IPA for Zjiiama Knrawi: Difference between revisions

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! colspan=4| [[w:Consonant|Consonants]]
! colspan=4| [[w:Consonant|Consonants]]
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|β}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|f}}</big>
|{{term|vuin|'''v'''uin}}
|corner
|aga'''v'''e ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ð}}</big>
|{{term|tjer|tje'''r'''}}
|soft
|'''th'''ey
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɸ}}</big>
|{{term|huf|hu'''f'''}}
|{{term|huf|hu'''f'''}}
|small
|small
|あい'''ふ'''く ([[w:Japanese language|Japanese]])
|'''f'''ace
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɸʰ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|fʰ}}</big>
|{{term|ufh|u'''fh'''}}
|{{term|ufh|u'''fh'''}}
|middle
|middle
|あい'''ふ'''く ([[w:Japanese language|Japanese]])
|'''f'''ace
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɸˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|fˣ}}</big>
|{{term|fjmm|'''fj'''mm}}
|{{term|fjmm|'''fj'''mm}}
|to hold
|to hold
|あい'''ふ'''く ([[w:Japanese language|Japanese]])
|'''f'''ace
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɣ}}</big>
|{{term|ay|a'''y'''}}
|red
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɣʷ}}</big>
|{{term|iciui|ici'''u'''i}}
|hermit
|a'''gu'''a ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|h}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|h}}</big>
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|'''y'''et
|'''y'''et
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɉ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʝ}}</big>
|{{term|aythá|a'''y'''thá}}
|{{term|yui|yu'''i'''}}
|jasper
|honey
|se'''gu'''ir ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|ra'''y'''o ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|k̟}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|k}}</big>
|{{term|tjic|tji'''c'''}}
|to cook
|s'''k'''i
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|k̟ʰ}}</big>
|{{term|chuh|'''ch'''uh}}
|raw
|'''k'''ey
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|k̠}}</big>
|{{term|hyk|hy'''k'''}}
|{{term|hyk|hy'''k'''}}
|sugarcane
|sugarcane
|s'''c'''out
|s'''c'''out
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|k̠ʰ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʰ}}</big>
|{{term|nkh|n'''kh'''}}
|{{term|nkh|n'''kh'''}}
|far
|far
|'''c'''ow
|'''c'''ow
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|k̠ˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kˣ}}</big>
|{{term|kja|'''kj'''a}}
|{{term|kja|'''kj'''a}}
|sand
|sand
|'''c'''ow
|'''c'''ow
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʲ}}</big>
|{{term|tjic|tji'''c'''}}
|to cook
|s'''k'''i
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʲʰ}}</big>
|{{term|chin|'''ch'''in}}
|song
|'''k'''ey
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʲˣ}}</big>
|{{term|cji|'''cj'''i}}
|black
|'''k'''ey
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʷ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʷ}}</big>
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|'''p'''in
|'''p'''in
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|pˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|p͡fˣ}}</big>
|{{term|guvpj|guv'''pj'''}}
|{{term|guvpj|guv'''pj'''}}
|posture
|posture
|'''p'''in
|'''Pf'''erd ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɹ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|r}}</big>
|{{term|marg|ma'''r'''g}}
|{{term|marg|ma'''r'''g}}
|south
|south
|'''r'''ight
|'''r'''ight
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʃˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|s}}</big>
|{{term|sjari|'''sj'''ari}}
|{{term|cniztí|cni'''z'''tí}}
|city
|to try
|'''s'''ing
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|sʰ}}</big>
|{{term|zherg|'''zh'''erg}}
|cloud
|'''s'''ing
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|sˣ}}</big>
|{{term|zjnr|'''zj'''nr}}
|to eat
|'''s'''ing
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʃ}}</big>
|{{term|sefḿ|'''s'''efḿ}}
|fear
|'''sh'''in
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʃʰ}}</big>
|{{term|shera|'''sh'''era}}
|thunder
|'''sh'''in
|'''sh'''in
|-
|-
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|'''t'''art
|'''t'''art
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|tˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|t͡sˣ}}</big>
|{{term|tjay|'''tj'''ay}}
|{{term|tjay|'''tj'''ay}}
|sick
|sick
|'''t'''art
|'''t'''art
|house
|'''y'''et
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|t͡ʃˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|t͡ʃ}}</big>
|{{term|cji|'''cj'''i}}
|{{term|cmm|'''c'''mm}}
|black
|sky
|'''ch'''art
|'''ch'''art
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|θ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|t͡ʃʰ}}</big>
|{{term|cniztí|cni'''z'''tí}}
|{{term|chuh|'''ch'''uh}}
|to try
|raw
|'''th'''ing
|'''ch'''art
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|θʰ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|t͡ʃˣ}}</big>
