Qasunattuuji verbs: Difference between revisions
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==General features== | ==General features== | ||
Every verb has an obligatory inflection for person, number, and mood (all marked by a single suffix), and can have other inflectional suffixes such as tense, aspect, modality, and various suffixes carrying adverbial functions, and can have nouns incorporated to them. | Every verb has an obligatory inflection for person, number, and mood (all marked by a single suffix), and can have other inflectional suffixes such as tense, aspect, modality, and various suffixes carrying adverbial functions, and can have nouns incorporated to them. | ||
===Tense=== | |||
Tense marking is always optional. The only explicitly marked tense is the future tense. Past and present tense cannot be marked and are always implied. All verbs can be marked through adverbs to show relative time (using words such as "yesterday" or "tomorrow"). If neither of these markings is present, the verb can imply a past, present, or future tense. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Future tense | |||
!Tense | |||
!Example | |||
|- | |||
|Present | |||
|{{interlinear | |||
|Pijavimiq vigiipuk. | |||
|telephone-INSTR talk-we-1DU.3SG | |||
|We (two) talk on the phone.}} | |||
|- | |||
|Future | |||
|{{interlinear | |||
|Pijavimiq vi'''nia'''giipuk. | |||
|telephone-INSTR talk-we-DU-'''FUT''' | |||
|We (two) '''will''' talk on the phone.}} | |||
|- | |||
|Future (implied) | |||
|{{interlinear | |||
|Suujuqqanu savisuhuu ilaa '''kaluuŋiluuk'''. | |||
|{give birth probably} {sister's} {I} '''tomorrow''' | |||
|My sister (will) give(s) birth '''tomorrow'''. (the future tense "will" is implied by the word tomorrow)}} | |||
|} | |||
===Aspect=== | |||
Marking aspect is optional in Qasunattuuji verbs. It has a perfective versus imperfective distinction in aspect, along with other distinctions, such as: frequentative (-ataq; "to repeatedly verb"), habitual (-simavi; "to always, habitual verb"), inchoative (-hiŋaat; "about to verb"), and intentional (-sahuma; "intend to verb"). The aspect suffix can be found after the verb root and before or within the obligatory person-number-mood suffix. | |||
number-mood suffix. | |||
===Mood=== | |||
Qasunattuuji has the following moods: Indicative, Interrogative, Imperative (positive, negative), Coordinative, and Conditional. Participles are sometimes classified as a mood. | |||
==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
==Derivation== | ==Derivation== | ||
Revision as of 17:12, 25 May 2024
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Qasunattuuji verbs are known for their complexity: a single conjugated verb may stand for a whole sentence. Also, they exhibit noun incorporation: for example: do a speech is rendered as speech-do.
General features
Every verb has an obligatory inflection for person, number, and mood (all marked by a single suffix), and can have other inflectional suffixes such as tense, aspect, modality, and various suffixes carrying adverbial functions, and can have nouns incorporated to them.
Tense
Tense marking is always optional. The only explicitly marked tense is the future tense. Past and present tense cannot be marked and are always implied. All verbs can be marked through adverbs to show relative time (using words such as "yesterday" or "tomorrow"). If neither of these markings is present, the verb can imply a past, present, or future tense.
| Tense | Example |
|---|---|
| Present | Pijavimiq telephone-INSTR vigiipuk. talk-we-1DU.3SG We (two) talk on the phone. |
| Future | Pijavimiq telephone-INSTR viniagiipuk. talk-we-DU-FUT We (two) will talk on the phone. |
| Future (implied) | Suujuqqanu give birth probably savisuhuu sister's ilaa I kaluuŋiluuk. tomorrow My sister (will) give(s) birth tomorrow. (the future tense "will" is implied by the word tomorrow) |
Aspect
Marking aspect is optional in Qasunattuuji verbs. It has a perfective versus imperfective distinction in aspect, along with other distinctions, such as: frequentative (-ataq; "to repeatedly verb"), habitual (-simavi; "to always, habitual verb"), inchoative (-hiŋaat; "about to verb"), and intentional (-sahuma; "intend to verb"). The aspect suffix can be found after the verb root and before or within the obligatory person-number-mood suffix. number-mood suffix.
Mood
Qasunattuuji has the following moods: Indicative, Interrogative, Imperative (positive, negative), Coordinative, and Conditional. Participles are sometimes classified as a mood.
Structure
Derivation
Paradigms
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