Indeyivroplu

Indeyivroplu (indëjivroplu / индейивроплу) is a personal constructed language classifiable as both an engineered and auxiliary language, with the goals of reforming connections between the several branches of the Indo-European language family, and maintaining an absolute logic in structure. In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indeyivroplu is almost entirely a posteriori and rooted from the following languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (one from each I.E. branch, in decreasing order of prevalence). There are however some words loaned from non-I.E. languages and even some fully unique root words.

The structure of Indeyivroplu is holistically a mixture between common Indo-European patterns and several inspirations received from other world languages. Indeyivroplu is a synthetic language, notable for its inflection based on part of speech and frequent agglutination, but lack of grammatical gender or cases.

Indeyivroplu
indëjivroplu индейивроплу
Pronunciation	[in.d̪ɪ̞ˌjiˈvɾɔ.pʰlu̞]
Created by	Palachu
Date	2017
Setting	Eastern Europe; fictional Earth
Language family	Indo-European Indeyivroplu
Writing systems	Latin Cyrillic

Orthography

Letter-Latin	Letter-Cyrillic	IPA Equiv.
Aa	Аа	[a]
Bb	Бб	[b]
Dd	Дд	[d̪]
Ee	Ээ	[ɛ]
Ëë	Ее	[ɪ̞]
Ff	Фф	[f]
Gg	Гг	[g]
Ğğ	Ғғ	[ɣ]
Hh	Ҳҳ	[h]
Ii	Ии	[i]
Jj	Йй	[j]
Kk	Кк	[kʰ]
Ll	Лл	[l]
Mm	Мм	[m]
Nn	Нн	[n]
Ňň	Ңң	[ŋ]
Oo	Оо	[ɔ]
Pp	Пп	[pʰ]
Rr	Рр	[r],[ɾ]¬
Ss	Сс	[s]
Šš	Шш	[ʃ]
Tt	Тт	[t̪ʰ]
Uu	Уу	[u̞]
Vv	Вв	[v]
Xx	Хх	[χ]
Zz	Зз	[z]
Žž	Жж	[ʒ]

¬With two IPA values, use the first solely when letter comes first in syllable

Writing Conventions

Capitalization functions a bit differently from other languages using the Latin script, in that capitalization is only used at the start of proper names, thus the first word of an Indeyivroplu sentence will not necessarily be capitalized.

In the formal register, a hyphen should be appended at the morpheme boundary of all proper names.

Two spaces are to be inserted after the period ending a sentence.

If typing diacritics is not supported, those 5 letters of the Latin script should be written as their base form plus an apostraphe ('). For Cyrillic, the 3 special letters should become their base form plus ь.

Note that affricates do not phonemically exist in Indeyivroplu, so their equivalents are always orthographically 2 letters.

Setting

The fictional region where Indeyivroplu is spoken would be located along parts of the northern shore of the Danube river in Romania by the Bulgarian border, and is called Tsaxikézaf (locally transliterated to Țahichezaf or Цахикезаф). This location was chosen because it is the geographic midpoint between the home nations of Indeyivroplu's eight constituent languages.

Phonology

Indeyivroplu has a very close to perfectly phonemic orthography, where 1 grapheme always corresponds to 1 phoneme and vice versa. Morphophonology does not play any role, but the only minor deviation is with the 1 letter <r>, which is articulated as a trill when first in a syllable, or as a tap otherwise. Note that the 3 unvoiced plosives are always aspirated.

Consonants

		Bilabial	Labiodental	Denti-alveolar	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Plosive		pʰ b		t̪ʰ d̪				kʰ g
Nasal		m			n			ŋ
Fricative			f v		s z	ʃ ʒ		ɣ	χ	h
Approximant							j
Tap					ɾ
Trill					r
Lateral Approx.					l

Vowels

Indeyivroplu Vowel Formants Chart

	Front	<-->	Central	<-->	Back
Close	i
Near-Close					u̞
Close-Mid		ɪ̞
Mid
Open-Mid	ɛ				ɔ
Near-Open
Open	a

Prosody

When pronouncing words, the division between syllables in the case of a consonant cluster at a syllable boundary is done by equally splitting the consonants if an even cluster, or putting 1 more consonant in the 2nd syllable if an odd cluster. The only exception to this method is with glides (see "Phonotactics" below).

Stress

Word stress in Indeyivroplu falls by default on the ultimate syllable of the final stem, so never on the inflection except for verbs. This means: ultimate syllable for verbs and proper names; but penultimate for all other parts of speech (n./adj./adv./pron./conj./pre./intj.). An earlier syllable can be stressed instead, but only through the usage of an acute diacritic (á,é,e̋,í,ó,ú). There is also secondary stress in words with more than four syllables, falling on every third syllable before the primary stress.

