View source for Sukkista Isiat

Sukkista Isiat (Sukkistan Kesi/ƽɞϑϑιƽⱶoⱱ ϑ϶ƽι) [sukːistanˑkɛsi] is a language developed by [[User:Sihithe Avralte|Sihithe Avralte]]. It is spoken by over 250 million people in the southern cities across the country of Sukkistanas. The language has a limited vocabulary, however in grammar and etymologically it is closely related to [[Latirdo]], the relation can be compared with that of French and Spanish.


{| align="right" class="wikitable" style="width: 300px; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1
! colspan="2" style="font-size:100%; color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|<big>Sukkista Isiat</big><br>''ƽɞϑϑιƽⱶoⱱ ϑ϶ƽι''
|-
! colspan="1" style="color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|Pronunciation:
| style="text-align: left;" |sukːistan kɛsi
|-
! colspan="1" style="color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|Spoken in:
| style="text-align: left;" |Sukkistanas, Tehteluanasta, Leitídua, Sojkyemesten Empire
|-
! colspan="1" style="color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|Total speakers:
| style="text-align: left;" |273 million
|-
! colspan="1" style="color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|[[wikipedia:List of language families|Language family]]:
| style="text-align: left;" |Isiat-West
|-
! colspan="1" style="color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|[[wikipedia:Writing system|Writing system]]:
| style="text-align: left;" |Isialuior Script (ϑɞoⱱo ιƽιoψɞιơɥ)
|-
! colspan="2" style="color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|Official status
|-
! colspan="1" style="color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|[[wikipedia:Official language|Official language in]]:
| style="text-align: left;" |Sukkistanas
|-
! colspan="2" style="color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|Language codes
|-
! colspan="1" style="color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|[[wikipedia:List of ISO 639-1 codes|ISO 639-1]]
| style="text-align: left;" |skt
|-
! colspan="1" style="color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|[[wikipedia:List of ISO 639-2 codes|ISO 639-2]]
| style="text-align: left;" |skt
|-
! colspan="1" style="color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|[[wikipedia:SIL International|SIL]]
| style="text-align: left;" |skt
|-
! colspan="2" style="color: {{{fontcolor}}}; background-color: {{{familycolor}}};"|See also: [[wikipedia:Language|Language]] &ndash; [[wikipedia:Lists of languages|Lists of languages]]
|}

== Phonology ==
Sukkista Isiat phonology is more limited than that of Latirdo in consonants, and uses the alphabet slightly differently ''(ԇ - [ʏ]; ҧ - [j])''
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Post-alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Plosive || p ||  || t d ||  ||  || k ||
|-
| Fricative || || v f ð þ || s ||  ||  ||  || h
|-
| Affricate ||  ||  || ts ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| Lateral ||  ||  || l ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| Tap/flap ||  ||  || ɾ ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| Approximant || w ||  ||  ||  || j ||  || 
|-
| Nasal || m ||  || n ||  ||  || ŋ || 
|-
| Trill ||  ||  || ʀ ||  ||  ||  || 
|}
=== Vowels ===
VOWELS
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|  || Front || Central || Back
|-
| High || i iː || ʏ ʏː || u uː
|-
| Mid || ɛ ɛː || ʌ || o oː
|-
| Low || æ || a aː || 
|}
''-accented vowels are pronounced twice as long as non-accented''

== Orthography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|  || Front || Central || Back
|-
| High || i, í || y, ý || u, ú
|-
| Mid || e, é || ö || o, ó
|-
| Low || ä || a á || 
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Post-alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Plosive || p ||  || t d ||  ||  || k || 
|-
| Fricative ||  || v f ð þ || s ||  ||  ||  || h
|-
| Affricate ||  ||  || ts ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| Lateral ||  ||  || l ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| Tap/flap ||  ||  || r ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| Approximant || u ||  ||  ||  || j ||  || 
|-
| Nasal || m ||  || n ||  ||  || ng || 
|-
| Trill ||  ||  || rr ||  ||  ||  || 
|}

== Morphology ==
Sukkista Isiat is a very agglutinative language, attaching concepts such as case, tense, aspect, mood, person, number, diminutives, definiteness, and possession onto nouns and verbs directly via prefixing and suffixing. An example of a word of significant length is '''ottokjóikojmuruniarkavatielankossoretiteksynýnallekylyhynovomisinarvynsirystäsi?''' It is a one-word question meaning "if because of us having been not wanting to have been able to crouch them down with the little deciduous forest's plan that used to be ours??" 

