Esperanto Vulgara: Difference between revisions
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
* Merging of /dʒ/ into /ʒ/; {{l|eo|ĝi}} /ˈd͡ʒi/ becomes /ˈʒi/, {{l|eo|ĝoji}} /ˈd͡ʒoji/ becomes ''ĵoji'' /ˈʒoj/ | * Merging of /dʒ/ into /ʒ/; {{l|eo|ĝi}} /ˈd͡ʒi/ becomes /ˈʒi/, {{l|eo|ĝoji}} /ˈd͡ʒoji/ becomes ''ĵoji'' /ˈʒoj/ | ||
* Gemination of /kt, gd/; {{l|eo|aktoro}} becomes ''attoro'' /atˈtoːro/ | * Gemination of /kt, gd/; {{l|eo|aktoro}} becomes ''attoro'' /atˈtoːro/ | ||
* Coda /l/ > /w/, as in ''vu'''l'''gara'' /vuwˈgara/ | |||
* /l/ also palatalises to /j/ in /fl/ clusters, as in Esp. ''floro'' becomes ''fljoro'' or even ''fjoro'' (possibly under Italian influence) | |||
===N-assmiliation=== | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| style="margin: 0 auto;" | {| style="margin: 0 auto;" | ||
| Line 84: | Line 88: | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
Vulgara preserves the same five vowels of standard Esperanto, though also incorporates seven long vowels; by default, stressed vowels | Vulgara preserves the same five vowels of standard Esperanto, though also incorporates seven long vowels; by default, stressed vowels in open syllables are lengthened (cf. Italian), though long vowels can also arise from ''akrolekto'' diphthongs and adjacent identical vowels, for example: | ||
* (/V.V/ > /Vː/) Esperanto {{l|eo|heroo}} /heˈro.o/ > Vulgara ''her'''ò''''' /heˈroː/ | * (/V.V/ > /Vː/) Esperanto {{l|eo|heroo}} /heˈro.o/ > Vulgara ''her'''ò''''' /heˈroː/ | ||
* (/ˈV/ > /ˈVː/) Esp. {{l|eo|aktoro}} /akˈtoro/ > Vul. ''att'''o'''ro'' /atˈtoːro/ | * (/ˈV/ > /ˈVː/) Esp. {{l|eo|aktoro}} /akˈtoro/ > Vul. ''att'''o'''ro'' /atˈtoːro/ | ||
==Vocabulary== | |||
Various Esperanto words take wholly new forms | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<references group="lower-alpha"/> | <references group="lower-alpha"/> | ||
[[Category:Esperanto Vulgara]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Esperanto Vulgara]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:18, 6 October 2025
 | This article is a construction site. This project is currently undergoing significant construction and/or revamp. By all means, take a look around, thank you. |
| Esperanto Vulgara | |
|---|---|
| Vulgara, Basilekto | |
| vulgarà | |
 Flag of Esperanto | |
| Pronunciation | [vuwgaˈraː] |
| Created by | Jukethatbox |
| Date | 2025 |
| Native to | Esperantujoj |
| Native speakers | 1.5 million (2024) |
Esperanto Vulgara, typically referred to simply as Vulgara or in Esperanto spaces as Basilekto,[a] refers to a continuum of simplified dialects of the international auxiliary language Esperanto. Vulgara is by far the most spoken variety of Esperanto; in Esperanto linguistics, it is generally considered the primary basilect (Esperanto: basilekto) as opposed to the standard Esperanto acrolect (Esperanto: akrolekto).
Although Vulgara refers to many varieties of basilectal Esperanto, there are various features that unite most Vulgara varieties, such as long vowels and an otherwise simplified phonology, a simplified verbal paradigm, and a morphology of more diverse origins than standard Esperanto.[b] Vulgara is not mutually intelligible with standard Esperanto; however, most young Esperantistoj hold an equal grasp of both Vulgara and standard Esperanto, despite Vulgara not being officially taught in any Esperantuja jurisdiction.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | b | t | d | k | g | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | (ŋ) | |||||
| Affricate | ts | tʃ | |||||||
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | x~h | ||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||
Esperanto's consonant inventory was significantly simplied in Vulgara. Notable differences include:
- Merging of /dʒ/ into /ʒ/; ĝi /ˈd͡ʒi/ becomes /ˈʒi/, ĝoji /ˈd͡ʒoji/ becomes ĵoji /ˈʒoj/
- Gemination of /kt, gd/; aktoro becomes attoro /atˈtoːro/
- Coda /l/ > /w/, as in vulgara /vuwˈgara/
- /l/ also palatalises to /j/ in /fl/ clusters, as in Esp. floro becomes fljoro or even fjoro (possibly under Italian influence)
N-assmiliation
Vowels
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vulgara preserves the same five vowels of standard Esperanto, though also incorporates seven long vowels; by default, stressed vowels in open syllables are lengthened (cf. Italian), though long vowels can also arise from akrolekto diphthongs and adjacent identical vowels, for example:
- (/V.V/ > /Vː/) Esperanto heroo /heˈro.o/ > Vulgara herò /heˈroː/
- (/ˈV/ > /ˈVː/) Esp. aktoro /akˈtoro/ > Vul. attoro /atˈtoːro/
Vocabulary
Various Esperanto words take wholly new forms
Notes
- ^ (vulgarà, pronounced [vuwgaˈraː], Esperanto: [espeˈranto vulˈgara], lit. "Vulgar Esperanto")
- ^ Most words in standard Esperanto are of European origin, more specifically Romance languages, Germanic languages and Slavic languages (in descending order of occurence)