Esperanto Vulgara: Difference between revisions
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{construction}} {{infobox language | name = Esperanto Vulgara | altname = Vulgara, Basilekto | nativename = vulgarà | image = File:Flag_of_Esperanto.svg | imagecaption = Flag of Esperanto | pronunciation = vuwgaˈraː | creator = User:Jukethatbox | created = 2025 | state = Esperantujoj | speakers = 1.5 million | date = 2024 | familycolor = Constructed language | fam1 = Esperanto | script1 = Latn | notice=ipa }} '''Esperanto Vulgara''', typically r...") |
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Esperanto's consonant inventory was significantly simplied in Vulgara. Notable differences include: | Esperanto's consonant inventory was significantly simplied in Vulgara. Notable differences include: | ||
* Merging of /dʒ/ into /ʒ/; {{ | * Merging of /dʒ/ into /ʒ/; {{l|eo|ĝi}} /ˈd͡ʒi/ becomes /ˈʒi/, {{l|eo|ĝoji}} /ˈd͡ʒoji/ becomes ''ĵoji'' /ˈʒoj/ | ||
* Gemination of /kt, gd/; {{l|eo|aktoro}} becomes ''attoro'' /atˈtoːro/ | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{| style="margin: 0 auto;" | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top;" | |||
| | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Short vowels | |||
|- | |||
! !! Front !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| i || u | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| e || o | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| colspan=2 | a | |||
|} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Long vowels | |||
|- | |||
! !! Front !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| iː || uː | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Mid | |||
| eː || oː | |||
|- | |||
| ɛː || ɔː | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| colspan=2 | aː | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
Vulgara preserves the same five vowels of standard Esperanto, though also incorporates seven long vowels; by default, stressed vowels before non-geminated consonants are lengthened (cf. Italian), though long vowels can also arise from ''akrolekto'' diphthongs and adjacent identical vowels, for example: | |||
* (/V.V/ > /Vː/) Esperanto {{l|eo|heroo}} /heˈro.o/ > Vulgara ''her'''ò''''' /heˈroː/ | |||
* (/ˈV/ > /ˈVː/) Esp. {{l|eo|aktoro}} /akˈtoro/ > Vul. ''att'''o'''ro'' /atˈtoːro/ | |||
However, Vulgara also | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<references group="lower-alpha"/> | <references group="lower-alpha"/> | ||
[[Category:Esperanto Vulgara]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Esperanto Vulgara]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] | ||
Revision as of 12:54, 31 July 2025
 | This article is a construction site. This project is currently undergoing significant construction and/or revamp. By all means, take a look around, thank you. |
| Esperanto Vulgara | |
|---|---|
| Vulgara, Basilekto | |
| vulgarà | |
 Flag of Esperanto | |
| Pronunciation | [vuwgaˈraː] |
| Created by | Jukethatbox |
| Date | 2025 |
| Native to | Esperantujoj |
| Native speakers | 1.5 million (2024) |
Esperanto Vulgara, typically referred to simply as Vulgara or in Esperanto spaces as Basilekto,[a] refers to a continuum of simplified dialects of the international auxiliary language Esperanto. Vulgara is by far the most spoken variety of Esperanto; in Esperanto linguistics, it is generally considered the primary basilect (Esperanto: basilekto) as opposed to the standard Esperanto acrolect (Esperanto: akrolekto).
Although Vulgara refers to many varieties of basilectal Esperanto, there are various features that unite most Vulgara varieties, such as long vowels and an otherwise simplified phonology, a simplified verbal paradigm, and a morphology of more diverse origins than standard Esperanto.[b] Vulgara is not mutually intelligible with standard Esperanto; however, most young Esperantistoj hold an equal grasp of both Vulgara and standard Esperanto, despite Vulgara not being officially taught in any Esperantuja jurisdiction.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | b | t | d | k | g | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | (ŋ) | |||||
| Affricate | ts | tʃ | |||||||
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | x~h | ||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||
Esperanto's consonant inventory was significantly simplied in Vulgara. Notable differences include:
- Merging of /dʒ/ into /ʒ/; ĝi /ˈd͡ʒi/ becomes /ˈʒi/, ĝoji /ˈd͡ʒoji/ becomes ĵoji /ˈʒoj/
- Gemination of /kt, gd/; aktoro becomes attoro /atˈtoːro/
Vowels
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vulgara preserves the same five vowels of standard Esperanto, though also incorporates seven long vowels; by default, stressed vowels before non-geminated consonants are lengthened (cf. Italian), though long vowels can also arise from akrolekto diphthongs and adjacent identical vowels, for example:
- (/V.V/ > /Vː/) Esperanto heroo /heˈro.o/ > Vulgara herò /heˈroː/
- (/ˈV/ > /ˈVː/) Esp. aktoro /akˈtoro/ > Vul. attoro /atˈtoːro/
However, Vulgara also
Notes
- ^ (vulgarà, pronounced [vuwgaˈraː], Esperanto: [espeˈranto vulˈgara], lit. "Vulgar Esperanto")
- ^ Most words in standard Esperanto are of European origin, more specifically Romance languages, Germanic languages and Slavic languages (in descending order of occurence)