View source for Valian/Etymologies

Here below are given the known etymologies for words in [[User:Chrysophylax/Reconstructing Proto-Tenarian|Proto-Tenarian]], the reconstructed ancestor of [[Valian|Valian]], [[Elasian]], and [[Lillet|Lillian]]. For forms no longer extant in Valian, examples are given from its direct ancestor Old Valian (OV.).

{{Ast}}-a: Va. ''-a'' "(OV.) genitive case suffix"; Elas. ''-o'' "genitive case suffix"

{{Ast}}-aʔiC: Va. ''-ä'' "pronominal genitive-dative case suffix"; Elas. ''-á'' "dative case suffix"

{{Ast}}aʔtsa: Va. ''aas'' "girl"; Elas. ''-áz'' "nouns denoting female referents"

{{Ast}}aʔra: Va. '''''aar'''s'' "large", Elas. ''-ár'' "animate augmentative suffix"

{{Ast}}eʔil: Va. '''''eel'''as'' "strong", ''v'''äl'''ya'' "noble"; El. '''''Él'''ász'' "wild, fierce".

{{Ast}}-äm(iC): Va. '' -ä(mmi)'' "(OV.) instrumental case suffix"; Elas. ''-em'' "instrumental case suffix"

{{Ast}}kaʔlʲaśa: Va. ''kaalas'' "party, celebration"; Elas. ''kályaz'' "dance".

{{Ast}}həˈkärja: Va. ''kärya'' "saga"; Elas. ''ger'' < ''*hegerjo'' "story"

{{Ast}}mir: Va. ''tor'''m'''''(<''*tormi'') "father", ; Elas. ''mir'' "head"

{{Ast}}mer: Elas. '''''mer'''et'' "language"; Va. '''''mer'''ilinna'' (archaic) "poet"

{{Ast}}pV(h)ś-<sup>1</sup>, maybe {{Ast}}pæśi or {{Ast}}paĭhśi: Elas. ''pasz'' "stone"; Va. ''päht'' "stone"

{{Ast}}pétaqĭ: Va. ''pead'' "sparrow"; Elas. ''pet'' "bird"; Lil. ''pidoig'' "bird"

{{Ast}}śalima: Va. ''salma'' "belief" ; El. ''szólim'' "trust" (should be szálim??)

{{Ast}}śajan: Va. ''saya'' "badger"; El. ''szaj'' "wolverine"

{{Ast}}śilima: Va. ''silma'' "star"; El. ''szilin'' "star"

{{Ast}}talilet: Va. ''talle'', from earlier ''tallet'' "speech"; El. ''tollet'' "a proverb"

{{Ast}}taʔnikos: Va. ''taankos'' "steed, warhorse"; Elas. ''tónisz'' "beast of burden" from earlier ''tónix'', Lil. ''tōneg'' "reindeer".

{{Ast}}tieje: Va. ''tee'', older ''teeye'' "I"; El. ''tá'' "I (dat.)"

{{Ast}}tur: El. ''turáz'' "maiden", possible compound of ''*tur'' + ''*aʔtsa'', Va. ''torm'' "father"

{{Ast}}vaha: Va. '''''v'''älya'' "noble", Va. ''ta'''vaha''''' "holy"

{{Ast}}-en/-in: Va. ''-in'' "denotes plural"; Elas. ''-en'' "denotes plural"

{{Ast}}-lja: Va. ''-lya'' "indicates negative polarity of verb"; El. ''-lya'' "indicates negative polarity of verb"


:<sup>1</sup> — The original vowel cannot be reconstructed with safety as Va. shows /æ/ while El. has /a/; historically the equivalent of Va. /æ/ is El. /e/.  It does not appear to be a reduced diphthong either as neither language shows a long vowel or diphthong. Furthermore, the Va. reflex shows /ht/ which is believed to usually originate from earlier /kt/-sequences. If the original stem contained /kt/ then the expected Elasian reflex would be **''pás'', reduced from **''paks'' as clusters of the /kts/-type in Elasian show t-deletion. 
:If we assume paʔś- as stem, then why doesn't the Elasian reflex surface with /ɑh/ nor Va. with /ɑː/? Instead Va. shows /æht/ which would point at a stem ''**pähĭt'' which is problematic as the Elasian reflex would be ''*pét'' /peht/ alt. ''*péit'' /pehit/ and '''not''' ''pasz'' /pat͡s/. One suggestion is *pæś- which while solving the problem in Välyatalle does not explain the irregularity in æ > a in Elasian. A possible *paĭhś- is also discounted primarily on grounds that /aĭh/ should reflex as Va. /æː/ and El. /ah/.

[[Category:Diachronics]]