User:Ceige/*kel

Grammar

Nouns

Case

• Nominative: Ø
• Accusative: -m
• Genitive: -n
• Partitive: -d (sources of things: movement, actions, ownership)
• Dative: -i (destination of things: movement, actions, ownership)
• Ablative: -či
• Comitative/Instrumental?: -l(ə/a)
• -ka? -kə?

Helper Particles

• Additive particle: -to

Suffixes

• Nominalisation suffix: -ma
• Nominalisation suffix 2: -kV (-kə? -ka?)
• Agent suffix: -čin
• Tool suffix: -lə/-(ə?)r (-rin? -lin?)

Verbs

• Nominalisation suffix: -ma
• Copula: bi
• Continuative: -(ə)mbi
• Past suffix: -ta

Phrases

• Interrogative particle: -ko

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Person	Singular	Plural
First person	min	mV (me?)
Second person	sin	tV (te?)
Third person	nin	nV (ne?)

Demonstratives

Person	Singular	Plural
Proximal	?	?
Distal	?	?
Over the hill and across the creek	nin	ne

Wordlist

Human stuff

Glosses	Word	Proto-Form	Source languages	Notes
language, tongue	xel	*kele	Proto-Uralic *käle, Mongolian xel < kele < *kelen	cf. Proto-Turkic *Tɨl

Animals

Glosses	Word	Proto-Form	Source languages	Notes
camel	tem, tev	*teme	Mongolian temee < *temixen < Turkic *deb-	also tev, teve, teme?
horse	mor	*mori	Mongolian mor' < *morin, PIE *márḱos, CN mǎ, JP uma, Ko. mal	also mar, maa?

Nature

Glosses	Word	Proto-Form	Source languages	Notes
cold	kar / kal	*kara, kal	Turkic *kar, Mongolian *karig "cold, PIE *gel-
earth, ground	yar (yer)	*yar (*yere)	Turkish yer, TochB yare (gravel), PIE *h₁er-	alt. mud, cf. P.Uralic muďa, Medieval Germanic modde/mudde/mud