== Grammar ==
Sukkista Isiat grammar is VERY complicated and irregular, pluralization and conjugation in particular are difficult.
=== Nouns ===
==== Cases ====
{|
|-
! CASE !! Singular !! Plural !! Suffix
|-
| Nominative || Lira || Lyrä || ''none''
|-
| Accusative || Liras || Lyräs || -s, -es
|-
| Genitive || Liran || Lyrän || -n, -en
|-
| Comitative || Liralle || Lyrälle || -lle, -alle
|-
| Vocative || Lirasses || Lyrässes || -sses, -esses
|-
| Locative || Liravu || Lyrävy || -vu, -vy, -uvu, -yvy
|}
==== Pluralization ====
Sukkista Isiat goes from singular to plural number by a series of vowel shifts.

'''a →→→ ä'''

'''e →→→ ä'''

'''i →→→ y'''

'''o →→→ ö'''

'''u →→→ y'''

There are many exceptions however to this rule. Irregularities include the following nouns which pluralize differently...

''povi, aþta, aþto, sko, tronse, diva, orumu, liákta, kuoma, hyva, pelepri, tupu, toki, alou, vou, kjou, fi, puiri, lospa, vá, má, kaliká, ilaská, klú, ámeno, hiski, auste, teala, siona, jupa, ahiliákta, juma, dveini, julla, luorenínta, laitu

''
their plurals are...

''pyvä, äþtörä, äþtör, sköjri, äyrä/jörä, dyttä, irymy, lyéktärä, kyäntä, hyttä, päläprytä, tytty, tökrä, alyö, vyö, kyö, fyttärä, pýrtä, löspärä, värtä, märtä, kälykärtä, yläskärtä, klyrtä, ämänör, hyskyrtä, äystärtä, tyälä, syön, ýpä, ähylyéktärä, ýmä, dyväryntärtä, ýllä, lyőränýrtä, lätyä''

==== Diminutives and Augmentatives ====
diminutive:			-eti;			lira		>>	lireti

augmentative:		-otu;		lira		>>	lirotu

''note: final vowel changed to either e or o''

''note: genitive + accusative leaves possessor in gen. and possesed object in acc.''

''note: empowered or dimuned nouns have plurals in -nä, AFTER the suffix is added, so it becomes another word alone''

==== "Nominaccusative" ====
Nominaccusative is the case used when a noun is both receiving an action and giving one, it is in the nominative and accusative simultaneously, we use the suffix -si to denote this, then conjugate the verb committed by the object with the object

Example:		I have a tree that grows. -		Lennoin luesi mi luara.

=== Articles ===
Sukkista Isiat has many, many articles, one on its own the indefinite is 'ne' and it goes before the noun, then the suffixes for the definite article are as follows...

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| Masculine || im -ti || ym -ty
|-
| Feminine || am -ti || äm -ty
|-
| Inanimate || is -ta || ys -tä
|-
| Abstract || ikoj-tea || yköj-tä
|}

=== Verbs ===
==== CONJUGATION ====
Sukkista Isiat has five distinct verb groups: -ava, -eva, -iva, -ova, -uva, and they all conjugate differently, mostly in the perfect and pluperfect tenses and sometimes in internal vowels.
===== -AVA =====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! ↓person↓ !! Pluperfect !! Progressive !! Perfect !! Past !! Recent !! Present !! Future !! Imminent
|-
| 1sg || mlimieksi || mlimiensa || mlimiesta || mlimienu || mlimienurta || mlimien || mlimienti || mlimientile
|-
| 2sg || mlimuoksi || mlimuotsa || mlimuosta || mlimuotu || mlimuoturta || mlimuot || mlimuotti || mlimuottile
|-
| 3sg || mlimaksi || mlimasa || mlimasta || mlimu || mlimarta || mlima || mlimati || mlimatile
|-
| 1pl || mlimyeksi || mlimyensä || mlimyestä || mlimyeny || mlimyenyrtä || mlimyen || mlimyenti || mlimyentilä
|-
| 2pl || mlimyöksi || mlimyötsä || mlimyöstä || mlimyöty || mlimyötyrtä || mlimyöt || mlimyötti || mlimyöttilä
|-
| 3pl || mlimäksi || mlimäsä || mlimästä || mlimy || mlimärtä || mlimä || mlimäti || mlimätilä
|}
''regular verb in use: '''mlimava''' (to drink)''
===== -EVA =====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! ↓person↓ !! Pluperfect !! Progressive !! Perfect !! Past !! Recent !! Present !! Future !! Imminent
|-
| 1sg || marútéksi || marútensa || marútéin || marúténu || marúténurta || marútén || marúténti || marúténtile
|-
| 2sg || marútétsi || marútétsa || marútéit || marútétu || marútéturta || marútét || marútétti || marútéttile
|-
| 3sg || marútési || marútésa || marútéi || marútú || marútérta || marúté || marútéti || marútétile
|-
| 1pl || marútyeksi || marútyensa || marútyin || marútyeny || marútyenyrtä || marútyen || mlimyenti || marútyentilä
|-
| 2pl || marútyetsi || marútyetsa || marútyit || marútyety || marútyetyrtä || marútyet || mlimyötti || marútyettilä
|-
| 3pl || marútevytsi || marútevytsa || marútevyit || marútý || marútévytyrta || marútevyt || marútevytti || marútevyttilä
|}
''regular verb in use: '''marúteva''' (to translate)''