1. andir - [anˈd̪iɾ]
2. mijonu - [miˈjɔ.nu̞]
3. gutňohajr - [gu̞t̪ʰ.ŋɔˈhajɾ]
4. nëfrëzohruti - [nɪ̞.fɾɪ̞ˌzɔˈhɾu̞.t̪ʰi]
5. luskorzorkëgijoha - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾˌzɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈjɔ.ha]
6. atshúndatğramju - [at̪ʰˈshu̞n.d̪at̪ʰ.ɣɾa.mju̞]

Intonation

Stress in Indeyivroplu is realised as a dynamic accent, meaning loudness is the distinguishing factor as opposed to tonality.

Phonotactics

Indeyivroplu has quite a high level of freedom when it comes to phonotactics. There are three rules governing the scenarios where consonant clusters can break the Sonority Sequencing Principle:

1. = A single syllable may contain multiple adjacent nasals, fricatives, or plosives, as long as two of the same phoneme (disregarding voicedness) don’t occur adjacently within the syllable.
2. = A glide placed directly after a nasal, fricative, or plosive when in the syllable coda will make those two consonants behave as a single unit together, but the glide cannot be followed by another consonant in that syllable.
3. = Fricatives and stops are both regarded as if having the same priority ranking and therefore may be placed interchangeably in a cluster.

Additionally, there is a 4th phonotactic rule:

1. = Word stems / morphemes must always end in a consonant. This exists to more clearly mark the start of an inflection in a word, since all inflections begin with a vowel.

Morphology

Inflection

Words in Indeyivroplu are inflected for parts of speech. In this manner, every word forms from a non-inflected stem which is given one of the following suffixes: -u (noun), -a (adjective), -i (adverb), -ë (conjunction), -e (preposition), -o (pronoun), -ui (interjection), -ir (infinitive verb).

1. prend- = related to comprehension

   prendu = understanding (n.)

   prendir = to understand (inf. v.)

   prenda = understood (adj.)

   prendi = understandingly (adv.)

   prendui = OK / understood (intj.)

2. loğ- = related to reason

   loğu = reason, logic (n.)

   loğë = because (conj.)

   loğe = because of (pre.)

   loğa = logical (adj.)

   loği = logically (adv.)

   loğir = reason (inf. v.)

3. m- = related to 1st person

   mo = I, me (pron.)

   ma = my (adj.)

Verb Conjugation

Verbs in Indeyivroplu conjugate according to 3 persons, 2 numbers, 3 tenses, and 5 moods. To conjugate, replace the -ir infinitive suffix with the following:

Indicative
		Past	Pres.	Futu.
1stP.	sing.	-adz	-ar	-ax
	plu.	-ajdz	-ajr	-ajx
2ndP.	sing.	-udz	-ur	-ux
	plu.	-ujdz	-ujr	-ujx
3rdP.	sing.	-ëdz	-ër	-ëx
	plu.	-ëjdz	-ëjr	-ëjx
Imperative
1stP.	sing.	-af
	plu.	-ajf
2ndP.	sing.	-uf
	plu.	-ujf
3rdP.	sing.	-ëf
	plu.	-ëjf
Subjunctive
-sj- + (indicative conjugation)
Conditional
-šp- + (indicative conjugation)
Interrogative
hëmož- + (verb stem) + (conjugat.)

The subjunctive and conditional moods are related in that both deal with hypothetical situations, where conditional is dependent on subjunctive. For details refer to: Grammatical Mood.

The interrogative mood using hëmož- (colloquially hož-) is used in all questions, unless they already include one of the words beginning with tšij-.

Syntax

Loanword Adaptation

Approximately 93% of all word stems in Indeyivroplu are from natural languages, and around 78% total are Indo-European. When loaning any word, research was done into its etymology in an effort to loan only the base morpheme, leading to them not always being immediately recognizable. Here are some examples:

1. ips- is the word stem relating to "high/height", loaned from Greek ψηλός (psilós) "high", but made to reflect the more basic root ύψος (ípsos) "height".
2. soň- is the word stem relating to "sleep", loaned from Spanish sueño "sleep" (n.), but made to reflect the more basic root soñar, even though in Spanish it changes meaning to "dream" (v.).

Indeyivroplu implores a strictly phonetic system for the adaptation of loanwords, rather than the more internationally common phonemic method. This means that the individual phones of the word in the root language are converted to their closest approximation in Indeyivroplu systematically, while its original spelling is disregarded.

1. fxas.ulu [fχas] meaning "France", loaned from French "France" [fʁɑ̃s]
2. dúaj.e [ˈd̪u̞.aj] meaning "through", loaned from German "durch" [dʊɐ̯ç]
3. njeğ.u [ˈnjɛɣ] meaning "bird", loaned from Mandarin "鳥" [ni̯ɜʊ̯²¹⁴]

   Notice here that the 4th phonotactic rule comes into play, making final rounded back vowels convert to <ğ> (front vowels become <j>).

