User:IlL/Spare pages 1/40: Difference between revisions

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{{DEFAULTSORT:English, IlL}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:English, IlL}}
The following is the pronunciation standard I aspire to; it is somewhat Philadelphian but also has other influences.


This is the pronunciation standard I aspire to; it can be described as "slightly poshed-up Philadelphian".
{{IPA keys}}
{{IPA keys}}
{| style="background:none"
{| style="background:none"
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|-
|-
|<big>d</big>
|<big>d</big>
| align=left|'''d'''ye, ca'''d''', '''d'''o, a'''dd'''ed
| align=left|'''d'''ye, ca'''d''', '''d'''o, '''d'''ue, a'''dd'''ed, '''d'''rink
|-
|-
|<big>ð</big>
|<big>ð</big>
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|-
|-
|<big>d͡ʒ</big>
|<big>d͡ʒ</big>
| align=left|'''g'''iant, ba'''dge''', '''j'''am, '''d'''ue, '''d'''rink
| align=left|'''g'''iant, ba'''dge''', '''j'''am
|-
|-
|<big>f</big>
|<big>f</big>
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|<big>k; kʰ</big>
|<big>k; kʰ</big>
| align=left|s'''k'''y, '''c'''ra'''ck''', '''ch'''arisma; '''c'''an, '''q'''uite
| align=left|s'''k'''y, '''c'''ra'''ck''', '''ch'''arisma; '''c'''an, '''q'''uite
|-
|<big>l</big>
| align=left|'''l'''amp, s'''l'''y, ga'''l''', a'''ll'''igator
|-
|-
|<big>ɫ</big>
|<big>ɫ</big>
| align=left|fee'''l''', ca'''ll'''
| align=left|'''l'''amp, s'''l'''y, ga'''l''', a'''ll'''igator, fee'''l''', ca'''ll'''
|-
|-
|<big>m</big>
|<big>m</big>
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|<big>ŋ</big>
|<big>ŋ</big>
| align=left|sa'''ng''', tha'''n'''k, si'''n'''king, runni'''ng'''
| align=left|sa'''ng''', tha'''n'''k, si'''n'''king, runni'''ng'''
|-
|<big>ŋɡ</big>
| align=left|fi'''ng'''er, a'''ng'''er, si'''ng'''er
|-
|-
|<big>θ</big>
|<big>θ</big>
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|-
|-
|<big>ʃ</big>
|<big>ʃ</big>
| align=left|'''sh'''y, ca'''sh''', emo'''ti'''on, '''s'''tupid
| align=left|'''sh'''y, ca'''sh''', emo'''ti'''on
|-
|-
|<big>t; tʰ</big>
|<big>t; tʰ</big>
| align=left|s'''t'''y, ca'''t''', a'''t'''om; '''t'''ime, '''t'''on
| align=left|s'''t'''y, ca'''t''', '''t'''ime, '''t'''on, '''t'''une
|-
|<big>ɾ</big>
| align=left|pa'''tt'''y, migh'''t'''y
|-
|-
|<big>t͡ʃ; t͡ʃʰ</big>
|<big>t͡ʃ; t͡ʃʰ</big>
| align=left|<span style="font-style: normal; ">ca</span>'''tch''', '''t'''rack, Por'''t'''ugal;<span style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-style: normal; "> </span>'''Ch'''ina, '''t'''une
| align=left|<span style="font-style: normal; ">ca</span>'''tch''', Por'''t'''ugal;<span style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-style: normal; "> </span>'''Ch'''ina
|-
|-
|<big>v</big>
|<big>v</big>
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|-
|-
|<big>ʔ</big>
|<big>ʔ</big>
| align=left|uh'''-'''oh
| align=left|uh'''-'''oh, ki'''tt'''en
|}
|}
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
