessive	aqüqqa	aquaqaqqa
ablative	aqüqqäq	aquaqaqqäq
translative	aqüququ	aquaqaququ
terminative	aqüquaä	aquaqaquaä
durative	aqüquqqü	aquaqaquqqü
essive	aqüqaua	aquaqaqaua
exessive	aqüqauäq	aquaqaqauäq
comitative	aqüqqäqu	aquaqaqqäqu
abessive	aqüuqqau	aquaqauqqau
instructive	aqüqqaqqu	aquaqaqqaqqu

quququqquq, quququqququ, quququqquqa, quququqquqq 'Quququqquq (adjective)'

	singular	plural
nominative	quququqquq	quququqququq
genitive	quququqququ	quququqquqa
partitive	quququqquqq	quququqquqq
illative	quququqququü	quququqquqaü
inessive	quququqququqqu	quququqquqaqqu
elative	quququqququqqüq	quququqquqaqqüq
allative	quququqquququa	quququqquqaqua
adessive	quququqququqqa	quququqquqaqqa
ablative	quququqququqqäq	quququqquqaqqäq
translative	quququqququququ	quququqquqaququ
terminative	quququqquququaä	quququqquqaquaä
durative	quququqquququqqü	quququqquqaquqqü
essive	quququqququqaua	quququqquqaqaua
exessive	quququqququqauäq	quququqquqaqauäq
comitative	quququqququqqäqu	quququqquqaqqäqu
abessive	quququqququuqqau	quququqquqauqqau
instructive	quququqququqqaqqu	quququqquqaqqaqqu

qaqqaäa, qaqqaäa, qaqqaäqa, qaqqaäaq 'tongue, language'

	singular	plural
nominative	qaqqaäa	qaqqaäaq
genitive	qaqqaäa	qaqqaäqa
partitive	qaqqaäaq	qaqqaäaq
illative	qaqqaäaü	qaqqaäqaü
inessive	qaqqaäaqqu	qaqqaäqaqqu
elative	qaqqaäaqqüq	qaqqaäqaqqüq
allative	qaqqaäaqua	qaqqaäqaqua
adessive	qaqqaäaqqa	qaqqaäqaqqa
ablative	qaqqaäaqqäq	qaqqaäqaqqäq
translative	qaqqaäaququ	qaqqaäqaququ
terminative	qaqqaäaquaä	qaqqaäqaquaä
durative	qaqqaäaquqqü	qaqqaäqaquqqü
essive	qaqqaäaqaua	qaqqaäqaqaua
exessive	qaqqaäaqauäq	qaqqaäqaqauäq
comitative	qaqqaäaqqäqu	qaqqaäqaqqäqu
abessive	qaqqaäauqqau	qaqqaäqauqqau
instructive	qaqqaäaqqaqqu	qaqqaäqaqqaqqu

Verbs

Unlike nouns and adjectives, most verbs have an unchanging stem. There are only two irregular verbs in the language: qaüqa 'to be' and quüqquqa 'to go'.

Quququqquq verbs have several differences from those of Standard Average European:

• verbs are negated using a negative verb that marks TAM
• emphatic forms are used to emphasize the subject, instead of subject pronouns (cf. Old Irish)
• impersonal forms are used instead of the passive voice

Infinitives end in -uqa or -üqa depending on the verb. The connegative form (the form used after the negative verb) is always identical to the 2sg imperative except in irregular verbs.

The suffix -uqqaqq can optionally be added to plural verb forms. The pragmatics of -uqqaqq varies by dialect.

Regular -uqa verbs

quqüäq-uqa 'to write'

indicative mood										imperative mood
		nonpast		past		nonpast emphatic		past emphatic
per.	no.	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative
1st	sg.	quqüäqau	äau quqüäqa	quqüäqää	äqqau quqüäqa	quqüäqauqqa	äqauqqa quqüäqa	quqüäqääuqqa	äqqauqqa quqüäqa	-	-
2nd		quqüäqu	äu quqüäqa	quqüäqäqu	äqqu quqüäqa	quqüäqqä	äqäqqä quqüäqa	quqüäqäqqä	äqqäqqä quqüäqa	quqüäqa	äua quqüäqa
3rd		quqüäquq	äa quqüäqa	quqüäqä	äqq quqüäqa	quqüäquqqa	äqaquqqa quqüäqa	quqüäqäqqa	äqqaqqa quqüäqa	quqüäqqaq	äuqaq quqüäqa
1st	pl.	quqüäqaüq	äqaüq quqüäqa	quqüäqäaüq	äqqauq quqüäqa	quqüäqaüquqq	äqaüquqq quqüäqa	quqüäqäaüquqq	äqqaüquqq quqüäqa	quqüäqqaüq	äuqaüq quqüäqa
2nd		quqüäququq	äququq quqüäqa	quqüäqäuquq	äqququq quqüäqa	quqüäquququqq	äquququqq quqüäqa	quqüäqäuququqq	äqquququqq quqüäqa	quqüäqqü	äuqü quqüäqa
3rd		quqüäqüüq	äqüüq quqüäqa	quqüäqäüüq	äqqüüq quqüäqa	quqüäqüüquqq	äqauqq quqüäqa	quqüäqäüüquqq	äqqauqq quqüäqa	quqüäqqaq	äuqaq quqüäqa
impersonal		quqüäqua	äqua quqüäqa	quqüäqäua	äqqua quqüäqa	-	-	-	-	quqüäqqua	äuqua quqüäqa

Regular -üqa verbs

-üqa results from assimilation of a stem ending in -u- + -uqa. The rule u-u -> ü is applied whenever a suffix begins with u.

