IPA for Ufhewat Knrawi: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents Ufhewat Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA. This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island, for other varieties see Knrawi IPA guides. {{IPA keys}} {| style="b...") |
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The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] represents Ufhewat [[Knrawi]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]]. | The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] represents Ufhewat [[Knrawi]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]]. | ||
This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island | This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island. For other varieties see [[:Category:Knrawi IPA keys|Knrawi IPA keys]]. | ||
{{IPA keys}} | {{IPA keys}} | ||
{| style="background: none" | {| style="background: none" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 64: | Line 60: | ||
|{{term|iim|ii'''m'''}} | |{{term|iim|ii'''m'''}} | ||
|because | |because | ||
|'''m'''an | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|mˀ}}</big> | |||
|{{term|mawḿ|ma'''wḿ'''}} | |||
|to mix | |||
|'''m'''an | |'''m'''an | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n}}</big> | |align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n}}</big> | ||
|{{term|jna| | |{{term|nias|'''n'''ias}} | ||
|woman | |||
|'''n'''ot | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|nˀ}}</big> | |||
|{{term|jna|'''jn'''a}} | |||
|star | |star | ||
|'''n'''ot | |'''n'''ot | ||
Line 74: | Line 80: | ||
|{{term|thga|th'''g'''a}} | |{{term|thga|th'''g'''a}} | ||
|wind | |wind | ||
|sa'''ng''' | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋˀ}}</big> | |||
|{{term|wga|'''wg'''a}} | |||
|long | |||
|sa'''ng''' | |sa'''ng''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 89: | Line 100: | ||
|{{term|marg|ma'''r'''g}} | |{{term|marg|ma'''r'''g}} | ||
|south | |south | ||
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]) | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|rˀ}}</big> | |||
|{{term|jrn|'''jr'''n}} | |||
|land | |||
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]) | |'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 114: | Line 130: | ||
|{{term|vuin|'''v'''uin}} | |{{term|vuin|'''v'''uin}} | ||
|corner | |corner | ||
|ha'''v'''e | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|vˀ}}</big> | |||
|{{term|wvg|'''wv'''g}} | |||
|to reach | |||
|ha'''v'''e | |ha'''v'''e | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 124: | Line 145: | ||
|{{term|aythá|a'''y'''thá}} | |{{term|aythá|a'''y'''thá}} | ||
|jasper | |jasper | ||
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]) | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɰˀ}}</big> | |||
|{{term|hyg|'''hy'''g}} | |||
|cold | |||
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]) | |a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 132: | Line 158: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|xʲ}}</big> | |align="center" |<big>{{IPA|xʲ}}</big> | ||
|{{term| | |{{term|asi|a'''s'''i}} | ||
| | |shark | ||
|'''h'''e | |'''h'''e | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 150: | Line 176: | ||
|many | |many | ||
|uh'''-'''oh | |uh'''-'''oh | ||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
![[w:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Example !! Translation !! (near) equivalent | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4"| [[w:Vowel|Vowels]] | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|a}}</big> | |||
|{{term|agu|'''a'''gu}} | |||
|face | |||
|f'''a'''ther | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|aː}}</big> | |||
|{{term|kaau|k'''aa'''u}} | |||
|five | |||
|f'''a'''ther | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɒ}}</big> | |||
|{{term|kjaw|kj'''a'''w}} | |||
|to puncture | |||
|b'''o'''t | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɒː}}</big> | |||
|{{term|waay|w'''aa'''y}} | |||
|moth | |||
|b'''o'''t | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|e̞}}</big> | |||
|{{term|isji|isj'''i'''}} | |||
|big | |||
|b'''e'''d | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|e̞ː}}</big> | |||
|{{term|ciarcá|c'''ia'''rcá}} | |||
|cobalt | |||
|f'''a'''ce | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ə}}</big> | |||
|{{term|sheya|sh'''e'''ya}} | |||
|large island | |||
|'''a'''bout | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|əː}}</big> | |||
|{{term|aà|'''aà'''}} | |||
|to say | |||
|ab'''o'''ve | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|i}}</big> | |||
|{{term|it|'''i'''t}} | |||
|head | |||
|b'''ee'''t | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|iː}}</big> | |||
|{{term|iarti|'''ia'''rti}} | |||
|salt | |||
|b'''ee'''t | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|o̞}}</big> | |||
|{{term|zjeyu|zjey'''u'''}} | |||
|shore | |||
|b'''oa'''t | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|o̞ː}}</big> | |||
|{{term|uái|'''uá'''i}} | |||
|lizard | |||
|b'''oa'''t | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ø̞}}</big> | |||
|{{term|tiqíj|t'''i'''qíj}} | |||
|to dry up | |||
|k'''ö'''nnen ([[w:German language|German]]) | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ø̞ː}}</big> | |||
|{{term|jaqia|jaq'''ia'''}} | |||
