View source for Template:Infobox language/doc

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{{intricate template}}

This template is for use in articles about '''[[w:languages|languages]] or [[w:dialects|dialects]]'''. It provides a common standard for displaying data about a language.

=== Usage ===
<pre>
{{Infobox language
|name          = name of language #REQUIRED
|altname       = additional name of the language
|nativename    = native or a second additional name
|pronunciation = IPA pronunciation of the native name
|states (state) = countries in which it is mainly spoken
|region        = geographic region in which it is mainly spoken
|latd  =  | latm  = | latNS  =  <!-- latitude degrees/minutes/direction -->
|longd =  | longm = | longEW =  <!-- longitude degrees/minutes/direction -->
|ethnicity     = people for whom this is the ethnically native language; also good for the ethnic population if different from the number of speakers
              (although the names chosen for the articles on the people and on the language will generally be the same, it may be appropriate to pipe in the native name of the people here)
|speakers      = {{formatnum:number of native speakers/signers}}
|extinct       = date of extinction, or information about extinction; 'speakers' will not display
|era           = era of use of a historical language, such as one that developed into something else; 'speakers' will not display
|date          = date of estimate of number of speakers/signers (must start with a 4-digit year)
|ref           = reference for the number of speakers/signers. Appears after the (date) field.
|speakers2     = 2nd line (2nd estimate, 2nd country, L2 speakers, etc.)
|familycolor   = appropriate language family #REQUIRED
                 See table below for list of options. Please do not use other names, as they will not be recognised, and the table will be colored grey.
                 In most cases, 'familycolor' will trigger a default entry for the 'fam1' field, so that field is not necessary (you can continue will 'fam2'),
                 but you can override this by entering something under 'fam1'. For areal colors (American, Khoisan, Paleosiberian, etc.), you will be prompted
                 for a 'fam1' entry if you do not provide one. If 'isolate' or 'unclassified' is used, the fam1–xx tree will not display.
|fam1          = the broadest possible widely accepted [[language family]] of which the language is a part
|fam2          = a more specific sub-family
|...
|fam15         = most specific sub group
|family        = whatever you want to say; fam1–xx will not display
|ancestor(2/3) = ancestral or reconstructed forms
|creator       = name of language creator
|created       = year of first creation
|setting       = the use or setting for a created language
|posteriori    = natural-language sources of a created language
|dia1          = a primary dialect
|dia2          = another primary dialect
|...             (up to 20)
|dialects      = whatever you want to say
|stand1        = a standardized register
|stand2        = a second standardized register
|...             (up to 6)
|standards     = whatever you want to say
|script        = the writing system(s) used for the language by literate speakers
|nation        = list of countries in which it is an official language
|minority      = list of countries in which it is a recognised minority language
|agency        = regulatory body or language academy for the language
|iso1          = the ISO 639-1 code for the language
|iso2          = the ISO 639-2 code for the language (not for its family)
|iso2b         = the ISO 639-2 bibliographic code
|iso2t         =  the ISO 639-2 terminological code
|iso3          = the ISO 639-3 code for the language. 
                 Field will display even if left empty, unless 'lc1' etc. is used.
                 Use 'none' if the language (not dialect) has no iso3 code, and the article will be added to [[:Category:Languages without iso3 codes]].
                 Use 'linglist' if it has an iso3 code, but this is maintained at Linguist List instead of at SIL. Add the code itself under |linglist=
                 (This is not necessary if the SIL page provides its own link to the Linguist List page.)
|iso3comment   = for comments to not interfere with the link 
|lc1           = ISO code of the first dialect (the 'iso3' field will not display if empty and this is included)
|ld1           = name of the first language dialect
|lc2           = ISO code of the second dialect
|ld2           = name of the second language dialect
|...             (up to 45)
|iso6          = the ISO 639-6 code for the language.
|linglist      = a private or local Linguist List ISO 639-3 code or substitute for an ISO code; use xxx-xxx format for dialects.
                 Use for code range qaa–qtz or those involving numerals only; enter other codes under 'iso3' and the reader will be redirected from Ethnologue.
|lingname      = comment on the Linguist List code or support
|linglist2/3   = additional Linguist List codes
|lingname2/3   = additional comments. (If Linguist List has redundant codes, write to them, and they will likely retire them.)
|lingua        = the Linguasphere code for the language
|guthrie       = the Guthrie code for Bantu languages
|aiatsis       = the AIATSIS code for Australian languages (linked)
|aiatsis2/3    = additional AIATSIS codes
|aiatsis(2,3)name = name of code, if not that of the info box, or note to appear after code
|image         = image at top of info box. Use format "image name.png", without "file/image" or brackets.
|imagesize     = override default image size (currently 250px). Use units ("123px", "12em")
|imagealt      = alt text for the image
|imagecaption  = caption to appear under image
|imageheader   = brief header for image (appears in the left-hand column)
|map           = image at bottom of info box. Use format "image name.png", without "file/image" or brackets.
|mapsize       = override default map size (currently 350px). Use units ("123px", "12em"). Affects both maps.
|mapalt        = alt text for the map
|mapcaption    = caption to appear under map
|map2          = a second map
|mapalt2       = alt text for the second map
|mapcaption2   = caption to appear under both maps
|boxsize       = overrides default width of infobox, currently set at 22em. Format must include units ("12em" or "123px").
                 Useful when an article has various infoboxes aligned in a column. (Box will automatically expand to fix map wider than default box width.)
|notice        = IPA/ipa [adds notice for IPA notation]
|notice        = Indic/indic [adds notice for Indic scripts]
|notice        = signnotice [adds links for sign languages]
|notice2       = [adds a 2nd notice]
}}
</pre>