auäqq-üqa 'to dig'

indicative mood										imperative mood
		nonpast		past		nonpast emphatic		past emphatic
per.	no.	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative
1st	sg.	auäqquau	äau auäqqua	auäqquää	äqqau auäqqua	auäqquauqqa	äqauqqa auäqqua	auäqquääuqqa	äqqauqqa auäqqua	-	-
2nd		auäqqü	äu auäqqua	auäqquäqu	äqqu auäqqua	auäqquqä	äqäqqä auäqqua	auäqquäqqä	äqqäqqä auäqqua	auäqqua	äua auäqqua
3rd		auäqqüq	äa auäqqua	auäqquä	äqq auäqqua	auäqqüqqa	äqaquqqa auäqqua	auäqquäqqa	äqqaqqa auäqqua	auäqquqaq	äuqaq auäqqua
1st	pl.	auäqquaüq	äqaüq auäqqua	auäqquäaüq	äqqauq auäqqua	auäqquaüquqq	äqaüquqq auäqqua	auäqquäaüquqq	äqqaüquqq auäqqua	auäqquqaüq	äuqaüq auäqqua
2nd		auäqqüquq	äququq auäqqua	auäqquäuquq	äqququq auäqqua	auäqqüququqq	äquququqq auäqqua	auäqquäuququqq	äqquququqq auäqqua	auäqquü	äuqü auäqqua
3rd		auäqquüüq	äqüüq auäqqua	auäqquäüüq	äqqüüq auäqqua	auäqquüüquqq	äqauqq auäqqua	auäqquäüüquqq	äqqauqq auäqqua	auäqquqaq	äuqaq auäqqua
impersonal		auäqqüa	äqua auäqqua	auäqquäua	äqqua auäqqua	-	-	-	-	auäqququa	äuqaua auäqqua

qaüqa 'to be'

qaüqa 'to be'

indicative mood										imperative mood
		nonpast		past		nonpast emphatic		past emphatic
per.	no.	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative
1st	sg.	qauau	äau qaua	qauää	äqqau qaua	qauauqqa	äqauqqa qaua	qauääuqqa	äqqauqqa qaua	-	-
2nd		qaü	äu qaua	qauäqu	äqqu qaua	qauqä	äqäqqä qaua	qauäqqä	äqqäqqä qaua	qüu	äua qüu
3rd		qau	äa qaua	qauä	äqq qaua	qaüqqa	äqaquqqa qaua	qauäqqa	äqqaqqa qaua	qüuqaq	äuqaq qüu
1st	pl.	qauaüq	äqaüq qaua	qauäaüq	äqqauq qaua	qauaüquqq	äqaüquqq qaua	qauäaüquqq	äqqaüquqq qaua	qüuqaüq	äuqaüq qüu
2nd		qaüquq	äququq qaua	qauäuquq	äqququq qaua	qaüququqq	äquququqq qaua	qauäuququqq	äqquququqq qaua	qüuqü	äuqü qüu
3rd		qaüüq	äqüüq qaua	qauäüüq	äqqüüq qaua	qaüüquqq	äqauqq qaua	qauäüüquqq	äqqauqq qaua	qüuqaq	äuqaq qüu
impersonal		qaüa	äqua qaua	qauäua	äqqua qaua	-	-	-	-	qüuqua	äuqua qüu

quüqquqa 'to go'

This verb uses the stem aqäaq- in the indicative mood and the stem quüqq- in the imperative mood.

quüqquqa 'to go'

indicative mood										imperative mood
		nonpast		past		nonpast emphatic		past emphatic
per.	no.	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative	affirmative	negative
1st	sg.	aqäaqau	äau aqäaqa	aqäaqää	äqqau aqäaqa	aqäaqauqqa	äqauqqa aqäaqa	aqäaqääuqqa	äqqauqqa aqäaqa	-	-
2nd		aqäaqu	äu aqäaqa	aqäaqäqu	äqqu aqäaqa	aqäaqqä	äqäqqä aqäaqa	aqäaqäqqä	äqqäqqä aqäaqa	quüqqa	äua quüqqa
3rd		aqäaquq	äa aqäaqa	aqäaqä	äqq aqäaqa	aqäaquqqa	äqaquqqa aqäaqa	aqäaqäqqa	äqqaqqa aqäaqa	quüqqaq	äuqaq quüqqa
1st	pl.	aqäaqaüq	äqaüq aqäaqa	aqäaqäaüq	äqqauq aqäaqa	aqäaqaüquqq	äqaüquqq aqäaqa	aqäaqäaüquqq	äqqaüquqq aqäaqa	quüqqaüq	äuqaüq quüqqa
2nd		aqäaququq	äququq aqäaqa	aqäaqäuquq	äqququq aqäaqa	aqäaquququqq	äquququqq aqäaqa	aqäaqäuququqq	äqquququqq aqäaqa	quüqqü	äuqü quüqqa
3rd		aqäaqüüq	äqüüq aqäaqa	aqäaqäüüq	äqqüüq aqäaqa	aqäaqüüquqq	äqauqq aqäaqa	aqäaqäüüquqq	äqqauqq aqäaqa	quüqqaq	äuqaq quüqqa
impersonal		aqäaqua	äqua aqäaqa	aqäaqäua	äqqua aqäaqa	-	-	-	-	quüqqua	äuqua quüqqa

Pronouns

Personal pronouns have no nominative forms; emphatic forms of verbs are used instead to emphasize a pronominal subject.

Pronouns have emphatic forms too.

• quqüü 'who, what'

Phrasebook

• Uu. 'Yes.'
• Aäa. 'No.'