|wild cannabis | |||
|Sch'''ö'''n ([[w:German language|German]]) | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|u}}</big> | |||
|{{term|cuy|c'''u'''y}} | |||
|angry | |||
|b'''oo'''t | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|uː}}</big> | |||
|{{term|pùa|p'''ùa'''}} | |||
|liver | |||
|b'''oo'''t | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|y}}</big> | |||
|{{term|wi|w'''i'''}} | |||
|child | |||
|'''ü'''ppig ([[w:German language|German]]) | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|yː}}</big> | |||
|{{term|qhia|qh'''ia'''}} | |||
|day | |||
|'''ü'''ber ([[w:German language|German]]) | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4"| [[w:Tone (linguistics)|Tones]] | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|˥}}</big> | |||
|{{term|ik|ik}} | |||
|to see | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|˩}}</big> | |||
|{{term|ìy|'''ì'''y}} | |||
|to break | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|˥˧}}</big> | |||
|{{term|cûathay|c'''û'''athay}} | |||
|sapphire | |||
|- | |||
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|˧˩}}</big> | |||
|{{term|cûathay|c'''û'''athay}} | |||
|sapphire (plural) | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
==Differences from standard Knrawi== | |||
**/n/ and /ŋ/ do not assimilate. | |||
*/θ,θʰ/ are realized as [s,sʰ]. | |||
**Labialized /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [f,h]. | |||
*/k̟,k̟ʰ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,xʲ,xʲʰ]. | |||
*/k̠,k̠ʰ/ are realized as [k,kʰ]. | |||
*/x̠,ʍ,h/ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ]. | |||
*sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants. | |||
**Non-syllabic and then following sonorants take priority. | |||
***Sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and a syllabic sonorant (and vice versa) with no adjacent sonorant or vowel are realized as [əCˀ]. | |||
*/ɹ/ is realized as [r]. | |||
**Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]). | |||
*/ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ]. | |||
*/ˣ/ is realized as [ʰ]. | |||
**/θˣ,x̟ˣ/ (including labialized /θˣ/) are realized as [x]. | |||
*Fortition does not occur. | |||
*Two-sonorant clusters syllabify the first sonorant. | |||
*Syllabic consonants are desyllabified adjacent to vowels (including nonsyllabic vowels). | |||
**Syllabic [m,β] and other syllabic consonants are realized as [o̞] and [ə] respectively. | |||
*/ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u]. | |||
**Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [e̞,o̞]. | |||
**/ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [e̞j,o̞w]. | |||
*[i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying /ʍ/). | |||
*Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as | |||
**[o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants. | |||
**[ə] if not [o̞]. | |||
*Sequences of unstressed [e̞,ø̞,ə,o̞] and /a/ (stressed or unstressed) are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː] respectively. | |||
*[ʔ̞] is realized as [ː]. | |||
**[e̞ːʔ̞,ø̞ːʔ̞,əːʔ̞,o̞ːʔ̞] are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː]. | |||
*/˧˩/ is distinct from /˥˩/ [˥˧]. | |||
[[Category:Knrawi IPA keys|u]] |
Latest revision as of 06:00, 6 March 2024
The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents Ufhewat Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA.
This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island. For other varieties see Knrawi IPA keys.
|
|
Differences from standard Knrawi
- /n/ and /ŋ/ do not assimilate.
- /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [s,sʰ].
- Labialized /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [f,h].
- /k̟,k̟ʰ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
- /k̠,k̠ʰ/ are realized as [k,kʰ].
- /x̠,ʍ,h/ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
- sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
- Non-syllabic and then following sonorants take priority.
- Sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and a syllabic sonorant (and vice versa) with no adjacent sonorant or vowel are realized as [əCˀ].
- Non-syllabic and then following sonorants take priority.
- /ɹ/ is realized as [r].
- Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
- /ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ].
- /ˣ/ is realized as [ʰ].
- /θˣ,x̟ˣ/ (including labialized /θˣ/) are realized as [x].
- Fortition does not occur.
- Two-sonorant clusters syllabify the first sonorant.
- Syllabic consonants are desyllabified adjacent to vowels (including nonsyllabic vowels).
- Syllabic [m,β] and other syllabic consonants are realized as [o̞] and [ə] respectively.
- /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
- Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
- /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [e̞j,o̞w].
- [i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying /ʍ/).
- Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as
- [o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
- [ə] if not [o̞].
- Sequences of unstressed [e̞,ø̞,ə,o̞] and /a/ (stressed or unstressed) are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː] respectively.
- [ʔ̞] is realized as [ː].
- [e̞ːʔ̞,ø̞ːʔ̞,əːʔ̞,o̞ːʔ̞] are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː].
- /˧˩/ is distinct from /˥˩/ [˥˧].