Bǎnzǎlic
| Bǎnzǎlic | |
|---|---|
| dɔu̯dʒ | |
| Created by | xxxxxxx |
| Native to | Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia |
| Native speakers | 4 000 (2023 census) |
Early forms | |
Bǎnzǎlic is a South Germanic language spoken by several small communities within Maghreb. Approximately 4,000 people speak Bǎnzǎlic as their L1. It is of considerable interest to linguists and ethnographers, because of its complex history and unique place in the world.
Phonology
Bǎnzǎlic consonants primarily center around a voiced-unvoiced contrast. Several sounds do not occur in the lexical forms of words, but are nevertheless common as the result of consonant mutation.
| labial | dental | palatal | dorsal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p/b | t/d | c/ɟ | k/g |
| nasal | p̃/m | t̃/n | c̃/ɲ | k̃/ŋ |
| mellow fricative | ɸ/β | θ/ð | ç | x/ɣ |
| mellow affricate | pɸ/bβ | tθ/dð | cç | kx/gɣ |
| lateral fricative | ɬ/ɮ | q/ɢ | ||
| strident fricative | f/v | s/z | ʃ/ʒ | χ/ʁ |
| strident affricate | pf/bv | ts/dz | tʃ/dʒ | qχ/ɢʁ |
| glides | ɰ/j/w/ɥ | |||
| lateral liquids | l | |||
| trill | ⱱ | r | ʀ |
Bǎnzǎlic vowels are most easily characterized a eight-vowel system: the typical five, two central, and a rhotic vowel. They all occur in long and short.
There are also many diphthongs.
| front-rounded | front-unrounded | center | back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| high | i | y | ə | u |
| mid | e | ø | ɐ | o |
| low | a | |||
| rhotic | ɝ | |||
Noun
Bǎnzǎlic has four primary cases, inherited from Proto-Germanic; nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative. In addition to these primary cases, Bǎnzǎlic has five cases formed by the addition of a suffix to accusative case.
| sg. | pl. | |
|---|---|---|
| nom. | fʍart | fʍartoː |
| gen. | fʍartəɮ | fʍartøː |
| dat. | fʍarta | fʍartɝm |
| acc. | fʍart | fʍartans |
| Locative | fʍartəlo | fʍartansəlo |
| Allative | fʍartəgil | fʍartansəgil |
| Superessive | fʍartədo | fʍartansədo |
| Subessive | fʍartədon | fʍartansədon |
| Comitative | fʍartədal | fʍartansəde |
Pronoun
| sg. | 1.sg. | 2.sg. | 3.sg.m. | 3.sg.f. | 3.sg.n. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nom | ɪk | duː | iːts | ziː | ɛs |
| gen | mainɐ | dainɐ | zi | idzʀi | rsi |
| det | mipɸ | dipɸ | insk | idzo | ie̯m |
| acc | mik | dik | iŋχa | zji | ɛs |
| pl. | 1.pl. | 2.pl. | 3.pl.m. | 3.pl.f. | 3.pl.n. |
| nom | wei̯ⱱ | juⱱ | iːts | rio̯ | rjɝ |
| gen | unza | oɮʊ | idzqɐ | idzqɐ | idzqɐ |
| det | uns | oɮʊ | imβ | imβ | imβ |
| acc | uns | oɮʊ | rθi | rio̯ | rjɝ |
Verb
Bǎnzǎlic has two tense; present and past.
| prs. | pst | |
|---|---|---|
| 1sg. | giːbe | giːbte |
| 2sg. | giːbɮ | giːbteɮ |
| 3sg. | giːbt | giːbta |
| 1pl. | giːbam | giːbtma |
| 2pl. | giːbt | giːbte |
| 3pl. | giːban | giːbtna |
Syntax
Bǎnzǎlic is SVO, AN. ɪk giːbte ɸiʃans mainɐ hundɝm. "I gave fish for my dogs"
Vocabulary
| 1 | I (1sg) | ɪk |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | you (2sg) | duː |
| 7 | this | ɮɝː |
| 11 | who | waːpf |
| 12 | what | wa |
| 22 | one | aɛ̯ns |
| 23 | two | tswaɛ̯ |
| 45 | fish | ɸiʃ |
| 47 | dog | hund |
| 64 | blood | bluo̯t |
| 68 | horn | hɔʁn |
| 73 | ear | ɔːp |
| 74 | eye | aɔ̯guː |
| 77 | tooth | tsɝːn |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | tsʊnə |
| 83 | hand | hand |
| 103 | to know | a̯enən |
| 109 | to die | ʃgaqbʊn |
| 128 | to give | giːbən |
| 147 | sun | zʊnᵐβ |
| 148 | moon | meːnk |
| 150 | water | wasoː |
| 155 | salt | zalts |
| 156 | stone | ʃtaɛ̯n |
| 163 | wind | wind |
| 167 | fire | ɸou̯b |
| 179 | year | jaːɐ |
| 182 | full | ɸol |
| 183 | new | nɔu̯ |
| 207 | name | naːmə |