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! colspan="4"| [[wikipedia:Vowel|Vowels]]
! colspan="4"| [[wikipedia:Vowel|Vowels]]
|-
|-
! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !! [[wikipedia:Vowel length|short]] !! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !![[wikipedia:Vowel length|long]]
! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !! lax !! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !! tense
|-
|-
|<big>a</big>
|<big>æ~a</big>
| align=left|tr'''a'''p, p'''a'''d, l'''au'''gh
| align=left|tr'''a'''p, p'''a'''d, m'''a'''rry, line'''a'''rity, '''a'''nimal, d'''a'''mage, dyn'''a'''mic, p'''a'''ssive, t'''a'''ffy, p'''a'''thos
|<big>ɑː</big>
|<big>eə̯</big>
| align=left|p'''al'''m, f'''a'''ther, st'''ar'''t, c'''a'''n't
| align=left|'''a'''nt, c'''a'''mp, f'''a'''mily, h'''a'''lf, cr'''a'''ft, p'''a'''ss, l'''a'''st, b'''a'''th (see below)
|-
|-
| <big>ɛ</big>
| <big>ɛ</big>
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|<big>ɪ</big>
|<big>ɪ</big>
| align=left|k'''i'''ll, l'''i'''d, b'''i'''n, s'''y'''stem
| align=left|k'''i'''ll, l'''i'''d, b'''i'''n, s'''y'''stem
|<big>iː</big>
|<big>i</big>
| align=left|fl'''ea''', s'''ee'''d, rec'''ei'''ve, ach'''ie'''ve, encyclop'''æ'''dia, f'''œ'''tus, J'''e'''sus
| align=left|s'''ee'''d, rec'''ei'''ve, ach'''ie'''ve, encyclop'''e'''dia, f'''e'''tus, J'''e'''sus, happ'''y'''
|-
|-
|<big>ɒ</big>
|<big>ɑ~ɒ</big>
| align=left|rob'''o'''t, p'''o'''d, c'''ou'''gh
| align=left|p'''a'''lm, f'''a'''ther, p'''a'''sta, d'''o'''t, '''o'''range
|<big>ɔː</big>
|<big>oə~ʊə</big>
| align=left|th'''ough'''t, d'''aw'''n, f'''a'''ll, c'''or'''n
| align=left|th'''ough'''t, d'''aw'''n, f'''a'''ll, p'''o'''le, '''o'''ff, l'''o'''ss, c'''o'''st, cl'''o'''th, d'''o'''g, l'''o'''ng, '''o'''n (see CLOTH words below)
|-
|-
|<big>ʊ</big>
|<big>ʊ</big>
| align=left|g'''oo'''d, m'''u'''d, w'''o'''man, y'''ou'''ng
| align=left|g'''oo'''d, w'''o'''man, f'''oo'''l, p'''u'''ll
|<big>u̟ː; ju̟ː</big>
|<big>ʉ; jʉ</big>
| align=left|f'''oo'''d, ch'''ew''', d'''o''', thr'''ough'''; c'''u'''te, qu'''eue''', '''you''', n'''eu'''tral
| align=left|f'''oo'''d, ch'''ew''', d'''o''', thr'''ough'''; c'''u'''te, qu'''eue''', '''you''', n'''eu'''tral
|-
|<big>ɤ~ʌ~ə</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left| m'''u'''d, y'''ou'''ng, h'''u'''rry, t'''u'''rret, c'''u'''rrent, c'''u'''ll, g'''u'''llet
|-
|-
|<big>ə</big>
|<big>ə</big>
| align=left|comm'''a''', '''a'''ssume, lett'''er'''
|! colspan="3" align=left|comm'''a''', '''a'''ssume
|<big>ɜː</big>
| align=left|b'''ir'''d, f'''ur'''ry, w'''or'''d
|-
|-
! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !! [[wikipedia:Diphthong|diphthongs]]  !! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !![[wikipedia:Triphthong|triphthongs]]
! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]]  
!colspan="3" align=left| Diphthongs and rhotic vowels
|-
|-
|<big>aɪ̯</big>
|<big>ɑj</big>
| align=left|r'''i'''de, p'''i'''le, '''I''', d'''ye''', b'''uy'''
| align=left|r'''i'''de, p'''i'''le, '''I''', d'''ye''', b'''uy'''
