Verbs in Vrkhazhian
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Verb Agreement Suffixes
| Affirmative | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular | -ni | -nisi |
| 2nd Singular | -mi | -misi |
| 3rd Singular | -ti | -tisi |
| 1st Plural | -nin | -nisin |
| 2nd Plural | -min | -misin |
| 3rd Plural | -tin | -tisin |
Theme Vowels and Ablaut Classes
| Realis | Irrealis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transitive | a | a | ||
| a | u | |||
| a | i | |||
| e | e | |||
| e | u | |||
| e | i | |||
| Intransitive | Dynamic | u | a | |
| u | e | |||
| u | u | |||
| Stative | i | a | ||
| i | e | |||
| i | i | |||
Strong Verbs
| Conjugation (strong, a-i) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | parḫas | |||||
| Participle | parriḫ- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | paraḫni | napriḫni | tapriḫni | ḫapriḫni | parḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | paraḫmi | napriḫmi | tapriḫmi | ḫapriḫmi | parḫammi | parḫū |
| 3.sg | paraḫti | napriḫti | tapriḫti | ḫapriḫti | parḫannin | parḫā |
| 1.pl | paraḫnin | napriḫnin | tapriḫnin | ḫapriḫnin | parḫannin | — |
| 2.pl | paraḫmin | napriḫmin | tapriḫmin | ḫapriḫmin | parḫammin | parḫūna |
| 3.pl | paraḫtin | napriḫtin | tapriḫtin | ḫapriḫtin | parḫattin | parḫāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | paraḫnisi | napriḫnisi | tapriḫnisi | ḫapriḫnisi | parḫannisi | |
| 2.sg | paraḫmisi | napriḫmisi | tapriḫmisi | ḫapriḫmisi | parḫammisi | |
| 3.sg | paraḫtisi | napriḫtisi | tapriḫtisi | ḫapriḫtisi | parḫattisi | |
| 1.pl | paraḫnisin | napriḫnisin | tapriḫnisin | ḫapriḫnisin | parḫannisin | |
| 2.pl | paraḫmisin | napriḫmisin | tapriḫmisin | ḫapriḫmisin | parḫammisin | |
| 3.pl | paraḫtisin | napriḫtisin | tapriḫtisin | ḫapriḫtisin | parḫattisin | |
Weak Verbs
Initial-Weak Verbs
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-a) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | yandas | |||||
| Participle | yannid- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | yanadni | nīnadni | tīnadni | ḫīnadni | yandanni | — |
| 2.sg | yanadmi | nīnadmi | tīnadmi | ḫīnadmi | yandammi | yandū |
| 3.sg | yanatti | nīnatti | tīnatti | ḫīnatti | yandatti | yandā |
| 1.pl | yanadnin | nīnadnin | tīnadnin | ḫīnadnin | yandannin | — |
| 2.pl | yanadmin | nīnadmin | tīnadmin | ḫīnadmin | yandammin | yandūna |
| 3.pl | yanattin | nīnattin | tīnattin | ḫīnattin | yandattin | yandāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | yanadnisi | nīnadnisi | tīnadnisi | ḫīnadnisi | yandannisi | |
| 2.sg | yanadmisi | nīnadmisi | tīnadmisi | ḫīnadmisi | yandammisi | |
| 3.sg | yanattisi | nīnattisi | tīnattisi | ḫīnattisi | yandattisi | |
| 1.pl | yanadnisin | nīnadnisin | tīnadnisin | ḫīnadnisin | yandannisin | |
| 2.pl | yanadmisin | nīnadmisin | tīnadmisin | ḫīnadmisin | yandammisin | |
| 3.pl | yanattisin | nīnattisin | tīnattisin | ḫīnattisin | yandattisin | |
Middle-Weak Verbs
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-a) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ṣābas | |||||
| Participle | ṣibb- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | ṣābni | naṣābni | taṣābni | ḫaṣābni | ṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | ṣābmi | naṣābmi | taṣābmi | ḫaṣābmi | ṣābammi | ṣābū |
| 3.sg | ṣābti | naṣābti | taṣābti | ḫaṣābti | ṣābatti | ṣābā |
| 1.pl | ṣābnin | naṣābnin | taṣābnin | ḫaṣābnin | ṣābannin | — |
| 2.pl | ṣābmin | naṣābmin | taṣābmin | ḫaṣābmin | ṣābammin | ṣābūna |
| 3.pl | ṣābtin | naṣābtin | taṣābtin | ḫaṣābtin | ṣābattin | ṣābāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | ṣābnisi | naṣābnisi | taṣābnisi | ḫaṣābnisi | ṣābannisi | |
| 2.sg | ṣābmisi | naṣābmisi | taṣābmisi | ḫaṣābmisi | ṣābammisi | |
| 3.sg | ṣābtisi | naṣābtisi | taṣābtisi | ḫaṣābtisi | ṣābattisi | |
| 1.pl | ṣābnisin | naṣābnisin | taṣābnisin | ḫaṣābnisin | ṣābannisin | |
| 2.pl | ṣābmisin | naṣābmisin | taṣābmisin | ḫaṣābmisin | ṣābammanis | |
| 3.pl | ṣābtisin | naṣābtisin | taṣābtisin | ḫaṣābtisin | ṣābattisin | |
Final-Weak Verbs
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-i) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | rāsas | |||||
| Participle | rassi- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | rasīni | narsīni | tarsīni | ḫarsīni | rāsanni | — |
| 2.sg | rasīmi | narsīmi | tarsīmi | ḫarsīmi | rāsammi | rāsū |
| 3.sg | rasīti | narsīti | tarsīti | ḫarsīti | rāsatti | rāsā |
| 1.pl | rasīnin | narsīnin | tarsīnin | ḫarsīnin | rāsannin | — |
| 2.pl | rasīmin | narsīmin | tarsīmin | ḫarsīmin | rāsammin | rāsūna |
| 3.pl | rasītin | narsītin | tarsītin | ḫarsītin | rāsattin | rāsāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | rasīnisi | narsīnisi | tarsīnisi | ḫarsīnisi | rāsannisi | |
| 2.sg | rasīmisi | narsīmisi | tarsīmisi | ḫarsīmisi | rāsammisi | |
| 3.sg | rasītisi | narsītisi | tarsītisi | ḫarsītisi | rāsattisi | |
| 1.pl | rasīnisin | narsīnisin | tarsīnisin | ḫarsīnisin | rāsannisin | |
| 2.pl | rasīmisin | narsīmisin | tarsīmisin | ḫarsīmisin | rāsammisin | |
| 3.pl | rasītisin | narsītisin | tarsītisin | ḫarsītisin | rāsattisin | |