Sokya

Sokya
so³kya¹
File:Sokya.jpg so³kya¹ in the Fatsay script
Pronunciation	[sɔ˧kɨə˩]
Created by	Dillon Hartwig
Date	2021
Setting	Pollasena
Native to	eastern Knrawi Isles
Ethnicity	Cuoñ'o
Era	~0 MT
Language family	Wasc Sekhulla Sokya

Sokya /ˈsoʊkʊl/ (Soc'ul': [sɔ˧kɨə˩]) is a descendant of Soc'ul' spoken primarily by the Cuoñ'o people, with influence from other languages of the Knrawi Isles and far western Septentria.

Etymology

So³kya¹, the language's autonym, is inherited from Soc'ul' soc'ul', from Sekhulla səkʰulːa, from Wascotl *(cek)-cek-sole-la "our tongue".

Orthography

Sokya is written with the Fatsay script. Its romanization is as follows.

Sokya script and romanization

A a	AI ai	AU au	AY ay	E e	F f	H h	I i	Ia ia	K k
/a/	/ai/	/au/	/aɨ/	/ɛ/	/f/	/h/	/i/	/iə/	/k/
KH kh	L l	LH lh	M m	MH mh	N n	NH nh	Ñ ñ	ÑH ñh	O o
/kʰ/	/l/	/l̥/	/m/	/m̥/	/n/	/n̥/	/ɲ/	/ɲ̊/	/ɔ
P p	PH ph	S s	Š š	Ś ś	T t	TH th	TS ts	TSH tsh	TŠ tš
/p/	/pʰ/	/s/	/ʃ/	/ɕ/	/t/	/tʰ/	/t͡s/	/t͡sʰ/	/t͡ʃ/
TŠH tšh	TŚ tś	TŚH tśh	U u	Ua ua	Y y	YA ya
/t͡ʃʰ/	/t͡ɕ/	/t͡ɕʰ/	/u/	/uə/	/ɨ/	/ɨə/
a⁵	a³	a¹	a⁵³	a³⁵	a³¹	a¹³	a⁵²³	a¹⁴³
/˥/	/˧/	/˩/	/˥˧/	/˧˥/	/˧˩/	/˩˧/	/a˥˨˧/	/a˩˦˧/
á⁵	á³	á¹	á⁴²	á²⁴	à⁵	à³	à¹	à⁴²	à²⁴
/˥̰/	/˧̰/	/˩̰/	/˦̰˨/	/˨̰˦/	/˥̤/	/˧̤/	/˩̤/	/˦̤˨/	/˨̤˦/

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants

	Labial		Alveolar		Post- alveolar		Dorsal		Glottal
Nasal	m	m̥	n	n̥			ɲ	ɲ̊
Stop	p	pʰ	t	tʰ			k	kʰ	(ʔ)
Affricate			t͡s	t͡sʰ	t͡ʃ	t͡ʃʰ	t͡ɕ	t͡ɕʰ
Fricative	f		s		ʃ		ɕ		h
Approximant			l	l̥

• Null onsets are realized with [ʔ]
• Sibilants are subject to harmony, including across morpheme boundaries.

Vowels

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i	ɨ	u
Mid	ɛ		ɔ
Low	a

Diphthongs

iə	ɨə	uə
ai	aɨ	au

Tones

Modal tones

	Rising	Level	Falling
High	˧˥	˥	˥˧
Mid	˩˦˧	˧	˥˨˧
Low	˩˧	˩	˧˩

Creaky tones

	Rising	Level	Falling
High		˥̰
Mid	˨̰˦	˧̰	˦̰˨
Low		˩̰

Breathy tones

	Rising	Level	Falling
High		˥̤
Mid	˨̤˦	˧̤	˦̤˨
Low		˩̤

Prosody

Stress

Stress is initial.

Intonation

Declarative sentences generally have a falling pitch throughout, but volume and pitch range can be used for emphasis.

In questions the particle xen and/or the proform xad may also be emphasized with a sharp falling pitch followed by higher pitch in the following word.

Rhythm

Syllables are generally stress-timed; in formal music and poetry, older Soc'ul' mora counts may be applied.

Phonotactics

Syllables are at most (C)VT, with [ʔ] being a null onset.

Morphology

Alignment

Sokya has lexicalized active–stative morphosyntactic alignment.

Nouns

Nouns fall into five classes. Most singular nouns have a final ⁵ tone, and are marked plural by final ¹ tone.

Pronouns and possession

Noun particles

		temp	perm
1	pe³	pe³	e³
2	lhe³	nè⁵	è⁵
cl1/cl2	a³	nu³	e⁵³
cl3	nay³	ny³	nay³
cl4	ài⁵	nù⁵	ài⁵
cl5	á¹	ní¹	á¹

• Possessive particles precede the noun phrase they modify.

The demonstrative ha³ can also be used as a pronoun.

Verbs

Alignment

All verbs trigger either nominative-accusative or ergative-absolutive alignment.

Aspect, mood, and negation

Verbs are marked for aspect and mood by particles preceding the verb.

Serial verbs

Aspect-mood marking and preceding particles are applied to the first verb in serial constructions. Following particles are applied after the last verb.

Adjectives and adverbs

Comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs are formed by reduplication.

Numerals

Sokya uses base-12 numerals.

Numerals 1 2 3 4 5 6 fó⁵ è⁵ ta⁵ au³ pi⁵ pu⁵³ 7 8 9 10 11 12 sau³ è²⁴ é³ ó¹ o³ ši⁵ 13 24 144 1,728 20,736 248,832 ši⁵ fó⁵ è⁵ ši⁵ tsi⁵ ša³ ši⁵ ša³ tsi⁵ ša³ Nouns are not marked for number when using numerals. Mensural classifier constructions are most often classifier-classified-numeral. Negation All negated is marked by a prefix šV³-, where V is the following vowel. Derivational morphology Part-of-speech modifiers Reduplication Most words can be fully reduplicated after the word for augmented or intensified meaning. In verbs this can also mark an iterative or contrastive meaning, and in adjectives and adverbs it can also mark a comparative or superlative meaning. The reduplicated word directly follows. Triplication is also used for further augmentation/intensification. Syntax Constituent order Transitive clauses are strictly AVO, and the argument of intransitive verbs fills the A or O slot depending on alignment. Noun and verb phrases All modifiers follow their head noun or verb, except aspect-mood particles precede verbs and the demonstrative ha³ precedes nouns. Generally numerators follow adjectives and possessors follow all other modifiers, but otherwise modifier order is flexible. Dependent clauses Example texts Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1 Linguifex-hosted translations Translated works in Sokya Sokya/Test Case Sentences Sokya/Corpus Conlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translations CALS translations Other resources CALS Sokya/Swadesh