|<big>aɪ̯ə</big>
|<big>ʌj</big>
| align=left|h'''ire''', '''Ire'''land, ch'''oir''', b'''uyer'''
| align=left|sp'''i'''der, t'''igh'''t, t'''y'''pe
|-
|<big>ɑɚ</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|c'''ar''', y'''ar'''d
|-
|-
|<big>aʊ̯</big>
|<big>æw</big>
| align=left|c'''ow''', l'''ou'''d, b'''ough'''
|! colspan="3" align=left|c'''ow''', l'''ou'''d, b'''ough'''
|<big>aʊ̯ə</big>
| align=left|'''hour''', sh'''ower''', d'''our'''
|-
|-
|<big>ɛə̯</big>
|<big>ɛj</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|'''air''', c'''are''', b'''ear''', m'''ayor''', wh'''ere''', f'''a'''re
| align=left|s'''ay''', r'''ay'''s, v'''ague'''
|<big>ɪj</big>
| align=left| n'''a'''me, p'''ai'''n, w'''eigh'''t, r'''ai'''se, fl'''ea'''
|-
|-
|<big>eɪ̯</big>
|<big>eɚ</big>
| align=left|b'''ay''', n'''a'''me, p'''ai'''n, w'''eigh'''t
|! colspan="3" align=left|c'''are''', f'''air'''y, authorit'''ar'''ian
|<big>eɪ̯ə</big>
| align=left|betr'''aya'''l, Mal'''aya'''n
|-
|-
|<big>ɪə̯</big>
|<big>iɚ</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|b'''eer''', f'''ear''', s'''e'''rious, f'''ier'''ce, b'''ear'''d, h'''ere'''
|! colspan="3" align=left|b'''eer''', f'''ear''', s'''e'''rious, f'''ier'''ce, b'''ear'''d, h'''ere'''
|-
|-
|<big>ɔɪ̯</big>
|<big>oj~ʊj</big>
| align=left|ch'''oi'''ce, t'''oy''', c'''oi'''n
|! colspan="3" align=left|ch'''oi'''ce, t'''oy''', c'''oi'''n
|<big>ɔɪ̯ə</big>
|-
| align=left|empl'''oyer''', l'''awyer''', destr'''oyer'''
|<big>əw</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|b'''o'''ne, g'''o''', g'''oa'''t, bl'''ow'''
|-
|<big>oɚ~ʊɚ</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|n'''or'''th, c'''ore''', p'''oor'''
|-
|<big>joɚ</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|c'''ure''', p'''ure'''
|-
|<big>ɚ</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|f'''ur''', lett'''er'''
|-
|-
|<big>əʊ̯</big>
| align=left|b'''o'''ne, g'''o''', g'''oa'''t, bl'''ow'''
|<big>əʊ̯ə</big>
| align=left|m'''ower''', b'''oa''', N'''oah'''
|-
|-
! colspan="4" | [[wikipedia:Syllabic consonant|Syllabic consonants]]
! colspan="4" | [[wikipedia:Syllabic consonant|Syllabic consonants]]
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|}
|}
|}
|}
==Additional tense-A words==
*/æ/ before /m n f s θ/ in closed syllables, except ''am, and, can (verb), began, ran, swam'', in words that are not abbreviations of words with lax /æ/
**e.g. ''answer, ant, can't, trample, example, half, mass, past, bath''
*''calve, halve''
*''castle, fasten, raspberry''
*''glad, mad''
==CLOTH words==
*cough, doff, off, scoff, toff, trough, often
*croft, loft, oft, soft, toft
*coffer, offer, proffer
*office, coffee, toffee
*across, boss, cross, doss, dross, emboss, floss, fosse, gloss, hoss, lacrosse, loss, moss, Ross, toss
*Boston, foster, cost, frost, lost
*broth, cloth, froth, moth, sloth, wroth
*along, belong, long, oblong, song, strong, thong, throng, tong, wrong
*dog
*on and words with it: e.g. onward(s), onto, upon, thereon, whereon, hereon

Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023

The following is the pronunciation standard I aspire to; it is somewhat Philadelphian but also has other influences.

IPA Keys
Aelatha
Attian
Avendonian
Ayeri
Biscayan
Brittainese
Cet
Cha
Cruckeny
Etlish
Evonish
Favlona
Guimin
Gwaxol
Hantza
Hemaluan
High Valyrian
Iaskyon
Jukpë
Kaikiwan
Keeltyewarem
Kihā́mmic
Knrawi
Kunarek
Luthic
Lôppic
Maryan Coptic
Messinese
Mihousapeja
Millennish
Moshurian
Oltic
Owaex
Pomorian
Qafesona
Rangyayo
Rulhilli
Soc'ul'
Sudyrnish
Umbrean
Consonants
IPA examples
b buy, cab, abbot
ç~ɦ hue, human, huge
d dye, cad, do, due, added, drink
ð thy, breathe, father
d͡ʒ giant, badge, jam
f fan, café, physics, laugh
ɡ guy, bag, yoghurt
h high, hot, who
ɦ~h ahead, behind
j yes, yacht
k; kʰ sky, crack, charisma; can, quite
ɫ lamp, sly, gal, alligator, feel, call
m my, smile, cam, slammed
ɱ symphony, circumvent
n nigh, snide, can, banned
ŋ sang, thank, sinking, running
θ thigh, maths, atheist
p; pʰ spy, cap, tapping; pin, pony, rapport
ɹ rye, try, very
s sigh, mass
ʃ shy, cash, emotion
t; tʰ sty, cat, time, ton, tune
ɾ patty, mighty
t͡ʃ; t͡ʃʰ catch, Portugal; China
v vie, have
w why, wine, question
x loch, jalapeño
z zoo, has, realise
ʒ equation, pleasure, vision, beige
ʔ uh-oh, kitten
Vowels
IPA lax IPA tense
æ~a trap, pad, marry, linearity, animal, damage, dynamic, passive, taffy, pathos eə̯ ant, camp, family, half, craft, pass, last, bath (see below)
ɛ dress, bed, fell, error, merry, again
ɪ kill, lid, bin, system i seed, receive, achieve, encyclopedia, fetus, Jesus, happy
ɑ~ɒ palm, father, pasta, dot, orange oə~ʊə thought, dawn, fall, pole, off, loss, cost, cloth, dog, long, on (see CLOTH words below)
ʊ good, woman, fool, pull ʉ; jʉ food, chew, do, through; cute, queue, you, neutral
ɤ~ʌ~ə mud, young, hurry, turret, current, cull, gullet
ə comma, assume
IPA Diphthongs and rhotic vowels
ɑj ride, pile, I, dye, buy ʌj spider, tight, type
ɑɚ car, yard
æw cow, loud, bough
ɛj say, rays, vague ɪj name, pain, weight, raise, flea
eɚ care, fairy, authoritarian
iɚ beer, fear, serious, fierce, beard, here
oj~ʊj choice, toy, coin
əw bone, go, goat, blow
oɚ~ʊɚ north, core, poor
joɚ cure, pure
ɚ fur, letter
Syllabic consonants
ɫ̩~əɫ awful, waffle, offal, squabble
m̩~əm rhythm, atom
n̩~ən button, even, Britain, often

Additional tense-A words

  • /æ/ before /m n f s θ/ in closed syllables, except am, and, can (verb), began, ran, swam, in words that are not abbreviations of words with lax /æ/
    • e.g. answer, ant, can't, trample, example, half, mass, past, bath
  • calve, halve
  • castle, fasten, raspberry
  • glad, mad

CLOTH words

  • cough, doff, off, scoff, toff, trough, often
  • croft, loft, oft, soft, toft
  • coffer, offer, proffer
  • office, coffee, toffee
  • across, boss, cross, doss, dross, emboss, floss, fosse, gloss, hoss, lacrosse, loss, moss, Ross, toss
  • Boston, foster, cost, frost, lost
  • broth, cloth, froth, moth, sloth, wroth
  • along, belong, long, oblong, song, strong, thong, throng, tong, wrong
  • dog
  • on and words with it: e.g. onward(s), onto, upon, thereon, whereon, hereon
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