View source for User:Ceige/Sako-Katsi-Kezha

= Sako =
Random sound changes
== Sound Changes ==
* krdeh -> caQTeh -> saqqoh > sako
* skwalos -> cw'alo -> p'al- -> bal-
* suhnus -> fun-, fum-
* wlkwos -> ulpi?

= Katsi =
Mix of Greek and Mandarin sound changes
== Sound Changes ==
* krdeh -> kartaa -> katsae -> katsi
* skwalos -> mbalo-, sfal-
* suhnus -> giouny
* wlkwos -> giourpo?

= Kezha =
Mix of Mandarin and Persian sound changes
== Sound Changes ==
* krdeh -> kerTa -> kezha /kuh-drzha/ (zha)
* skwalos -> guole, guale, guolet (guan, kuan, kkuan)
* suhnus -> sun, shuan, shou-nu (shou)
* wlkwos -> wa(n)kuo (guo, kuo)
* dngwheh -> ten-kua (gua)
* gwous -> kuo, kou (kuo)
* tawros -> toule (toule?)
* (s)pley -> pp(i)ei
* lendh, londh -> len
* ghebh -> kou, kebe (kou, bo)
* newdh/t -> nou?

alt.:
* platea -> pia-zi
* confirmation -> ken-fanma-zhen

== Phonology (see SEA Inspired #1) ==
=== Consonants ===
==== Initials ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Manner !! Labial !! Dental !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
! Plosive
| p || t || k || ʔ
|-
! Pre-nasalised Plosives
| ⁿp || ⁿt || ⁿk || 
|-
! Geminated Plosives
| pp || tt || kk ||
|-
! Nasals
| m || n || ŋ || 
|-
! Voiceless Nasals
| hm || hn || hŋ || 
|-
! Fricatives
| f || s || x || h
|}

====Glides====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Labial Semivowel !! Dental Lateral !! Retroflex Rhotic !! Palatal Semivowel !! Guttural Rhotic
|-
| w || l || r || y || ʀ
|}

==== Prominent Initial-Glide combinations and common outcomes ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! ʔ- !! p- !! t- !! k- !! pp- !! tt- !! kk- !! m- !! n- !! ŋ- !! mp- !! nt- !! ŋk- !! f- !! s- !! x- !! h-
! style="background: #fff;" | Notes
|-
! +w
| w     || p || tw || kw || pp || ttw || kkw || '''m, w''' || nw, m || ŋw, m || b || dw || gw || f || s || '''xw, f''' || '''hw, f'''
| style="background: #fff;" | Only the Velar series and guttural fricatives are (minimally) affected
|-
! +l
| l     || py || '''ty''' || ky || ppy || '''tty''' || kky || my, ny || '''ny, l''' || ŋy, ny || by || '''dy''' || gy || hl || '''sy, hl''' || hl || hl
| style="background: #fff;" | The Dental series is the only one considerably affected
|-
! +r
| r     || p || '''tʂ''' || k || pp || ttʂ || kk || m, ɳ || '''ɳ, r''' || ŋ, ɳ || b || '''dʐ''' || g || hr || '''ʂ, hr''' || hr || hr
| style="background: #fff;" | The Dental series is the only one considerably affected
|-
! +y
| y     || py || '''tɕ '''|| ky || ppy || ttɕ || kky || m, ɲ || '''ɲ, n''' || '''ɲ, ŋ''' || by || '''dʑ''' || gy ||  hy || '''ɕ, hy''' || '''ç, hy''' || hy
| style="background: #fff;" | The Dental and Velar series are equally affected
|-
! +ʀ
| ʀ     || p || t || '''k, q''' || pp || tt || '''kk, qq''' || m, ŋ || n, ŋ || '''ŋ, ʀ''' || b || d || '''g, ɢ''' || hʀ, f || hʀ, s || hʀ, x || hʀ
| style="background: #fff;" | Only the Velar series is affected; overall this is the least impactful glide.
|}

====Finals====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Manner !! Labial !! Dental !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
! Plosive
| p || t || ʈ || c || k || ʔ
|-
! Nasals
| m || n || ɳ || ɲ || ŋ ||
|-
! ''Voiceless Nasals (1)''
| m̊ || n̊ || ɳ̊ || ɲ̊ || ŋ̊ ||
|-
! Sonorants
| w || l || r || y || ʀ ||
|-
! ''Voiceless Sonorants (2)''
| ẘ || l̥ || r̊ || ẙ || ʀ̊ ||
|-
! ''Fricatives (2)''
| colspan=6 | h
|}
'''Notes'''
* (1): These are commonly reconstructed as simple plosives, as there is scant evidence for a full final voiceless nasal series
* (2): These are controversial -- there is no direct evidence for them, and the only theories reconstructing them involve regressive voiceless harmony and proposed external relationships with other languages.

=== Common vowel outcomes ===
Note that /æ/ is sometimes written /ɛ/, /ʌ/ as /ɑ/, and /ǝa, aǝ/ as either /aa/ or /ɯa, aɯ/
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Height
! y- !! +y
! l- !! +l
! Ø- !! +Ø
! r- !! +r
! ʀ- !! +ʀ
! w- !! +w

|-
! Closed /ɨ/
| i || i
| ɨ || ɨ
| ɨ || ɨ
| ɨ || ɨ
| ɯ || ɯ
| u || u
|-
! Mid /ǝ/
| ie || ei
| æ || æ
| ǝ || ǝ
| ǝa || aǝ
| ʌ || ʌ
| uo || ou
|-
! Open /a/
| iæ || æi
| æ || æ
| a || a
| ǝa || aǝ
| ʌ || ʌ
| uɔ || ɔu
|}