===== -IVA =====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! ↓person↓ !! Pluperfect !! Perfect !! Progressive !! Past !! Recent !! Present !! Future !! Imminent
|-
| 1sg || kirinsi || kirista || kirinsa || kirinu || kirinurta || kirin || kirinti || kirintile
|-
| 2sg || kiritsi || kiritta || kiritsa || kiritu || kiriturta || kirit || kiritti || kirittile
|-
| 3sg || kirísi || kiriasta || kirísa || kirú || kirirta || kirí || kiríti || kirítile
|-
| 1pl || kirynsi || kirystä || kirynsä || kiryny || kirynyrtä || kiryn || kirynti || kiryntilä
|-
| 2pl || kirytsi || kiryttä || kiryttä || kiryty || kirytyrtä || kiryt || kirytti || kiryttilä
|-
| 3pl || kirýsi || kiryästä || kirýsä || kirýhy || kirýrtä || kirý || kirýti || kirýtilä
|}
''regular verb in use: '''kiriva''' (to attack)''

===== -OVA =====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! ↓person↓ !! Pluperfect !! Progressive !! Perfect !! Past !! Recent !! Present !! Future !! Imminent
|-
| 1sg || ruskonsi || ruskonsa || ruskosta || ruskonu || ruskonurta || ruskon || ruskonti || ruskontili
|-
| 2sg || ruskotsi || ruskotsa || ruskotta || ruskotu || ruskoturta || ruskot || ruskotti || ruskottili
|-
| 3sg || ruskoksi || ruskoasa || ruskoasta || ruskou || ruskoarta || ruskoa || ruskoati || ruskoatili
|-
| 1pl || ruskönsi || ruskönsä || rusköstä || rusköny || ruskönyrtä || ruskön || ruskönti || rusköntili
|-
| 2pl || ruskötsi || ruskötsä || rusköttä || rusköty || ruskötyrtä || rusköt || ruskötti || rusköttili
|-
| 3pl || rusköjäksi || rusköjäsä || rusköjästä || rusköjy || rusköjärtä || rusköjä || rusköjäti || rusköjätili
|}
''regular verb in use: '''ruskova''' (to search, look for)''

===== -UVA =====
-UVA verbs are conjugated exactly the same way as -OVA verbs, except each internal -o- is replaced with a -u- (-oasta — -uasta)

==== Irregular Verbs ====
Although they won't be conjugated here, here is a list of all irregular verbs in Sukkista Isiat:

enneva, aitiva, mieva, lennuva, fereva, vónova, nónova, jupava, hualuva, vintiva, toástava, kuluva, misenuva, noinava, ursava, jorava, luva, tiva, lainiva, novomisenuva, novenneva, lastereva, kotinuva, viniva, ulmava, tiokiva, ovonaitiva, novoaitiva, koaskava, arava

==== Objects ====
In Sukkista Isiat, if the object of the verb is direct and a pronoun, it is placed as a suffix. The object suffixes are listed in the Pronouns section.
Example: I see, I see you. Ursien, Ursientút

==== Zero Person ====
it is formed by putting verb in 3rd person singular conjugation with any tense and mood needed, then adding hyphenated '-ne', meaning 'one' onto the end
Example: 		One cannot think here.			Kupivaus-ne étti.

==== Infinitive ====
it is the base form of all verbs, in which always ends in VOWEL-va, which must be removed when conjugating
Example:		We go, To go.				Aityän, Aitiva.

==== Reflection ====
verbs can reflect their actions back onto their committers by adding the suffix -sse/-ssä
Example:		He ate, He ate himself.			Joru, Jorusse.

==== Transitive verbs ====
Transitive verbs transfer their action to the object, with the use of the suffix -ti, which is put after the object, equivalent in english is 'to make' the object do something
Example:		I sleep, I make you sleep.		Toisien, Toisientútti.
====Subjunctive Mood====
The subjunctive mood in Sukkista Isiat is used to speak of something possible but not concrete, such as 'if I were an astronaut...' and it is denoted with the circumfix ott-i/ot-i
note: this mood can be applied to any tense and the circumfix must remain outside
Example:		You sleep, If you slept.			Toisuot, ottoisuoti.

=== Moods ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Mood !! Sukkista I. !! Translation
|-
| Normal indicative || ursien || I see
|-
| Interrogative || '''l(u)'''ursien || do I see?
|-
| Negative || '''k(u)'''ursien || I do not see
|-
| Willing || '''h(u)'''ursien || I want to see
|-
| Imperative || ursien'''urty''' || I must see
|-
| Possible || ursien'''us''' || I may/can see
|-
| Subjunctive || '''ott'''ursien'''i''' || if I saw
|}

''-if moods are to be used together, they are to be attached in the order that they are displayed in the chart.''