Agglutination

Indeyivroplu has frequent usage of agglutination. In the creation of the language, there was a preference towards forming new words using existing word stems rather than directly loaning the word when possible.

When making compound words there is no infix inserted, so morphemes are simply placed unedited after each other, with only the final one getting inflected.

1. fligmuku ("bat") = flig.a + muk.u ("flying" + "rat")
2. kajskorxonu ("laboratory") = kajs.u + kor.ir + xon.u ("trial" + "to work" + "house")
3. abrelektrgodir ("lightning strike" (v.)) = abr.u + elektr.u + god.ir ("cloud" + "electric" + "to hit")

The only case where a single morpheme in a word is ever changed in form is for the 28 total "ghost-syllable" morphemes, named so because they consist of a syllable onset followed by -ë in all positions except word-finally, where -ë disappears. They are: d, dj, dzm, fr, fs, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, pr, s, sr, st, sj, šp, t, tr, tš, v, vj, xf, zg, ž, žm.

1. stë.ob.ronir "surf" versus on.sti "then" (as opposed to on.stë.i)
2. lë.jek.hu "syllable" versus elin.lu "Greek" (as opposed to elin.lë.u)

Constituent Order

Indeyivroplu uses the order Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), and indirect objects come before direct objects. Adjectives and adverbs directly precede the noun or verb they modify, unless a subject pronoun is attached to the verb (only in 3rd person), in which case it will go between the adverb and verb. Also, prepositions must uninterruptedly connect their subject with the object. Outside of these rules, there is some flexibility allowed in word order, especially where there are consecutive words of the same part of speech.

"I will read all of your red books."

1. zjavazax fsa ta sorxa girkju.
2. zjavazax ta fsa sorxa girkju.
3. zjavazax sorxa ta fsa girkju.
4. zjavazax ta sorxa fsa girkju.

"You drive to the office this evening because of the rain."

1. loğe rígëňu etábënti zromronkur mexre kordafteru.
2. etábënti zromronkur mexre kordafteru loğe rígëňu.
3. ...

Vocabulary

Basics

• hello = salomui [saˈlɔmu̞i]
• good = guta [ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]
• bad = nëguta [nɪ̞ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]
• no = nui [nu̞i]
• welcome = gutetgui [gu̞ˈt̪ʰɛt̪ʰgu̞i]
• correct = pšaja [ˈpʰʃaja]
• happy = felisa [fɛˈlisa]
• thank you = seposui [sɛˈpʰɔsu̞i]
• goodbye = mexrnëfrui [mɛχɾˈnɪ̞fɾu̞i]
• language = leňgu [ˈlɛŋgu̞]
• conlang = penzleňgu [pʰɛnzˈlɛŋgu̞]

Lists

Dolgopolsky list
English	Indeyivroplu
me	mo
two	ziğ
you	to
what	tšijui
tongue	gjuhu
name	nombru
eye	tšešu
heart	hetsu
tooth	dandonu
not	ni
fingernail	nijxu
louse	vošu
teardrop	slëzu
water	obu
dead	nëkjaňa

Colors
English	Indeyivroplu
black	švatsa
white	sefida
gray	hirta
red	sorxa
pink	sefidsorxa
crimson	ala
purple	pórfora
blue	sina
light blue	sjelsina
cyan	grinsina
green	grina
yellow	kitra
orange	oraňža
brown	marona

Numbers
numeral	Indeyivroplu
0	nul
1	jek
2	ziğ
3	trij
4	tšahor
5	pandž
6	šeš
7	sem
8	axt
9	enun
10	deš
11	dešjek
12	dešziğ
20	ziğdeš
100	húndat
200	ziğhúndat
1000	dešhúndat
10000	ëňaohr

Sample Translations

Famous Quotes

• fsa umansëju nasëjr diňiteti vë drejti lijra vë hama. samhulëjr loğu vë isikdju, vë iretšpi ënderxunti brate̋onbi silëjr .

"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

Source: Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Article 1

• lëšpur mo ustë dezumar. omuzkëšpur mo ustë metšumar. prëfigšpur mo ustë omuzar.

"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."

Source: Benjamin Franklin

• frëzamondezumortsëjo losštrefhëjr vërazkir ho.

"Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."

Source: Jorge Santayana

• ahamu hër ni djëbuskistir. djëbuskvolu tenër ha hastloğu.

"The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing."

Source: Albert Einstein

Indeyivroplu Resources

Indeyivroplu words on Linguifex

• Indeyivroplu main database

• Syntax test for Indeyivroplu sentences

• Indeyivroplu Memrise course