=== Placement ===
{{Infobox language/quilt|right}}{{clear}}

The template should placed at the very top of the wikitext of the article, before any text. The absolute basic syntax is as shown below:
:'''<nowiki>{{Infobox language</nowiki>''' ← this calls the template
:'''|name='''name of language ← the name of the language needs to be given
:'''|familycolor='''appropriate language family ← refer to the coloured chart to the right (or above, depending on your browser), and type the name shown there; this will add the appropriate family color to the template top. Using "Altaic" or "Caucasian" etc. does *not* result in a claim that the language belongs to that family: think of them as areal codings.
:'''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''' ← this ends the template call

However, you will probably want to add more than just this. Other parameters are listed below, they can be incorporated anywhere between the first and last lines, and in any order.

=== Additional parameters ===

There are several more parameters that can be defined between the opening and closing lines. These are:
:'''|altname='''additional name of the language [not every one, but one a reader would be likely to look for]
:'''|nativename='''native name, or a second alternative name [most cases as of 2012 not actually the native name]
:'''|states='''countries in which it is mainly spoken (multigenerational communities) ← you do not have to define both this and '''region'''. Do not use flag icons except for national or official status ([[WP:INFOBOXFLAG]]).
:'''|region='''geographic region in which it is mainly spoken ← you do not have to define both this and '''states'''; use this parameter for a single statement about geographic distribution. It is not for the broader region where the states are located, but rather the regions within the country, or across countries, where it is spoken. (That is, do not add SE Asia if we state it's in Laos, or West Africa if we state it's in Mali.)
:'''|speakers='''the number of native speakers of the language. If unknown, enter ⟨?⟩ and do not enter NA for the date. If no native speakers, enter ⟨none⟩. Otherwise, if no date is supplied, ''missing date'' will be displayed.
:'''|date='''the date of publication of the estimate of the number of speakers.
::Used for calculations for obsolete data, so needs to start with a 4-digit year. Exception: If ⟨NA⟩ is entered, nothing will display. If ⟨no date⟩ is entered, "no date" will display.
::Articles with old dates (currently ≥ 30 years) appear in [[:Category:Language articles with old speaker data]].
:'''|ref='''reference for the speaker data.
::If ⟨e16⟩ is entered, this will automatically generate a reference to the ''Ethnologue'' 16 article that bears the ISO 639-3 code entered at 'iso3'.
::To link to the auto-generated reference from elsewhere in the article, use <code><nowiki><ref name=e16/></nowiki></code>.
::⟨e15⟩ and <code><nowiki><ref name=e15/></nowiki></code> can be used to ref the 15th edition, for example for extinct languages which are no longer supported.
:'''|speakers2='''a 2nd line for speaker data, such as L2 speakers, appearing after the date.
::If this is a second line of L1 speakers, it should be arranged so that, if there are two dates cited, the oldest appears in the date parameter, for automated update calculations. Data from different countries should not be added together if they are not comparable: say if one is from 1973 and another from 2006, or if one is rounded to the nearest million and another is on the order of 10,000.
:'''|iso1='''the [[ISO 639-1]] code for the language
:'''|iso2='''the [[ISO 639-2]] code for the language; creates a link to the ISO page ← see just hereafter for the situation where a language has two ISO 639-2 codes
:'''|iso3='''the [[ISO 639-3]] code for the language; creates a link to the ISO page ← see [[#Language with more than one ISO 639-3 code|below]] for the situation where multiple ISO 639-3 codes apply; if there is no ISO 639-3 code, set '''iso3=none''' to return the text ''none'' and add the article to a list of uncoded languages (if '''iso3comment''' is also used, that will display in place of ''none'')
::Only iso3 will appear (with a dash) if the code is omitted. If a language has two [[ISO 639-2]] codes, one will be defined as the ''bibliographic'' code, and the other ''terminological''. These can be added in separate fields using the following parameters:
:'''|iso2b='''the [[ISO 639-2]] bibliographic code
:'''|iso2t='''the [[ISO 639-2]] terminological code
:'''|lingua='''the [[Linguasphere]] code for the language
:'''|linglist(2,3)='''the [[Linguist List]] code(s) for the language. May be a proper ISO code maintained at Linguist List, or a local non-ISO code; creates a link to the Linguist List page.
:'''|lingname(2,3)='''the Linguist List name for the language, or other comment
:'''|guthrie='''the [[Guthrie classification of Bantu languages|Guthrie]] code for Bantu languages. Generates a reference which can be accessed via name="Guthrie".
:'''|aiatsis(2,3)='''the [[AIATSIS]] code(s) for Australian languages. Generates a reference which can be accessed via name="AIATSIS".
:'''|aiatsis(2,3)name='''the AIATSIS name, if different from the entry at |name=.