|{{term|zherg|'''zh'''erg}}
|{{term|cjuq|'''cj'''uq}}
|cloud
|net
|'''th'''ing
|'''ch'''art
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|θˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|v}}</big>
|{{term|zjnr|'''zj'''nr}}
|{{term|vuin|'''v'''uin}}
|to eat
|corner
|'''th'''ing
|ha'''v'''e
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|w}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|w}}</big>
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|'''w'''ing
|'''w'''ing
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʍ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|x}}</big>
|{{term|wmaa|'''w'''maa}}
|{{term|jua|'''j'''ua}}
|time
|all
|'''wh'''ite
|lo'''ch'''
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|x̟}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|xʲ}}</big>
|{{term|asi|a'''s'''i}}
|{{term|sjari|'''sj'''ari}}
|shark
|city
|'''h'''e
|'''h'''e
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|x̟ʰ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|xʲʰ}}</big>
|{{term|shera|'''sh'''era}}
|{{term|shiupii|'''sh'''iupii}}
|thunder
|wheat noodles
|'''h'''e
|'''h'''e
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|x̠}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|xʷ}}</big>
|{{term|jua|'''j'''ua}}
|{{term|wmaa|'''w'''maa}}
|all
|time
|lo'''ch'''
|'''wh'''ite
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|z}}</big>
|{{term|tjer|tje'''r'''}}
|soft
|'''z'''oo
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʒ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɰ}}</big>
|{{term|yau|'''y'''au}}
|{{term|aythá|a'''y'''thá}}
|bird
|jasper
|trea'''s'''ure
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʔ̞}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʔ}}</big>
|{{term|ua|u'''a'''}}
|{{term|ua|u'''a'''}}
|fish
|fish
|uh'''-'''oh
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʔ̞}}</big>
|{{term|raáar|raá'''a'''r}}
|to laugh
|uh'''-'''oh
|uh'''-'''oh
|}
|}
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|face
|face
|f'''a'''ther
|f'''a'''ther
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|aː}}</big>
|{{term|agu|'''aà'''}}
|to say
|f'''a'''ther
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɒ}}</big>
|{{term|kjaw|kj'''a'''w}}
|to puncture
|b'''o'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɒː}}</big>
|{{term|uái|u'''á'''i}}
|lizard
|b'''o'''t
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ə}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ə}}</big>
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|'''a'''bout
|'''a'''bout
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɛ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|i}}</big>
|{{term|isji|isj'''i'''}}
|big
|b'''e'''d
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɪ}}</big>
|{{term|it|'''i'''t}}
|{{term|it|'''i'''t}}
|head
|head
|b'''i'''d
|b'''ee'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|iː}}</big>
|{{term|krii|kr'''i'''i}}
|to die
|b'''ee'''t
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɔ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|o̞}}</big>
|{{term|zjeyu|zjey'''u'''}}
|{{term|zjeyu|zjey'''u'''}}
|shore
|shore
|b'''o'''t
|b'''oa'''t
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʊ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|u}}</big>
|{{term|cuy|c'''u'''y}}
|{{term|cuy|c'''u'''y}}
|angry
|angry
|b'''oo'''k
|b'''oo'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|uː}}</big>
|{{term|auu|a'''u'''u}}
|dog
|b'''oo'''t
|}
|}
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
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*Syllabic consonants are realized as [əC].
*Syllabic consonants are realized as [əC].
**Voiced geminants with an identical adjacent consonant are realized as [əCˀ].
**Voiced geminants with an identical adjacent consonant are realized as [əCˀ].
*/ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u]
*/ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
**/ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [iː,uː]
**/ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [iː,uː].
**Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ (but not /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/) are realized as [ə,o̞]
**Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ (but not /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/) are realized as [ə,o̞].
*/a/ is realized as [ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
*/a/ is realized as [ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
*Unstressed /a/ and epenthetic [ə] are realized as
*Unstressed /a/ and epenthetic [ə] are realized as
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**[ə] if not [o̞].
**[ə] if not [o̞].
*Sequences of unstressed [ə] or [o̞] and stressed /a/ are realized as [aː] or [ɒː] respectively.
*Sequences of unstressed [ə] or [o̞] and stressed /a/ are realized as [aː] or [ɒː] respectively.
**[aː] is realized as [ɒː] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
**[aː] is realized as [ɒː] adjacent to labiovelar consonants except [w] or [ɣʷ].