''-moods are indicated AFTER personal and tense conjugation''

=== Pronouns ===
==== Personal ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Genitive !! Comitative !! Locative
|-
| 1sg || tie || -tét || tien || ilte || tivu
|-
| 2sg || tu || -tút || tun || ultu || tuvu
|-
| 3sg || ta || -tas || táen || alla || tavu
|-
| 3sg inan. || y || -yres || yren || ylle || juvu
|-
| 1pl || tye || -tyes || tyen || tyelle || tyevy/tervy
|-
| 2pl || työ || -tyt || tyn || tylle || tyvy
|-
| 3pl || tä || -täs || täen || tällä || tävy
|}

''-there is no gender distinction in pronouns''

==== Relative ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! interrogative !! conjunctive !! this... !! that... !! none... !! every/all...
|-
| PERSON || má || mami || marí || marú || sema || tulma
|-
| THING || mé || memi || täjä, täytä || töjä || seme || tulme
|-
| TIME || mó || momi || sata, jarmu || orú || semo || tulmo
|-
| PLACE || muéla || muélami || étti || ótti, orú || semuéla || tulmuéla
|-
| REASON || mirki || mirkimi || mirkí || mirkú || semirki || tulmirki
|-
| MEANS || mirika || mirikami || mirikarí || mirikarú || semirika || tulmirika
|}

NOTE ON CONJUNCTIVE:
In the conjunctive to say for example "with he who", one would use the conjunctive of person "marmu" and decline the "mar" to "malle" to get "mallemu - with he who", and this can be done with any of them by removing -r and adding -lle ''(mallemi, mellemi, mirkillemi, muéllemi) this also is done for accusative and other cases (mesmi, masmi, muélasmi)''.

CASES:
Often pronouns are declined, which is done by removing the last vowel and adding -s, which is a fairly simple rule. This chart only shoes the pronouns in their NOMINATIVE form. For example, to say "what are you doing?", the "what" is in the accusative, so mé → me'''s''' (mes þuotsa?)

==== Possessive Pronouns ====

Although the normal possessive pronouns (shown above) can be used for indicating ownership, the simpler way is to add the following suffixes...

pluperfect
perfect
progress
present
future
past
'''1 sg.'''
liraksenín
lirastanín
lirasanín
liranín
liratinín
lirapunín
'''2 sg'''
liraksenón
lirastanón
lirasanón
liranón
liratinón
lirapunón
'''3 sg'''
liraksana
lirastana
lirasana
lirana
liratina
lirapuna
'''1 pl'''
liraksynýn
lirastänýn
lirasänýn
liranýn
liratinýn
lirapynýn
'''2 pl'''
liraksynőn
lirastänőn
lirasänőn
liranőn
liratinőn
lirapynőn
'''3 pl'''
liraksynä
lirastänä
lirasänä
liranä
liratinä
lirapynä

''Example in use - “lira”, meaning "house"''
	
''Note: the different tenses indicate the time in which the noun is possessed''

=== Adjectives ===
Adjective endings are changed depending on the gender of the noun they describe. Noun classes - or [[Grammatical gender|genders]] - in Sukkista Isiat have adjectives take the following forms...

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| Animate masc. || lasi'''do''' || lasi'''rs'''
|-
| Animate fem. || lasi'''vo''' || lasi'''rs'''
|-
| Inanimate || lasi'''s''' || lasi'''rs'''
|-
| Abstract || lasi'''sk''' || lasi'''rs'''
|}

''Adjectives ALWAYS come after their nouns''

===== Nouns Derived from Adjectives =====
The simple suffix -te can be put on the end of any adjective in its default INANIMATE form to make it a noun possessing the quality denoted by the adjective.

''koäis → red''

''koäiste → "the red one"''

these nouns can be declined and pluralized just like any other noun.

=== Prepositions ===

Prepositions in Sukkista Isiat work the same way as they do in English. Here are some prepositions...

''arvu - into''

''el - of''

''malá - away from''

''kjó - by''

''alkjó - alongside''

''ufu - over''

''novovu -n - under''

''oksivu -n - next to''

''noivu (-n) - outside''

''trúvu (-n) - inside''

''ar - to''

''tylä - through''

''yljä - across''

''lunta - in terms of''

''jaska - against''

== Language Examples ==

Article one of the [http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html Declaration of Rights]...

Óm ähör nuolä holjórs ju vartars sástolavu ju kuorimiavu. Fällä malirs tihios ju tissotas, ju sáfikiorunivkualle farässärty.


[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]