=== Genetic classification ===

You can use the language template to show the [[language family|genetic classification]] of a language at a glance. This classification is displayed as a descending staircase of language families, from the broadest to the most specific. To add the genetic classification use the following:
:'''|fam1='''the broadest possible widely accepted [[language family]] of which the language is a part ← if this would be exactly the same as you have defined for '''familycolor''', it may be omitted
:'''|fam2='''a more specific sub-family
:'''|fam3='''a more specific group

You can keep adding parameters in like fashion until you have completed the classification. If you would prefer to enter some other information in this box (for example, ''disputed''), use this parameter instead:
:'''|family='''whatever you want to say (sequesters the repetition of the name of the language)

:'''|ancestor='''an ancestral form, such as Old English or Proto-Basque
:'''|ancestor2/3='''intermediate ancestral forms, such as Middle English or Aquitanian
These may be useful when we have an article on these forms, or when they have been assigned ISO codes.

=== Optional parameters ===

Some parts of the template remain invisible unless they are specifically called. Only use these parameters if they are required.
:'''|fontcolor='''colour of font against 'familycolor' ← the font colour is usually black, use this to change it if it is difficult to read
:'''|pronunciation='''pronunciation of the native name of the language in [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] → remember to enclose the transcription in an IPA template such as {{tl|IPA-all}}
:'''|nation='''list of countries in which it is an official language
:'''|minority='''list of countries in which it is a recognised minority language
:'''|agency='''regulatory body or language academy for the language
:'''|extinct='''date of extinction, or information about extinction ← this replaces '''speakers'''
:'''|era='''era of use of an ancestral form of a language ← this replaces '''speakers'''
:'''|script='''writing system(s) used to represent the language ← in the form ''script (instantiation)'', such as "[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[English alphabet]])"<br/>(Common variants of "Latin (alphabet)" redirect to [[Latin script]]. For the [[Latin alphabet]] itself, add an element such as <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>.)

=== Language with more than one ISO 639-3 code ===

Some languages have a number of [[ISO 639-3]] codes, one for each dialect of that language. If you try putting all of these codes in the usual '''iso3=''' parameter, it will get quite messy. Instead, use the following parameters:
:'''|lc1='''language code of the first dialect
:'''|ld1='''name of the first language dialect

For subsequent dialects, use '''lc2''' and so forth. Lc entries will be automatically linked to the ''Ethnologue'' site. Wikipedia articles on the dialects may be linked from the ld entries..

For languages with an [[ISO 639-3 macrolanguage]] code and several individual codes, use '''iso3''' for the macrolanguage and '''lc''n''''', '''ld''n''''' for the individual codes.

=== Constructed languages ===

This template is appropriate to use for [[constructed languages]]. The following parameters can be used:
:'''|creator='''name of language creator
:'''|created='''year of first creation
:'''|setting='''the use or setting for the language
:'''|posteriori='''natural-language sources

Using these parameters, or setting '''familycolor=Conlang''', automatically sets the coloured bars of the infobox to {{code|{{Infobox language/family-color|Conlang}}}} background with white fonts, and removes the '''states''' and '''region''' parameters from use ('''nation''' is also disabled). If the '''iso2''' parameter is left undefined, it is treated as being '''iso2=art'''. For conlangs, the '''family''' or '''fam''n''''' parameters are used to describe the hierarchy of purpose of the language, whereas '''posteriori''' is used to describe the ''a posteriori'' sources on which the conlang draws.