[[Category:Knrawi IPA guides]]
[[Category:Knrawi IPA guides]]

Revision as of 14:15, 21 July 2023

The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents Zjiiama Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA.

This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Zjiiama Island, for other varieties see Knrawi IPA guides.

IPA Keys
Aelatha
Attian
Avendonian
Ayeri
Biscayan
Brittainese
Cet
Cha
Cruckeny
Etlish
Evonish
Favlona
Guimin
Gwaxol
Hantza
Hemaluan
High Valyrian
Iaskyon
Jukpë
Kaikiwan
Keeltyewarem
Kihā́mmic
Knrawi
Kunarek
Luthic
Lôppic
Maryan Coptic
Messinese
Mihousapeja
Millennish
Moshurian
Oltic
Owaex
Pomorian
Qafesona
Rangyayo
Rulhilli
Soc'ul'
Sudyrnish
Umbrean
IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent
Consonants
f huf small face
fʰ ufh middle face
fˣ fjmm to hold face
ɣ ay red agave (Spanish)
ɣʷ iciui hermit agua (Spanish)
h ceh many have
j shaia house yet
ʝ yui honey rayo (Spanish)
k hyk sugarcane scout
kʰ nkh far cow
kˣ kja sand cow
kʲ tjic to cook ski
kʲʰ chin song key
kʲˣ cji black key
kʷ guq small island square
kʷʰ uqh snake queen
kʷˣ yqj to grow queen
m iim because man
n jna star not
n̪ zjna away anthem
n̠ cjni to stand ranch
ŋ thga wind sang
ŋ̟ chgag to hear sing
ŋ̠ jgr heart song
ŋʷ uwga animal penguin
p puskj yam spin
pʰ cuph snake burrow pin
p͡fˣ guvpj posture Pferd (German)
r marg south right
s cniztí to try sing
sʰ zherg cloud sing
sˣ zjnr to eat sing
ʃ sefḿ fear shin
ʃʰ shera thunder shin
t riti eye start
tʰ nth water tart
t͡sˣ tjay sick tart house yet
t͡ʃ cmm sky chart
t͡ʃʰ chuh raw chart
t͡ʃˣ cjuq net chart
v vuin corner have
w rtiu where wing
x jua all loch
xʲ sjari city he
xʲʰ shiupii wheat noodles he
xʷ wmaa time white
z tjer soft zoo
ɰ aythá jasper agave (Spanish)
ʔ ua fish uh-oh
ʔ̞ raáar to laugh uh-oh
IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent
Vowels
a agu face father
aː aà to say father
ɒ kjaw to puncture bot
ɒː uái lizard bot
ə sheya large island about
i it head beet
iː krii to die beet
o̞ zjeyu shore boat
u cuy angry boot
uː auu dog boot
IPA Example Translation
Tones
˥ ik to see
˩ ìy to break
˥˩ shû east

Differences from standard Knrawi

  • /k̟,k̟ʰ,k̟ˣ,x̟,x̟ʰ,x̟ˣ/ are realized as [t͡ʃ,t͡ʃʰ,t͡ʃˣ,ʃ,ʃʰ,xʲ].
    • /k̟,k̟ʰ,k̟ˣ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ adjacent to /ɪ/ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,kʲˣ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
  • /k̠,k̠ʰ,k̠ˣ,x̠/ are realized as [k,kʰ,kˣ,x].
  • /tˣ/ and [pˣ] are realized as [t͡sˣ] and [p͡fˣ].
  • /ʍ/ is realized as [xʷ].
  • /θ,θʰ,θˣ/ are realized as [s,sʰ,sˣ].
    • Labialized /θ,θʰ,θˣ/ are realized as [f,fʰ,fˣ].
  • /ɹ/ is realized as [r].
    • Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
    • Fortified /ɹ/ is realized as [z].
  • /ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ].
    • Fortified /ɉ/ is realized as [ɣ].
    • /ɉ/ and [j,w] adjacent to high vowels are realized as [ɣ] and [ʝ,ɣʷ].
  • Fortition occurs word-finally.
    • [ʔ̞] is realized as [ʔ] word-finally.
  • Voiced geminants are glottalized.
  • Syllabic consonants are realized as [əC].
    • Voiced geminants with an identical adjacent consonant are realized as [əCˀ].
  • /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
    • /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [iː,uː].
    • Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ (but not /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/) are realized as [ə,o̞].
  • /a/ is realized as [ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
  • Unstressed /a/ and epenthetic [ə] are realized as
    • [o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
    • [ə] if not [o̞].
  • Sequences of unstressed [ə] or [o̞] and stressed /a/ are realized as [aː] or [ɒː] respectively.
    • [aː] is realized as [ɒː] adjacent to labiovelar consonants except [w] or [ɣʷ].
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