=== Images in the template ===

You cannot put large images into the language template: they just make it very messy. You can place a small image at the top of the template using the following parameters:
:'''|image='''image name.png
:'''|imagesize='''200px ← overrides the default image size
:'''|imagealt='''alt text
:'''|imagecaption='''caption
:'''|imageheader='''very simple description of image ('logo', 'map', 'script', etc.) ← this is placed in the left-hand column, and so needs to be short

If you have a slightly larger image or two, such as a map, you can place at the bottom of the template, spanning both columns, with the following parameter:
:'''|map(2)='''image name.png
:'''|mapsize='''300px ← overrides the default image size
:'''|mapalt(2)='''alt text
:'''|mapcaption(2)='''caption

The [[WP:EIS|usual image markup]] applies for both images. [[Alt text]] is for visually impaired readers, and the [[WP:CAPTION|caption]] is for all readers; typically they should have little in common (see [[WP:ALT]]).

=== Footer notice ===
A notice or notices may be placed at the bottom of the infobox:
:'''|notice(2)=ipa''' ← places a notice about the [[Unicode]] fonts used for displaying [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
:'''|notice(2)=signnotice''' ← adds various links for [[sign language]]s
:'''|notice(2)=Indic''' ← places a notice about Indic-font support

=== Sub-templates ===
# [[:Template:Infobox language/codelist]]
# [[:Template:Infobox language/family-color]]
# [[:Template:Infobox language/genetic]]
# [[:Template:Infobox language/linguistlist]]
# [[:Template:Infobox language/ref]]
# [[:Template:Infobox language/quilt]]
# [[:Template:Infobox language/IPA notice]]
# [[:Template:Infobox language/Indic]]
# [[:Template:Infobox language/signnotice]]

=== Error-tracking categories ===
With 5,000 articles, manual review is insufficient. The following automating tracking categories should catch some of the more common errors. They also produce lists of articles that should be reviewed occasionally, because they lack population data or the data is dated.

;ISO support
* [[:Category:Languages without ISO 639-3 code]] – [iso3=] is set to 'none', as it is not (yet) included in ISO. May have other codes.
** [[:Category:Languages without ISO 639-3 code]] (subcat: most conlangs do not qualify for ISO)
** [[:Category:Nonexistent E16 links]] (setting [iso3=none] and [ref=e16] generates an invalid reference)
* [[:Category:Languages without language codes]] – no language code, but not specifically excluded from ISO with [iso3=none] (appropriate for dialects of ISO languages, for proto-languages, etc.)
** [[:Category:Languages without ISO 639-3 code but with Linguist List code]] (subcat: LingList codes some dialects with sub-ISO codes as "xxx-yyy")
** [[:Category:Languages without ISO 639-3 code but with Linguasphere code]]
** [[:Category:Languages without ISO 639-3 code but with AIATSIS code]]
** [[:Category:Languages without ISO 639-3 code but with Guthrie code]]
* [[:Category:Languages which need ISO 639-3 comment]] – triggered by [lc1=] without [lc2=] (once used as a way to provide comments)

;Speaker and date issues
* [[:Category:Language articles without speaker estimate]] – no entry under [speakers=], and not extinct, a sign language, or a conlang
* [[:Category:Language articles with invalid population dates]] – entry error at [date=] (anything other than a 4-digit number at start)
* [[:Category:Language articles with speaker number undated]] – no entry at [date=]
** [[:Category:Language articles with 'no date' set]] – [date=no date], used when the source lacks a date
** [[:Category:Language articles with NA population dates]] – [date=NA], used when a date does not apply
* [[:Category:Language articles with old speaker data]] (currently set to > 30 years)

;Classification
* [[:Category:Language articles with spurious family]] (generally because [fam1=] is autofilled from [familycolor] to 'American', 'Australian', 'Papuan', 'Khoisan', 'Caucasian', 'Andamanese', or 'Paleosiberian')
* [[:Category:Languages without family color codes]] – no or invalid familycolor
* [[:Category:Languages without classification]] – family displayed as 'unknown' (sometimes triggered by SLs or conlangs)

;Other
* [[:Category:Language articles needing infoboxes]] (manual cat: switch of if you judge the article does not need one)
* [[:Category:Ill-formatted infobox-language images]] – images need to be stripped of external file formatting
* [[:Category:Language articles with unsupported infobox fields]] (detects only specified errors, primarily 'caption' for image/map caption)

==See also==
* [[:Template:Infobox language family]]
<includeonly>
<!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS -->
[[Category:Language infobox templates|Language]]
[[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]]

</includeonly>